• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

The effects of grass lipids and long chain fatty acids (LCFA; palmitic, stearic and oleic acids), at low concentrations (0.001~0.02%), on the growth and enzyme activity of two strains of anaerobic fungi, monocentric strain Piromyces rhizinflata B157 and polycentric strain Orpinomyces joyonii SG4, were investigated. The addition of grass lipids to the medium significantly (p<0.05) decreased filter paper (FP) cellulose digestion, cellulase activity and fungal growth compared to control treatment. However, LCFA did not have any significant inhibitory effects on fungal growth and enzyme activity, which, however, were significantly (p<0.05) stimulated by the addition of oleic acid as have been observed in rumen bacteria and protozoa. This is the first report to our knowledge on the effects of LCFA on the rumen anaerobic fungi. Continued work is needed to identify the mode of action of LCFA in different fungal strains and to verify whether these microorganisms have ability to hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.636-640
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• 1990

For a studyon the production of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) by fungi 3 fungal strains were isolated from soil. Their cell growth lipid content and fatty acid composition were compared in shake flask culture. Among these fungi the fungus designated as FA-007 has high lipid content(21.1%) and GLA content(15.6% of total fatty acids) The fungal strain FA-007 was tentatively identified as Mucor sp. on the basis of morphological characteristics, Fungal oil produced by this fungus was composed of 75.2% neutral lipid 5.3% glycolipid and 19.5% phospholipid. Although the GLA content in phospholipid was higher than it in neutral lipid the GLA content in neurtal lipid was high as 15.5%.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.328-331
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• 2023

Genomic information of biotechnologically and industrially important microorganisms provides the basis for understanding their metabolic potential. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the Neodothiora populina-like yeast strain JAF-11 capable of producing biosurfactant myo-inositol lipids. The draft genome contained genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis, including transport and metabolism of lipids, which are a major component of fungal surfactants. Identification of myo-inositol and acyl chain synthesis genes in the draft genome corresponded to the specific biosurfactant produced by strain JAF-11. Further experimental studies could help to elucidate the genes responsible for the production of biosurfactant by strain JAF-11.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1729-1734
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• 2008

Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, has been widely used as a dietary supplement and in a variety of pharmacological and biomedical applications. The antifungal activity and mechanism of action of low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWS-chitosan) were studied in fungal cells and vesicles containing various compositions of fungal lipids. LMWS-chitosan showed strong antifungal activity against various pathogenic yeasts and hyphae-forming fungi but no hemolytic activity or cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The degree of calcein leakage was assessed on the basis of lipid composition (PC/CH; 10:1, w/w). Our result showing that LMWS-chitosan interacts with liposomes demonstrated that chitosan induces leakage from zwitterionic lipid vesicles. Confocal microscopy revealed that LMWS-chitosan was located in the plasma membrane. Finally, scanning electron microscopy revealed that LMWS-chitosan causes significant morphological changes on fungal surfaces. Its potent antibiotic activity suggests that LMWS-chitosan is an excellent candidate as a lead compound for the development of novel anti-infective agents.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.787-793
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• 1993

나뭇잎, 토양, 볏짚, 깻묵, 우분, 메주로부터 지질을 다량 생산하는 곰팡이를 얻기위하여 A. sydowi SW 4-1을 분리 종정하였다. 이 균의 지질 생산 최적조건과 이 균이 생산한 지질의 화학적 특성을 연구한 결과 A. sydowi SW 4-1의 최적 배양조건인 27%의 sucrose가 함유된 배양기에 질소원은 urea로 하고 C : N 비율이 105로 17일간, $27^{\circ}C$에서 배양했을 때 생산된 균체량은 49.9g/l이었고, 지질 함유율은 건물 중량당 42.4%이었다. 최적조건에서 생산된 A. sydowi SW 4-1의 자방산 조성은 palmitic acid 27.0%, stearic acid 13.5%, oleic acid 14.9%, linoleic acid 42.3%로 linoleic acid의 함유율이 가장 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1980

Cladosporium fulvum, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus terreus 및 N-1 균주를 탄소 원으로서 sucrose를 함유한 액체로 각각 20, 25 및 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $10{\sim}12$일간 배양하여 균체를 얻고, 클로로포름-메탄올 혼합액을 이용하여 유지를 추출한 다음 추출된 유지에 대하여 몇가지 분석을 실시하였다. 이 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 배양액 100ml당 (sucrosc 15g함유) 최고 균체 생산량은 Cl. fulvum $3.82{\pm}0.30g,$ Asp. ochraceus $2.62{\pm}0.23g,$ Asp. terreus $4.24{\pm}0.25g,$ N-1 $4.62{\pm}0.18g$이었으며 조 지방 함량은 각각 $27.50{\pm}1.61%,\;50.47{\pm}1.00%,\;46.60{\pm}1.59%$ 및 33.78%였다. 이들의 fat coefficient는 각각 6.92, 8.88, 13.01 및 10.28이었다. 2. 유지 생산량은 N-1만을 제외하고 $30^{\circ}C$에서 최고량을 나타내었다. 3. 이들 균주가 생산하는 유지의 주 구성분은 triglyceride이며 그 다음 주성분은 Cl. fulvum과 N-1이 free fatty acid였으나 Asp. ochraceus 와 Asp. terreus는 phospolipid 였으며 기타 성분은 극히 적었다. 4. 이들 균주가 생산한 유지의 주 지방산은 Cl. fullvum, Asp. ochraceus 및 Asp. terreus의 경우 oleix acid, pamitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid 의 함량 순서로 이루어졌고 주 지방산이 전체 지방산 함량의 98% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, N-1은 linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid 순서로서 전체지방산의 95%이상을 차지하였다. 5. 지방산 조성은 배양 온도에 따라 변화를 보이고 있으나 대부분 일정한 경향은 나타내지 않는데, linoleic acid 만은 저온일수록 함량이 높아졌다. 6. 불포화 지방산의 함량 비율은 $50{\sim}66%$였으며 저온에서 함량이 비교적 높은 경향이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2022

Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of cassava in Thailand, resulting in high yield losses of more than 80%. This study aimed to investigate if the exogenous application of salicylic acid formulations (Zacha) can induce resistance in cassava against Fusarium root rot and observe the biochemical changes in induced cassava leaf tissues through synchrotron radiation based on Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We demonstrated that the application of Zacha11 prototype formulations could induce resistance against Fusarium root rot in cassava. The in vitro experimental results showed that Zacha11 prototype formulations inhibited the growth of F. solani at approximately 34.83%. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the disease severity of Fusarium root rot disease at 60 days after challenge inoculation was observed in cassava plants treated with Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm (9.0%). Population densities of F. solani were determined at 7 days after inoculation. Treatment of the Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm resulted in reduced populations compared with the distilled water control and differences among treatment means at each assay date. Moreover, the SR-FTIR spectral changes of Zacha11-treated epidermal tissues of leaves had higher integral areas of lipids, lignins, and pectins (1,770-1,700/cm), amide I (1,700-1,600/cm), amide II (1,600-1,500/cm), hemicellulose, lignin (1,300-1,200/cm), and cellulose (1,155/cm). Therefore, alteration in defensive carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins contributed to generate barriers against Fusarium invasion in cassava roots, leading to lower the root rot disease severity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2009

Phospholipids are crucially important in a cell membrane function and could thereby influence antibiotic susceptibility. In order to investigate the antifungal mechanism the total lipid was extracted from C. albicans treated with citronellol or thymol in concentration of their minimum inhibiting concentration and the changes in phospholipids composition were analyzed using ketoconazole as control. The cell growth and total lipid synthesis in cell walls of C. albicans were inhibited by treatment with citronellol. The levels of total lipids were decreased by 35.85% compared to the control. They also showed a significant decrease in the contents of phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) and phosphatidylinositol(PI). As the result of GC assay for total fatty acid methyl esters of PC, PE and PI in C. albicans treated with citronellol, it was found that the major fatty acid composed of three phospholipid were palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Moreover, the pattern of the fatty acid compositions of PC, PE and PI were changed by the oil. Based on the results, the anti-Candida mechanism of citronellol or thymol might be closely associated with disrupting the permeability barriers of the fungal cell wall composition or construction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.641-645
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• 1990

In order to study the influence of culture conditions on cell growth and lipid formation by Mucor sp, various carbon and nitrogen sources initial pH and C./N ratio of medium were investigated. Glucose was found to be suitable carbon source in terms of lipid yield and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) content. When NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 were used as nitrogen source lipid content was high(19-21%) but GLA content was low(15-17%) On the other hand when NaNO3 and KNO3 were used lipid content was low(about 13%) but GLA content was high(22-23%). The highest production of lipid was obtained at a C/N ratio of 40 using glucose and (NH4)2SO4 as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. it was found that lipid yield was high at pH4.6 Also this fungus did not grow at 35$^{\circ}C$ and lipid yield was highr at 15$^{\circ}C$ than $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2023

Microbial biofilms are resilient, immune-evasive, often antibiotic-resistant health challenges, and increasingly the target for research into novel therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical enzyme and botanical blend (NEBB) on established biofilm. Five microbial strains with known implications in chronic human illnesses were tested: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans (coagulase-negative, penicillin-resistant), Borrelia burgdorferi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were allowed to form biofilm in vitro. Biofilm cultures were treated with NEBB containing enzymes targeted at lipids, proteins, and sugars, also containing the mucolytic compound N-acetyl cysteine, along with antimicrobial extracts from cranberry, berberine, rosemary, and peppermint. The post-treatment biofilm mass was evaluated by crystal-violet staining, and metabolic activity was measured using the MTT assay. Average biofilm mass and metabolic activity for NEBB-treated biofilms were compared to the average of untreated control cultures. Treatment of established biofilm with NEBB resulted in biofilm-disruption, involving significant reductions in biofilm mass and metabolic activity for Candida and both Staphylococcus species. For B. burgdorferi, we observed reduced biofilm mass, but the remaining residual biofilm showed a mild increase in metabolic activity, suggesting a shift from metabolically quiescent, treatment-resistant persister forms of B. burgdorferi to a more active form, potentially more recognizable by the host immune system. For P. aeruginosa, low doses of NEBB significantly reduced biofilm mass and metabolic activity while higher doses of NEBB increased biofilm mass and metabolic activity. The results suggest that targeted nutraceutical support may help disrupt biofilm communities, offering new facets for integrative combinational treatment strategies.