• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.822-841
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to organize how the deceased are clothed. Although there are many people who have seen the dead clothed once or twice and although the clothing has been constantly going on, there have been no books or studies on how the deceased are clothed. Instead, the methods have only been handed down orally by seniors and others who are experienced in it. I see the necessity of systematizing the method of clothing the deceased so that both ordinary people as well as experts can utilize it properly to show their sincerity and courtesy towards the dead. This study is based on literature including old books, dissertations, publications, and reports on ethnic customs. It also refers from interview results of shrouds makers, those experienced in clothing the dead, and seniors knowledgeable in the trade. Funeral manifested the social status of the dead. Shrouds of the olden days had different colors, such as white, black, blue, red, etc. according to items. However, nowadays they are white, pink, or partially light blue or sometimes people just keep the colors of their original cloths. Current items do not differ much from those of the ancient times, though Kwadu, Km, and Po, which were used to cover the belly, have been relatively simplified. The form of shrouds has changed nowadays. There are differences in the funeral procedures and how the deceased are clothed. In the olden days, when a person died, the body was cleaned up and clothed the very next after death. Nowadays, the cleansing and clothing of the body and placing the body in the coffin are all done together the following day. According to the foregoing, though there are no big differences in the way the deceased are clothed between the olden days and the present, the order in which Aksu and B누 are placed, differs and the procedures, items and shape have been simplified.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

온라인 예약서비스를 통한 e하늘장사정보시스템의 2011년도 이용건수는 37,784구이었으나, 2017년도는 56,945구로 50.7%가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이용 증가로 관련한 서울특별시의 공설화장시설 운영개선이 다음과 같은 정책들이 시행되어야 할 것이다. 첫째, 현재 공설화장시설의 입지 지역주민과의 원만한 협상을 통한 화장로 추가 설치, 둘째, 서울특별시와 인접한 경기도 관내 지방자치단체와 공동으로 공설화장시설 건립을 위한 협력사업추진, 셋째, 서울시립묘지 내 개장 전용 화장시설의 설치를 통한 화장수요의 분산, 끝으로 서울특별시 관내 주민을 제외한 기타 지역주민에 대한 공설화장시설 이용시간대 차별 운영 확대 및 화장요금 인상 등을 통한 화장수요를 억제하는 방안에 대한 시행이 이루어져야 한다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was conducted at a Terminal, a Parking Lot, an Underground shopping center, a Funeral hall and a Hospital waiting room of Cheon An area in August 2008 to examine the concentration level of HCHO(formaldehyde). The concentration level of the remodeled sites were $39.4\;{\pm}\;12.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the terminal, $32.7\;{\pm}\;7.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the parking, and $97.8\;{\pm}\;29.4\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the underground shopping center. The underground shopping center had the highest level and followed by the terminal and the parking. On the contrary, the site remodeling had the level of $17.7\;{\pm}\;12.4\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the funeral hall and $17.9\;{\pm}\;0.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the hospital waiting room. The funeral hall had highest level than that of the hospital waiting room. Both the remodeled sites and the not remodeled site had concentration level of HCHO below the standard level, but it was higher in the remodeled sites. There were no relations among the HCHO, the temperature and the humidity in facilities of Cheon An area.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2019

On the basis of 2017, the cremation rate in capital area was 89.0% which was much higher than the national average cremation rate(84.6%). Due to the short supply of cremation facilities in accordance with the increased number of cremation cases every year, the demand for cremation from the residents outside of the jurisdiction area with no cremation facilities was increased, so that the residents in the jurisdiction area had difficulties in using the Online Cremation Reservation Service in Funeral Information System. Thus, this study aims to make suggestions for policies as follows.First, on the basis of 2017, the demand-supply rate of cremation facilities in Gyeonggi-do was 139.4%, which means that the demand for cremation largely exceeds the ability to supply cremation. Therefore, first, in the level of Gyeonggi-do, the expanded supply of cremation facilities should be induced by carrying forward policies such as financial support to the basic local governments installing cremation facilities and expansion of incentives support to the residents of regions attracting cremation facilities. Second, it would be necessary for the central government to expansively conduct the support standard price and government subsidy rate(70%) for the new construction of cremation facilities and the establishment of cremation furnaces. Third, there should be some policies to decrease the inflow of residents outside of the jurisdiction area by raising the fee for using cremation facilities outside of the jurisdiction area of Seoul Metropolitan City and also expanding the application of a sliding scale of cremation hours.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

