• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken in middle altitudinal (1500 to 2500 masl) moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity in different vegetation layers viz. herb, shrub and tree, at different altitudes. Shannon-Wiener diversity index ($\bar{H}$), $Nha^{-1}$, total basal cover per hectare (G), Simpson concentration of dominance, Pielou Equitability, species richness (SR), Margalef index, Menheink index of species richness and ${\beta}$-diversity were calculated to understand community composition. Tree G ranged from 84.25 to 35.08 $m^2ha^{-1}$ and total stem density varied from 990 to 1470 Nha-1. Total SR (herb, shrub and trees) among different forest types ranged between 31 and 58. Maximum G of herb and shrub layers was recorded at lower altitudes between 1500 and 1650 masl. ${\beta}$-diversity was higher in herb layers as compared to tree and shrub layers. Dominance-diversity curves were also drawn to ascertain resource apportionment among various species in different forest types. Values of species diversity, $\bar{H}$, $Nha^{-1}$ and G were higher in the study area as compared to similar forests growing in other parts of Uttarakhand Himalaya.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

Seasonal variability in the algal community structure of intertidal zones was examined at six study sites in Marine National Parks, on the western and southern coasts of Korea from March to November 2015. A total of 193 species of algae, comprising 27 green, 40 brown and 126 red algae, were identified. Algal biomass averaged 101.50 g dry wt./m² with a maximal at Tonggae (168.12 g dry wt./m²) and minimum at Haseom (54.49 g dry wt./m²). The dominant seaweeds by biomass were Sargassum thunbergii at five sites (Tonggae, Haseom, Namdongri, Ando amd Sinjeonri), and S. fusiforme at Soando. Community indices measured as follows: dominance index (DI), 0.31–0.69; richness index (R), 7.30–11.43; evenness index (J'), 0.33–0.49; and diversity index (H'), 1.15–1.86. As evaluated using community indices and environmental states, the EEI (Ecological Evaluation Index) of the Marine National Park was “normal”. The present results indicate that seaweed community structures and indices could be used to evaluate the environmental status of coastal ecosystems.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.20-30
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• 2014

This study examines the foremost concerns related to most noted research performance index. The most popular and widely acceptable h-index underestimates the highly visible scientist, the middle order group, due to citation distribution issues. The study addresses this issue and uses 'Corrected Quality Ratio' (CQ) to check the implicit underpinnings as evident in h-index. CQ helps to incorporate the aspects of a good research performance indicator. This simple revision performs more intimately and logically to gauge the broader research impact for all groups and highly visible scientists with less statistical error.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.375-383
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• 2018

In order to apply the Network RTK (real time kinematics) technology, which has been used for positioning of stationary points, to the navigation of vehicles, its infrastructure should provide correction data with a quality indicator that can show the expected accuracy in real time. In this paper, we analyzed various indicator generation algorithms such as I95 (ionospheric index 95) / G95 (geodetic index 95), SBI (semivariance based index) and RIU (residual interpolation uncertainty). We also applied them to the raw observables from the reference stations of National Geographic Information Institute and VRS (virtual reference station) users, and then examined its feasibility to be used as a real-time performance index of the Network RTK rover. 24 hour data analysis shows that the RIU index, which can represent the non-linearty of the correction, has the strongest correlation with the Network RTK rover accuracy. Therefore, RIU index is expected to be used as a real-time performance index of the Network RTK rover.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.537-545
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• 2020

We investigate some polynomial invariants for virtual knots via virtualization moves. We define two types of polynomials W_G(t) and S²_G(t) from the definition of the index polynomial for virtual knots. And we show that they are invariants for virtual knots on the quotient ring Z[t^±1]/I where I is an ideal generated by t² - 1.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.367-377
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• 2023

