• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

The studies have been conducted to control the soil borne fungal pathogens viz, Fusarium solani (Mart) Sacc. and Alternaria tenuissima the incitants of root rot and die-back diseases on mulberry stem cuttings planted in the mulberry nurseries and also in established mulberry gardens ten plant extracts with 10% concentration except Lantana camara (undiluted) were tested through poisoned food technique and four biofungicides were also screened by dual culture method under in vitro conditions. Plant extract of Prosopis juliflora showed the maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth (81.2% over A. tenuissima and 80.0% over F. solani) and followed by L. camara (66.7% over A. tenuissima and 68.9% over F. solani). Among the antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride showed maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi. The promising plant extracts (P. juliflora and L. camara) and antagonists (P. fluorescens and T. viride) were tested against both the pathogenic fungi under in vivo conditions along with the existing popular chemical Mancozeb. All the tested plant products and bio-fungicides showed inhibitory effect on both fungi. But the maximum survival percentage of mulberry cuttings was recorded in the treatment with T. viride (95% against F. solani and 90% against A. tenuisssima) followed by P. fluorescens (90% against both fungi) and T. harzianum (80% against F. solani and 85% against A. tenuisssima). Incase of the treatments with plant extracts and chemical fungicide the P. juliflora (60% against F. solani and 55% against A. tenuisssima) showed higher survival percentage and followed by L. camara (55% against F. solani and 50% against A. tenuisssima) and Mancozeb (55% against both fungi). In case of control only 10% of survival was recorded in F. solani inoculated cuttings and 15% survival in A. tenuissima inoculated cuttings.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2012

This study investigated the distribution of endophytic fungi obtained from the surface sterilized tissues of leaves, stems and roots of chili pepper ($Capsicum$ $annuum$ L.) plants in seedling, flowering and fruiting stages in Korea and their antifungal activity. A total of 481 isolates were recovered and were identified using molecular techniques. Based on rDNA ITS gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, 21 fungal genera were characterized, belonging to 16 Ascomycota and 5 Basidiomycota. $Penicillium$ in seedling stage, $Fusarium$ in flowering stage, $Colletotrichum$ followed by $Fusarium$, $Alternaria$ and $Xylaria$ in fruiting stage was predominant and $Alternaria$, $Cladosporium$ and $Fusarium$ were common in all growth stages. Among 481 endophytes 90 phenotypes were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against three major pathogens ($Phytophthora$ $capsici$, $Colletotrichum$ $acutatum$ and $Fusarium$ $oxysporum$) of chili pepper. Among them 16 isolates inhibited the growth of at least one test microorganisms. Three strains showed a broad spectrum antifungal activity and displayed strong inhibition against chili pepper pathogenic fungi.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2022

To screen antagonistic fungi against plant pathogens, dual culture assay (DCA) and culture filtrate assay (CFA) were performed with unknown soil-born fungi. Among the different fungi isolated and screened from the soil, fungal isolate ANU-301 successfully inhibited growth of different plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum, in DCA and CFA. Morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis identified ANU-301 as Aspergillus terreus. Inoculation of tomato plants with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induced severe wilting symptom; however, co-inoculation with ANU-301 significantly enhanced resistance of tomato plants against FOL. In addition, culture filtrate (CF) of ANU-301 not only showed bacterial growth inhibition activity against Dickeya chrysanthemi (Dc), but also demonstrated protective effect in potato tuber against soft rot disease. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of CF of ANU-301 identified 2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol (MPP) as the most abundant compound. MPP inhibited growth of Dc, but not of FOL, in a dose-dependent manner, and protected potato tuber from the soft rot disease induced by Dc. In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus ANU-301 could be used and further tested as a potential biological control agent.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to test the control effect of methanol extracts of 10 medicinal plants on apple storage diseases caused by Botryosphaeria berengeriana, Glomerella cingulata and Penicillium expansum. Out of the 10 medicinal plants, methanol extracts of Coptis japonica and Anemarrhena asphodeloides inhibited effectively the mycelial growth of B. berengeriana, G. cingulata and P. expansum in vitro, for which the inhibition ratios of the two plant extracts were 100.0% and 89.3%, 73.7% and 94.1%, and 100.0% and 51.6%, respectively. Spore germination of the three fungi was inhibited 100% only by C. japonica extract, but only P. expansum was inhibited 100% by A. asphodeloides extract. No lesion was formed y the fungi at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to 2 weeks after inoculation. Lesion sizes produced by the three fungi at the temperature ranges of 1$0^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and infection of B. berengeriana and G. cingulata were inhibited by C. japonica extract, but not by A. asphodeloides extract, while no lesion was formed by the fungi at 5$^{\circ}C$. Infections of the fungi on apples were somewhat stimulated by A. asphodeloides extract.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 1993

A series of 12 pyrimidine derivatives were prepared and tested in vitro against growth, sporulation and nucleic acids of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Helminthosporium oryzae. Intorduction of thiazole ring together with two aryl groups to 2-aminopyrimidine induced drastic toxicity for both fungi. Pyrimidine derivatives with aryl groups were less toxic. Nitro groups were found to enhance the toxicity of the pyrimidine derivatives especially when substituted in ortho-position of the aryl groups. Inhibition of nudeic acids synthesis of both fungi was attributed mainly to the presence of thiazole ring.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2010