Based on a result of we research and analysis of this study, it was analyzed that the average annual cremators number using E-Haneul Funeral Information System among the five public cremation facilities in Jeollabukdo was 9,713 in total before the opening of public creation facilities in Jeongeup City (2013-2015), while the number was 12,159 after the opening of public cremation facilities in Jeongeup City (2016-2019); the number was increased by 2,446, compared to the opening period (2013-2015), with a large increase rate of 25.2%. In addition, the average annual cremation rate before the opening of public cremation facilities in Jeongeup City (from 2013 to 2015) was 71.6%, but the average annual cremation rate during the period after the opening (from 2016 to 2019) was 81.5%, which was a large increase rate of 9.9% compared to period before the opening of the facilities. Based on research results above, we have presented policy suggestions in order to increase the efficiency of operation and management of public cremation facilities by local governments as follows. First, in order to prepare for the increase in demand for cremation due to the increase in cremators number, a policy promotion for the expansion of "public cremation facilities" should be carried out as soon as possible, focusing on local governments whose supply has reached the limit. Second, in order to support the expansion and construction of public cremation facilities, the government subsidy rate and government subsidy at the level of current 70%, provided by the central government, should be further expanded. Third, overcoming theNIMBY conflict overlocation for public cremation facilities, theutilization rate should be enhanced, through the joint construction and facility operation of the public cremation facilities between local governments, and the ef iciency of the project implementation should be improved through the jointsharing of the facility operation cost.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2022

Based on the results of this study, we presented the following policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of operation and management of public cremation facilities. First, we findings the cremation number of all public cremation facilities in Gyeonggi-do increased from 39,918 people before the opening of public cremation facilities in Hwaseong to 55,642 people after the opening, showing a high rate of increase of 15,724 people(39.4%). Therefore, in order to increase the cremation ratio, the policy of expanding the supply of public cremation facilities should be actively pursued. Second, in this study we compared to before the opening of public cremation facilities in Hwaseong City, the ratio of cremation number the jurisdiction area of all public cremation facilities in Gyeonggi-do using the E-Haneul Funeral Information System increased by 19.0% from 35.9% to 54.9% after the opening, whereas it was analyzed that the outside of the jurisdiction area decreased by 19.0% from 64.1% to 45.1%. Therefore, in order to improve the convenience of citizens using the jurisdiction area, priority should be given to the promotion of policies for the establishment of public cremation facilities by local governments that do not have public cremation facilities. Third, through we research it is analyzed that the cremation ratio of the jurisdiction area of the public cremation facilities in Hwaseong City, which was jointly installed by six local governments located in Gyeonggi-do, was 92.4%, indicating that the ratio proportion of cremation number in the area is very high. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of the operation of public cremation facilities, the promotion of policies for joint installation and operation of public cremation facilities should be encouraged.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제59호
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• pp.215-240
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• 2018

