• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.810-819
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• 1993

An autonomous lan vehicle for agriculture(ALVA-II) was developed. A prototype vehicle was made by modifying a commercial tractor. A Navigation sensor system with a geo-magnetic sensor performed the autonomous operations of ALVA-II, such as rotary tilling with headland turnings. A navigation sensor system with a machine vision system was also investigated to control ALVA-II following a work boudnary.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.955-969
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• 1998

Engineering problems are inherently imprecision tolerant. Biologically inspired soft computing methods are emerging as ideal tools for constructing intelligent engineering systems which employ approximate reasoning and exhibit imprecision tolerance. They also offer built-in mechanisms for dealing with uncertainty. The fundamental issues associated with engineering applications of the emerging soft computing methods are discussed, with emphasis on neural networks. A formalism for neural network representation is presented and recent developments on adaptive modeling of neural networks, specifically nested adaptive neural networks for constitutive modeling are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1962

As a part of "the Fundamental Study of Pyrometallurgical Debismuthizing of Lead", the author has studied liquid Pb-Bi, Pb-Na, Bi-Na binaries and Pb-Bi-Na ternary including Pb rich side composition which forms a basis of the Dittmer method. In this study, debismuthizing mechanism of the Dittmer method pertaining to the lead rich corner of the system studied was classified by the results of thermal analysis, solubility determination of Bi and Na in liquid Pb and debismuthizing test by adding metallic sodium. For instance eutectic trough in lead rich corner of Pb-Bi-Na ternary relating to the Dittmer method was determined.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2005

A deep stellar analysis is introduced for the poorly studied open cluster NGC 2509. The Near-IR database of the digital Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) has been used to re-estimate and refine the fundamental parameters of the cluster, i.e. age, reddening, distance, and diameter. As well as, luminosity function, mass function, total mass, relaxation time, and mass segregation of NGC 2509 have been estimated here for the first time..

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.434-442
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• 2015

The purpose of this review was to survey the Korean Medicine related papers about women with primary dysmenorrhea in order to develop the clinical protocol of the diagnostic medical device. We searched the literature from 2000 through April 2015 using 5 online databases including Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated Sysptem (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) and Korean Medical Database (KMBase). We selected papers to meet the following inclusion criteria: the papers involved dysmenorrhea (excluding secondary dysmenorrhea), published papers (excluding textbook, educational materials, conferences, etc.) and the papers matched search keywords or scope, but excluded papers to meet the following exclusion criteria: the duplicative papers, get out of the keywords and scope and not in english or korean language. Finally we found 17 papers and classified the papers according to the three search purposes which were diagnostic tools for evaluating the menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea' pattern identification and menstrual phase. Out of the 16 studies, 4 studies were focused on the diagnostic tools including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Measurement of Menstrual Pain (MMP) and etc. Other 5 studies were aimed at menstrual phase, and the other 7 studies were studied for pattern identification. The VAS has been widely used in research and in clinical practice for the detection of the menstrual pain. Treatments for patients with primary dysmenorrhea can be prescribed in consideration of their patterns of sasang constitution or body constitution as following: Qi stagnation-Blood deficiency, cold dampness, Qi deficiency-blood deficiency and liver-kidney deficiency etc. This results of research will be used as a useful material during plan a clinical study of primary dysmenorrhea and acquisition of good clinical data.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.95-124
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• 2012

Referring to Buyer's obligations, the Buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract. There are vital importances to the Buyer's Fundamental Breach. The legal effects of a breach of contract do not depend on the nature of the obligation broken, but on the consequences of the breach the detriment to the other party. The obligations mentioned to Article 53 are primary obligations which are to be fulfilled in the normal performance of the contract. They include a number of different acts which could be seen as the subject-matter of different obligations. CISG gives further details for the payment of the price in Articles 54 to 59 and for taking delivery in Article 60. The buyer has to take delivery at the respective place within a reasonable period after this communication since he cannot be required to take delivery immediately. Refusing to take delivery in case of delay not constituting a ground for avoiding the contract makes no sense, since this would lead to even later delivery. For the understanding of Buyer's Fundamental Breach, We need to search the Cases referring to the breach of buyer's main obligations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2018

Significant research efforts were undertaken to evaluate seismic performance of vertically irregular buildings on flat ground. However, there is scarcity of study on seismic performance of buildings on hill slopes. The present study attempts to investigate seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete irregular stepback building frames with different configurations on sloping ground. Based on extensive regression study of free vibration results of four hundred seventeen frames with varying ground slope, number of story and span number, a modification is proposed to the code based empirical fundamental time period estimation formula. The modification to the fundamental time period estimation formula is a simplified function of ground slope and a newly introduced equivalent height parameter to reflect the effect of stiffness and mass irregularity. The derived empirical formula is successfully validated with various combinations of slope and framing configurations of buildings. The correlation between the predicted and the actual time period obtained from the free vibration analysis results are in good agreement. The various statistical parameters e.g., the root mean square error, coefficient of determination, standard average error generally used for validation of such regression equations also ensure the prediction capability of the proposed empirical relation with reasonable accuracy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.1617-1628
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• 2017

In the passive residual heat removal system of a molten salt reactor, one of the residual heat removal methods is to use the thimble-type heat transfer elements of the drain salt tank to remove the residual heat of fuel salts. An experimental loop is designed and built with a single heat transfer element to analyze the heat transfer and flow characteristics. In this research, the influence of the size of a three-layer thimble-type heat transfer element on the heat transfer rate is analyzed. Two methods are used to obtain the heat transfer rate, and a difference of results between methods is approximately 5%. The gas gap width between the thimble and the bayonet has a large effect on the heat transfer rate. As the gas gap width increases from 1.0 mm to 11.0 mm, the heat transfer rate decreases from 5.2 kW to 1.6 kW. In addition, a natural circulation startup process is described in this paper. Finally, flashing natural circulation instability has been observed in this thimble-type heat transfer element.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2012

In this presentation I will review the expanding thermal plasma chemical vapour deposition (ETP-CVD) technology, a deposition technology capable of reaching ultrahigh deposition rates. High rate deposition of a-Si:H, ${\mu}c$-Si:H, a-SiNx:H and silicon nanocrystals will be discussed and their various applications, mainly for photovoltaic applications demonstrated. An important aspect over the years has been the fundamental investigation of the growth mechanism of these films. The various in situ (plasma) and thin film diagnostics, such as Langmuir probes, retarding field analyzer, (appearance potential) mass spectrometry and cavity ring absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry to name a few, which were successfully applied to measure radical and ion density, their temperature and kinetic energy and their reactivity with the growth surface. The insights gained in the growth mechanism provided routes to novel applications of the ETP-CVD technology, such as the ultrahigh high growth rate of silicon nanorystals and surface passivation of c-Si surfaces.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.217-232
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• 2000

In this study, I investigate the role of post-consonantal fundamental frequency (F0) as a cue for automatic distinction of types of Korean stops and affricates. Rather than examining data obtained by restricting contexts to a minimum to prevent the interference of irrelevant factors, a relatively natural speaker independent speech corpus is analysed. Automatic and statistical approaches are adopted to annotate data, to minimise speaker variability, and to evaluate the results. In spite of possible loss of information during those automatic analyses, statistics obtained suggest that vowel F0 is a useful cue for distinguishing manners of articulation of Korean non-continuant obstruents having the same place of articulation, especially of lax and aspirated stops and affricates. On the basis of the statistics, automatic classification is attempted over the relevant consonants in a specific context where the micro-prosodic effects appear to be maximised. The results confirm the usefulness of this effect in application for Korean phone recognition.