목초액의 농약 또는 식품보존제로서의 이용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 소나무 및 참나무류 기계식 목초액을 대상으로 항진균 및 항세균 활성을 검정하였다. 그 결과 항진균활성의 경우 미정제 목초액은 0.5% 이상의 농도 에서, 정제 목초액은 1.0% 이상의 농도에서 공시 식물병원균 및 목재부후균의 생장을 완전히 억제하여 미정제 목초액이 정제 목초액보다 항균활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 참나무류 목초액이 소나무 목초액보다 항 균활성이 높아 탄화 원료인 수종에 따라 항균활성의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 균종별로는 표고 해균인 주홍 꼬리버섯에 대한 항균효과가 다른 공시 균주에 비해 높은 것으로 나타나 균의 종류에 따라 목초액에 대한 감수성이 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편, 식품부패균 및 식중독균에 대한 항세균활성을 검정한 결과 소나무 및 참나무류 미정제 목초액의 경우 10% 농도에서 모든 공시 균주에 대해 생육저지환을 형성한 반면 정제 목초액 의 경우에는 저지환을 형성하지 않아 항세균활성도 미정제액이 정제액보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 균종에 따른 감수성에도 차이가 있어 그람 양성균에 대한 항균활성이 그람 음성균에 비해 상대적으로 높았으나 탄화 원료에 의한 차이는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과 목초액은 식물병원균, 목재부후균, 식품부패균 및 식중독 균에 대한 항균활성이 우수하여 유기합성 농약을 대체하거나 식품의 부패를 막기 위한 식품보존제로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

향신료중에서 항균성 물질을 찾고자하는 연구의 일환으로 검정균의 생육에 대한 항생제와 보존료의 영향을 조사하였고, 마늘즙과 생강즙이 미생물의 생육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 조사하였다. 마늘즙은 세균과 효모 및 곰팡이에 대해 항균활성을 나타내는 반면, 생강즙은 세균과 효모에 대하여는 항균활성을 나타내지 않았다. 마늘즙의 균증식 억제작용은 마늘즙의 농도에 따라서 증가하였으며, 비증식 생장속도를 조사한 결과, 마늘즙의 항균 효과는 세균보다 효모에서 월등하게 높았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the tolerance of some resistant fungal strains from soils contaminated with heavy metals. Various fungal strains were isolated from soil samples collected from studied sites which heavy metals and other pollutants have been emitted in effluents for several years. Fungi isolated belong to different genera; however, Penicillium spp. showed the most frequent species. The microbial number was remarkably higher in the control soil than contaminated soil samples collected from mining areas. $Pb^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ had the highest concentration in the polluted soils ranging from 89 - 3,521 ppm and 98 - 4,383 ppm, respectively. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of $Pb^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ showed the highest values against the fungal strains. $Ni^{+2}$ and $Co^{+2}$ were the lowest contaminants in the polluted soils with the concentration of 5 to 12.1 ppm and 1.8 to 4.8 ppm, respectively. The tested resistant strains showed the strongest inhibition for $Ni^{+2}$ and $Co^{+2}$ up to 200-400 ppm. Cadmium was the most highly toxic heavy metal for most of strains, however, 1 mM of $Cr^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ accelerated the growth of Penicillium verrucosum KNU3. $Cu^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ at concentration of 1 mM did not affect the growth rate P. funiculosum KNU4. Tolerance of fungal species to heavy metals appears to be strain and origin dependent.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.719-723
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• 2006

Chlororinated bibenzyl compounds (1 and 2) inhibited the growth of the Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, (2 mm inhibition zone and 2 mm inhibition zone at $30{\;}{\mu}g/disc$), Candida albicans ATCC 14053, (2 mm inhibition zone and 2 mm inhibition zone at $30{\;}{\mu}g/disc$), and the dermatophytic fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 28185, (3 mm inhibition zone and 7 mm inhibition zone at 30 Ug/disc) and Cladosporium resl'nae ATCC 52833 (1 mm inhibition zone at $30{\;}{\mu}g/disc$).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2000

아플라톡신 생성균의 생육을 억제할 수 있는 미생물을 분리동정하고 진공동결 건조한 대사산물로부터 길항물질을 분리하였다. 대두로부터 아플라톡신 생육을 저해하는 길항균을 분리하였으며, 그 균은 Bacillus subtilis로 동정되었다. Bacillus subtilis는 아플라톡신 생성균에 대한 길항물질을 생산하였으며 MeOH추출, 실리카겔 흡착 크로마토그래피법, Sephadex LH-20 크로마토그래피법으로 길항물질을 분리하였다. 아플라톡신 생성균인 Asp. flavus와 Asp. parasiticus의 생육은 길항미생물인 Bacillus subtilis가 생산하는 길항물질에 의해 강하게 저해되었으며 이는 아플라톡신 오염방지를 위하여 효과적인 생물학적 방법일 것이라 기대된다.