이 글은 "의례"에 보이는 상례 관련 내용을 선진 제자서의 내용과 비교한 것이다. 고대 상례에 관련된 가장 직접적이고 체계적인 문헌은 "의례"이다. 이것은 내용상에서 "좌씨전", "묵자", "순자" 등의 선진 제자서에 반영된 것도 있고 반면에 상호 어긋나는 내용도 있다. 이러한 상황이 발생한 이유는 고대의 "의례"를 비롯한 예경(禮經)이 성립되는 과정에서 일부 내용이 이미제자서에 반영되기도 하고, 반대로 제자서의 내용이 후대 유가에 의해 예경에 편입되었기 때문이라고 생각된다. 우선 "의례" 상복 편의 기본 내용은 선진 제자서에 대체로 반영되어 있고 공통적인 내용이 많다. 대표적으로 부모와 군주를 위한 삼년상은 유가에서 공통적으로 선양한 것이다. 비록 묵가에서 유가의 후장구상(厚葬久喪)에 대해 반대하지만, "의례"의 상복제도는 적어도 춘추시기에 이르기까지 사람들의 보편적 인식이었다고 할 수 있다. 또한 "의례"와 제자서에 반영된 내용에서 공통적으로 복상(服喪) 대상이 성인인가의 여부에 따라 상복에 차이를 두고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 한편 선진 제자서에 반영된 상례 관련 내용은 "의례"의 규정과 다른 주장도 많다. 특히 제자서에 반영된 부모를 위한 상복은 "의례"의 규정과는 달리 사회적 지위의 다름에 따라 차이가 있음을 보여준다. 또한 부모와 군주를 위한 상복제도와는 달리 아내와 첩을 위한 제도는 "의례"의 규정과 다른 내용이 많이 보인다. 현행본 "의례" "상복" 편에 나열된 규정은 복상 주체와 대상의 신분에 따라 상복과 상기를 달리하기 때문에 당시에는 물론 역사적으로도 엄밀하게 시행되기 어려웠을 것으로 생각된다. 특히 "친친"의 부자관계에 기초해서 자식을 위한 상례는 비교적 분명하고, 군주와 부모를 위한 상례는 명확히 규정되고 강조된 반면에 신하와 아내를 위한 상례는 규정이 없거나 모호한 경우가 많다. 따라서 "삼강"(三綱)이라는 용어가 한대(漢代) 정치윤리 이념을 반영한 동중서(董仲舒)의 "춘추번로"(春秋繁露)에 처음 보이는 것이지만, 내용상으로는 이미 "의례"에 반영된 것이라 보아도 무방할 것이다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-62
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• 2024

코로나19로 인한 온택트 서비스의 발달과 친환경 장례 문화의 사회적 이슈는 온라인 장례라는 새로운 문화의 필요성을 인식하게 하였다. 국내 기관 및 기업에서 온라인 장례 서비스 활성화를 위한 시도가 여러 차례 있었으나, 효과는 미약한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 온라인 장례 플랫폼의 초기 사용자 경험 분석을 통해 사용성의 문제를 파악하고, 온라인 장례 플랫폼의 접근성 및 사용성을 향상할 수 있는 서비스 개발을 제안함에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사용자 경험(UX), OOBE, FTUE 이론의 문헌 고찰을 통해 온라인 장례 플랫폼의 접근성과 사용성 향상에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하고, 대표적 온라인 장례 앱 '메모리얼'을 연구 대상으로 선정하여 실험을 진행하였다. 초기 사용자 경험을 분석하기 전, 연구 대상인 앱 '메모리얼'의 UX 서비스 특성을 이해하고자 유사 타 서비스와의 IA를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 온라인 장례 플랫폼 사용 경험이 없는 피실험자 10명을 대상으로 Unpack-Setup/Configure-First Use 단계에 해당하는 태스크를 수행하고, 실험 과정을 UX Curve로 표현하여 부정적인 경험이 발생한 지점과 요인을 파악하였다. 그 결과, 주요 문제 요인으로 불필요한 UI 요소, 회원가입 단계에서의 민감한 개인정보 요구, 서비스의 몰입감 부족 등이 있었고, 개선 사항으로는 사용자 간의 감정 공유 및 원활한 소통 촉진을 위한 커뮤니티 기능 강화 등이 있었다. 이러한 인사이트를 반영하여 기존 앱 서비스의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 서비스 개발을 제안하였다. 개발한 프로토타입의 타당성을 검증하고자 서비스 디자인 전문가 3인의 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 최근 부상하고 있는 온라인 장례 서비스의 질적 향상과 활성화에 기여하기 위해 진행되었으며, 온라인 장례 서비스의 현황을 이해하고, 서비스 접근성과 사용성 강화를 위해 필요한 요인을 규명하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2018

