• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2002

To understand plant-pathogen interactions, a complete set of hot pepper genes differentially expressed against pathogen attack was isolated. As an initial step, hundreds of differentially expressed cDNAS were isolated from hot pepper leaves showing non-host resistance against bacterial plant pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) using differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDDRT-PCR) technique. Reverse Northern and Northern blot analyses revealed that 50% of those genes were differentially expressed in pepper loaves during non-host resistance response. Among them, independent genes without redundancy were micro-arrayed for further analysis. Random EST sequence database were also generated from various CDNA libraries including pepper tissue specific libraries and leaves showing non-host hypersensitive response against X. campestris pv. glycines. As a primary stage, thousands of cDNA clones were sequenced and EST data were analyzed. These clones are being spotted on glass slide to study the expression profiling. Results of this study may further broaden knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of climate change cognition on clothing behavior of fashion consumers to understand the impact of climate change on the fashion system. An online survey was conducted of 385 people in their 20s-50s working in the fashion industry as well as general consumers. Data collected from surveys were analyzed by factor analysis and t-test. Results are as follow: First, climate change cognition consists of four sub-dimensions, which are 'knowledge of climate change' and 'recognition of climate change in Korea'. Second, clothing behavior related with climate change consists of six sub-dimensions, which are 'environmentally-friendly fashion purchases', 'new clothes-wearing style affected by climate change', 'ethical fashion consumption', 'pursuit of functional fashion', 'pursuit of seasonless fashion', and 'clothes-wearing in response to climate change.' Last, the group with higher cognition of climate change than the group with lesser cognition had significantly higher degree of trying new styles created because of climate change, making ethical fashion purchases, pursuing functional fashion, and wearing clothes in response to climate change.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.64-72
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• 2012

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine whether a passive stretch stimulus by means of a functional appliance induces changes in the fiber composition of masticatory muscles and whether these changes are similar to the changes in stretched limb muscle fibers by using RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical assays. Methods: Five male New Zealand White rabbits were fitted with a prefabricated inclined plane on the maxillary central incisors to force the mandible forward (- 2 mm) and downward (- 4 mm). Further, 1 hind limb was extended and constrained with a cast so that the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was stretched when the animal used the limb. The animals were sacrificed aft er 1 week and the masseter, lateral pterygoid, and EDL were processed and compared with those from control animals (n = 3). Results: The stretched EDL had a significantly higher percentage of slow fibers, whereas the stretched masticatory muscles did not show changes in the composition of the major contractile proteins aft er 7 days. Conclusions: The transition of fiber phenotypes in response to a stretch stimulus may take longer in the masticatory muscles than in the limb muscles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 1995

A Comprehensive Vibration Assessment Program (CVAP) has been performed for Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4 (YGN 4) in order to verify the structural integrity of the reactor internals for flow induced vibrations prior to commercial operation. The theoretical evidence for the structural integrity of the reactor internals and the basis for measurement and inspection are provided by the analysis. Flow induced hydraulic loads and reactor internals vibration response data were measured during pre-core hot functional testing in YGN 4 site. Also, the critical areas in the reactor internals were inspected visually to check any existence of structural abnormality before and after the pre-core hot functional testing. Then, the measured data have been analyzed and compared with the predicted data by analysis. The measured stresses are less than the predicted values and the allowable limits. It is concluded that the vibration response of the reactor internals due to the flow induced vibration under normal operation is acceptable for long term operation.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.297-305
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• 2015

AFLS (Adaptive front lighting System) is being applied to improve safety in driving automotive at night. Safe embedded system for controlling head-lamp has to be tightly designed by considering safety requirement of hardware-dependent software, which is embedded in automotive ECU(Electronic Control Unit) hardware under severe environmental noise. In this paper, we propose an adaptive headlight controller with newly-designed symmetric angle sensor compensator, which is integrated with ECU-based adaptive front light system. The proposed system, on which additional backup hardware and emergency control algorithm are integrated, effectively detects abnormal situation and restore safe status of controlling the light-angle in AFLS operations by comparing result in symmetric angle sensor. The controlled angle value is traced into internal memory in runtime and will be continuously compared with the pre-defined lookup table (LUT) with symmetric angle value, which is used in normal operation. The watch-dog concept, which is based on using angle sensor and control-value tracer, enables quick response to restore safe light-controlling state by performing the backup sequence in emergency situation.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2021

