• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.94-111
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• 1997

A relatively wide range of weed technology concerning sound herbicide development, its formulation exploitation, and application techniques was extensively reviewed in accordance with least inputted sustainable agriculture. Herbicide plays an integral part of farmers' cultural practices in Korean agriculture like rest of world over. Weeds are more obstacle to the adaptation of more sustainable agriculture system. Because weeds dictate most of the crop production practices, weed scientists must become the leaders of collaborative integrated approaches to agriculture systems research. Feasible ways to minimize herbicide input involve the positive introduction of low-rate selective chemistries, innovative formulations, biological herbicides and newly developed application technology. Since herbicide will remain to be a core position in weed management for the foreseeable future, research is needed to optimize herbicide application technology and to minimize their impact on the environment. Public concerns and regulatory pressures on agricultural chemicals are likely to strengthen throughout this decade and coming. Researchers, pesticide manufacturing industries and regulatory authorities have to work together more closely, leading to understand each other better, as well as the needs of our customers and those of society. To be taken extensively, weed control management practices in the future have to be accepted such a way the respective demands of environment, society and economics are entirely matched.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.111-128
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• 2014

President Park Geun-hye Administration has established the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) to build a creative economy using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). July 2, 2013, The National Assembly has legislated the special act on the ICT promotion and convergence so called special ICT Act. This special ICT Act has reduced the legal basis through legislative process and departmental agreement. Therefore many experts worried that since the MSIP's key functions and roles are being reduced, there will be a limit to the MSIP's endeavor for the advancement of science technology and the ICT promotion and convergence. The establishment of the Agency, together with the formation of 'IT Strategy Committee', is considered to be one of the core items of the Special Act on ICT. MSIP originally planned to integrate the ICT R&D functions scattered across many governmental organizations, including Korea Communications Agency (KCA), KEIT and Korea Creative Contents Agency (KOCCA), into the Agency to separate the national ICT R&D from private R&D and streamline the process of 'discovery-selection-evaluation-commercialization'. The analytical results in this study are supposed to the establishment of efficient ICT governance systems as the practical strategies to actively cope with the changes of ICT convergence environment. It is also expected to the revision on the special ICT Act in the ICT budget and governance. Therefore, MSIP should cover research and development (R&D) as well as major ICT promotion functions to a creative economy.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.759-773
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• 2018

Uncore components such as on-chip memory systems and on-chip interconnects consume a large amount of energy in emerging embedded applications. Few studies have focused on next-generation analytical models for future chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) that simultaneously consider the impacts of the power consumption of core and uncore components. In this paper, we propose a convex-optimization approach to design heterogeneous uncore architectures for embedded CMPs. Our convex approach optimizes the number and placement of memory banks with different technologies on the memory layer. In parallel with hybrid memory architecting, optimizing the number and placement of through silicon vias as a viable solution in building three-dimensional (3D) CMPs is another important target of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms 3D CMP designs with hybrid and traditional memory architectures in terms of both energy delay products (EDPs) and performance parameters. The proposed method improves the EDPs by an average of about 43% compared with SRAM design. In addition, it improves the throughput by about 7% compared with dynamic RAM (DRAM) design.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2006

The AA5182/polypropylene/AA5182(AA/PP/AA) sandwich sheets have been developed for application to automotive body panels in future lightweight vehicles with significant weight reduction. It has been reported that the AA5182 aluminum sheet shows $L\"{u}ders$ band because of dissolved Mg atoms that cause fabrication process problem, especially surface roughness. The examination of serration behavior has been made after the tensile deformation of the AA/PP/AA sandwich sheets as well as that of the AA5182 aluminum skins at room and elevated temperatures. All sandwich sheets and the AA5182 aluminum skin showed serration behavior on their flow curves. However, the magnitude of serration was significantly diminished in the sandwich sheet with high volume fraction of the polypropylene core. According to the results of the analysis of the surface roughness following the tensile test, $L\"{u}ders$ band depth of the sandwich sheet evidently showed lower than that of the AA5182 aluminum skin. The strain rate sensitivity, m-value, of the AA5182 aluminum skin was -0.006. By attaching these skins to the polypropylene core, which has relatively large positive value of 0.050, m-value of the sandwich sheets changed to the positive value. The serration mechanism of the sandwich sheets was quantitatively investigated in the point of the effect on polypropylene thickness variation, that on the strain rate sensitivity and that on the localized stress state.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.1916-1938
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• 2019