2011년 1월 1일부터 2017년 12월 31일까지의 기간 중 e하늘장사정보시스템 온라인 예약서비스를 통한 서울특별시 공설화장시설의 지역별 이용 현황에 대한 비교 분석결과, 총 이용건수 314,877구 중 서울시민이 225,828구로 71.7%, 경기도 고양시 등 기타지방자치단체 주민이 89,049구인 28.3%로 높게 나타났다. 이로 인해 많은 서울시민들이 상(喪)을 당한 어려움 속에 화장예약을 하지 못해 4~5일장의 장례식을 치르거나 타지방자치단체로 원정화장을 가는 등의 문제점이 매년 증가 추세를 나타내고 있다. 위와 같은 문제점을 해소하기 위한 정책 추진의 일환으로 서울특별시 공설화장시설의 이용률이 높은 타지방자치단체와의 공설화장시설의 확충이나 신설을 위한 공동이용방안 추진, 중장기적으로 서울특별시 자체의 공설화장시설의 확충 추진 등을 통한 공설화장시설의 공급 확대가 이루어져야 한다. 또한, 수도권 소재 타지방자치단체 공설화장시설(4개소)의 화장로 가동횟수 확대, 타지방자치단체 주민에 대한 화장요금 인상 등을 통한 화장수요의 분산 및 억제 정책이 시행되어야 할 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.648-659
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• 2000

Through this study I would like to examine the meaning system of the symbolized codes related with real costume figures of the abstract concept of the style of the mourning ceremonial dress in Chosun Dynasty as a variable cause of communication through non-language method by the structural analysis of coding of the ceremonial dress style and the meaning system of the codes centering on the traditional book of funeral etiquette dealing with hueneral cereony in the period. To achieve this purpose, I have used the symbolic theory of constructive concept by F. de Saussure, cultural notation theory of Roland Barthes & Umberto Eco, and structural style of costumes by Myung-Sook Han. The result of the study is as follows. 1. As Chosun Dynasty was a society in which people considered courtesy so much important and practiced the basic Confucian ideas of the three bonds and five moral disciplines in human relations, the characteristic of funeral rites in Chosun Dynasty consists in expression of the thoughts of moral ethics & relative systems and systems of clan rules, etc which was a langue determining the symbols of mourning ceremony dress because the mourning ceremony dress in the period should have the feature of a langue. The mourning ceremonial dresses in the period had five grades of the consume and the grades were determined to be classified into five levels according to the clan system of the chief mourner with sang, ha bang. And the method of the association of the mourning ceremonial dress codes had the six principles of Chinchin, Jonjon, Myoungboon, Chulip, Changyu, and Jongbok. 2. Regarding the mourning ceremonial costumes in Korean society, the meaning of funeral ceremony was expressed by the signifier and materials of the mourning costumes in the society. During the process of the funeral, the intangible feeling of condolence was the expression of mourning and the tangible mourning ceremonial dress was the signal with the lamentation meaning. Especially, characters and patterns were removed from the mourning ceremonial dresses in spite of their function of symbols and the styles of costumes were emphasized. Especially the meaning of condolences was symbolized by attachment of some small pieces of cloth on the upper garments. Hemp was mainly emphasized to be the material of the costumes and some different meanings showed according to the quality of the material hemp. The mourning ceremonial dresses were distinguished from ordinary dresses, which were emphasized because they gad some symbolic meaning of the mourning. 3. Considering the association of the synthetic relations of the costumes from the viewpoint that the mourning ceremonial dresses would be classified according to a system, the symbolization of them were avaliable by sex according to how to combine them and there were no distinction between social classes in the society.