This study investigates the utility of the Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index and Cardiometabolic Index(CMI) as predictors for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The study involved 1970 males, 1459 females, totaling 3429 participants who underwent health checkups at P Hospital in Busan between January 2023 and June 2023. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was based on the presence of 3 or more risk factors out of the 5 criteria outlined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute(AHA/NHLBI), and participants with 2 or fewer risk factors were categorized as normal. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) program. Significance was established at p<0.05. The comparison revealed that the metabolic syndrome group exhibited attributes such as advanced age, male gender, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, high blood sugar, elevated triglycerides, reduced LDL-C, elevated HDL-C, higher Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and components linked to abdominal obesity. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between waist circumference/height ratio, waist circumference, Cardiometabolic Index, and triglycerides. Weak positive correlations were observed between LDL-C, body mass index, and Cardiometabolic index, while a strong negative correlation was found between Cardiometabolic Index and HDL-C. ROC analysis indicated that the Cardiometabolic Index(CMI), Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index, and waist circumference demonstrated the highest Area Under the Curve(AUC) values, indicating their efficacy in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Optimal cut-off values were determined as >1.34, >8.86, and >84.5 for the Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and waist circumference, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences for age(p=0.037), waist circumference(p<0.001), systolic blood pressure(p<0.001), triglycerides(p<0.001), LDL-C(p=0.028), fasting blood sugar(p<0.001), Cardiometabolic Index(p<0.001), and Triglyceride-glucose index (p<0.001). The odds ratios for these variables were 1.015, 1.179, 1.090, 3.03, and 69.16, respectively. In conclusion, the Cardiometabolic Index and Triglyceride-glucose index are robust predictive indicators closely associated with metabolic syndrome diagnosis, and waist circumference is identified as an excellent predictor. Integrating these variables into clinical practice holds the potential for enhancing early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.901-913
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• 2000

This is a summary of results involving the development of a theory of an index of an isolated critical point for densely defined nonlinear operators of type (S(sub)+)(sub)0,L. This index theory is associated with a degree theory, for such operators, whch has been recently developed by the authors.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2007

This paper presents an vulnerability index for hidden failure of protective relays in transmission system. The bad influence can be quantized by an vulnerability index. When there is mis-operation, no-operation or mis-setting, power flow can be quantized by an index. According to the index, relays can be resetting. So the wide area blackout can be prevented.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Objective : This study was designed for find corelation between behavior and physical symptoms in child. Physical symptoms appearing related with weak viscera are selected. And behaviors related to selected symptoms are compared that of children with character type defined by jung, c. G. Method: 497 children ( 3-11 years old ) who have visited two oriental clinic ( one is in Gang-Nam Gu Seoul (282 children), the other is in Joong-Rang Gu Seoul (215 children) ) from Jan. to Jul. 2006 were invested through the questionnaires, which were filled by their parents. These questionnaires have 61 yes-no type questions about behaviors on 12 situations, 36 yes no type questions about physical symptoms in 15 categories. 6 questions expected positive answer in child with weak spleen are categorized sp-q and 6 related weak lung, lu-q, 6 related weak kidney, ki-q. Numbers of positive answers in sp-q, lu-q and ki-q are counted so-index, lu-index and ki-index each. Corelation between behavior questions and 3 symptom indexes are measured and questions shown low significance level ( under 5% in pearson corelation, two-tailed ) are selected. Result: 15 behaviors related sp-index, 12 related lu-index, 12 related ki-index are selected and analysed. Conclusion : 1. Behaviors related sp-index is similar to that of Thinking Type children Grouped by jung, c. G.. 2. Behaviors related lu-index is similar to that of Sensation Type. 3. Behaviors related sp-index is similar to that of Feeling Type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

The following results are achieved from a mortar flow test depending on stainless steel slag fineness, replacement ratio, and a research on material age compressive strength, strength activity index. 1. Flow is proportional to the stainless steel slag fineness within the limits of 4000~8000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, but in the case of fineness 20000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g flow decreases at all conditions except the case of replacement ratio 10%. 2. As stainless steel slag replacement ratio increases, Mortar of flow somewhat decreases. 3. As stainless steel slag blends, compressive strength decreases, but in proportion to the increase of age, compressive strength increases. 4. As stainless steel slag replacement ratio, compressive strength decreases. 5. In the case of stainless steel slag fineness 6000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g and 20.000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, compressive strength of revelation ratio has the maximum value when it's replacement ratio is 10%.