The objective of this paper is to discuss the modeling principles of phenomena governing core degradation/melting and in-vessel melt relocation during severe accidents in light water reactors. The proposed modeling approach has been applied in the development of a new accident simulation package, COMPASS (COre Meltdown Progression Accident Simulation Software). COMPASS can be used either as a stand-alone tool to simulate in-vessel meltdown progression up to and including RPV failure, or as a component of an integrated simulation package being developed in Korea for the APR1400 reactor. Interestingly, since the emphasis in the development of COMPASS modeling framework has been on capturing generic mechanistic aspects of accident progression in light water reactors, several parts of the overall model should be useful for future accident studies of other reactor designs, both PWRs and BWRs. The issues discussed in the paper include the overall structure of the model, the rationale behind the formulation of the governing equations and the associated simplifying assumptions, as well as the methodology used to verify both the physical and numerical consistencies of the overall solver. Furthermore, the results of COMPASS validation against two experimental data sets (CORA and PHEBUS) are shown, as well as of the predicted accident progression at TMI-2 reactor.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.613-625
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• 2016

The development of technology has changed the world drastically. Patent data analysis helps to understand modern technology trends and predict prospective future technology. In this paper, we analyze the patent citation network using the USPTO data between 1985 and 2012 to identify technology trends. We use network centrality measures that include a PageRank algorithm to find core technologies and identify groups of technology with similar properties with statistical network models.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.139-153
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• 2018

The explosive interest in block chain, which was triggered by Bitcoin in 2009, is leading to substantial investment and the development of block chain technology. There is no dispute among experts that block chain will be the next generation of innovation. However, despite the high expectations for block chains, the related technology still has certain limitations. In addition to improving issues such as a low transaction throughput, inefficient agreement algorithms, and an inflexible governance structure, it is necessary to solve various problems for commercialization and full-scale spreading owing to the trilemma problem among the scalability, security, and decentralization. Under this situation, identification of the technology characteristics according to the generation is helpful for the development of the core technology requirements and commercialization blueprint in establishing an R&D direction. Therefore, in this article, the development of blockchain technology is divided into generations and analyzed in terms of the operational structure, consensus algorithm, governance, scalability, and security.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2022

Neurons-on-a-Chip technology has been developed to provide diverse in vitro neuro-tools to study neuritogenesis, synaptogensis, axon guidance, and network dynamics. The two core enabling technologies are soft-lithography and microelectrode array technology. Soft lithography technology made it possible to fabricate microstamps and microfluidic channel devices with a simple replica molding method in a biological laboratory and innovatively reduced the turn-around time from assay design to chip fabrication, facilitating various experimental designs. To control nerve cell behaviors at the single cell level via chemical cues, surface biofunctionalization methods and micropatterning techniques were developed. Microelectrode chip technology, which provides a functional readout by measuring the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons, has become a popular platform to investigate neural information processing in networks. Due to these key advances, it is possible to study the relationship between the network structure and functions, and they have opened a new era of neurobiology and will become standard tools in the near future.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.437-454
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• 2023

The core of the change in the era of the 4th industrial revolution is the change in the base of 'digital technology'. These changes are incomparably large and are expected to have a more important impact on our lives than ever before. One of the major inflection points in the transition to the digital era is the education field, and IT technology has become an essential element in the educational field. Accordingly, this study examines domestic research trends related to the educational environment based on digital technology. Then, we would like to provide implications for the establishment of a digital-based educational environment that will change in the future. To this end, Semantic network analysis has been conducted to quantitatively structure text data obtained from studies related to digital technology in the field of mathematics education over the past 10 years, and the discussion will continue based on the results.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.704-723
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of In-Ceram alumina core treat-ed by ion assisted reaction(IAR). Ion assisted reaction is a prospective surface modification technique without damage by a keV low energy ion beam irradiation in reactive gas environments or reactive ion itself. 120 In-Ceram specimens were fabricated according to manufacturer's directions and divided into six groups by surface treatment methods of In-Ceram alumina core. SD group(control group): sandblasting SL group: sandblasting + silane treatment SC group: sandblasting + Siloc treatment IAR I group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with argon ion and oxygen gas IAR II group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion and oxygen gas IAR III group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion only For measuring of tensile bond strength, pairs of specimens within a group were bonded with Panavia 21 resin cement using special device secured that the film thickness was $80{\mu}m$. The results of tensile strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS release version 8.0 programs. Physical change like surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core treated by ion assistad reaction was evaluated by Contact Angle Measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy; chemical surface change was evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results as follows: 1. In tensile bond strength, there were no statistically significant differences with SC group, IAR groups and SL group except control group(P<0.05). 2. Contact angle measurement showed that wettability of In-Ceram alumina core was enhanced after IAR treatment. 3. SEM and AFM showed that surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core was not changed after IAR treatment. 4. XPS showed that IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core was enabled to create a new functional layer. A keV IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core could enhanced tensile bond strength with resin cement. In the future, this ion assisted reaction may be used effectively in various dental materials as well as in In-Ceram to promote the bond strength to natural tooth structure.