In this paper, the sensing characteristics of a double cladding fiber (DCF) long-period fiber grating (LPFG) to the surrounding refractive index (SRI) are studied. The outer cladding of the DCF plays the role of the overlay, thus, the mode transition (MT) phenomenon of DCF can be induced by etching the outer cladding radius instead of coating overlays. The response characteristics of the effective refractive index (ERI) of the cladding mode to the outer cladding radius are analyzed. It is found that in the MT range, the change rate of ERIs of cladding modes is relatively larger than that for other ranges. Further, based on the features of the mode transition region (MTR), the phase-matching curve of the 11^th cladding mode is investigated, and the response of the DCF-LPFG to the SRI is characterized by the change of wavelength intervals between the dual peaks under different outer cladding radii. The numerical simulation results show that the SRI sensitivity is greatly improved, which is available to 3484.0 nm/RIU with the fitting degree 0.998 in the SRI range of 1.33-1.37. The proposed DCF-LPFG can provide new theoretical support for designing the DCF-LPFG refractive index sensor with excellent performances of sensitivity, linearity and structure.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.357-363
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• 2021

We developed a chemiresistive anion sensor using highly conductive carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) functionalized with anion receptors. Mechanically robust CNTFs were prepared via wet-spinning utilizing the nematic liquid crystal properties of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). For anion detection, polymeric receptors composed of dual-hydrogen bond donors, including thiourea 1, squaramide 2, and croconamide 3, were prepared and bonded non-covalently on the surface of the CNTFs. The binding affinities of the anion receptors were studied using UV-vis titrations. The results revealed that squaramide 2 exhibited the highest binding affinity toward AcO^-, followed by thiourea 1 and croconamide 3. This trend was consistent with the chemiresistive sensing responses toward AcO^- using functional CNTFs. Selective anion sensing properties were observed that CNTFs functionalized with squaramide 2 exhibited a response of 1.08% toward 33.33 mM AcO^-, while negligible responses (<0.1%) were observed for other anions such as Cl^-, Br^-, and NO₃^-. The improved response was attributed to the internal charge transfer of dual-hydrogen bond donors owing to the deprotonation of the receptor upon the addition of AcO^-.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

Cold stress is one of the most vulnerable environmental stresses that affect plant growth and crop yields. With the recent advancements in genetic approaches using Arabidopsis and other model systems, genes involved in cold-stress response have been identified and the key cold signaling factors have been characterized. Exposure to low-temperature stress triggers the activation of a set of genes known as cold regulatory (COR) genes. This activation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the resistance of plants to cold and freezing stress. The inducer of the C-repeatbinding factor (CBF) expression 1-CBF module (ICE1-CBF module) is a key cold signaling pathway regulator that enhances the expression of downstream COR genes; however, this signaling module in Panax ginseng remains elusive. Here, we identified cold-signaling-related genes, PgCBF1, PgCBF3, and PgICE1 and conducted functional genomic analysis with a heterologous system. We confirmed that the overexpression of cold- PgCBF3 in the cbf1/2/3 triple Arabidopsis mutant compensated for the cold stress-induced deficiency of COR15A and salt-stress tolerance. In addition, nuclearlocalized PgICE1 has evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites that are modulated by brassinsteroid insensitive 2 (PgBIN2) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 3 (PgSnRK3), with which it physically interacted in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overall, our data reveal that the regulators identified in our study, PgICE1 and PgCBFs, are evolutionarily conserved in the P. ginseng genome and are functionally involved in cold and abiotic stress responses.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1986

Clinically, subhypnotic doses of barbiturates have been known to elicit hyperalgesia. In this experiment, effect of acute or chronic phenobarital treatment on the response to pain in rat was reevaluated by hot-plate method. To elucidate its mechanism, changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and [3H]-morphine binding of the rat midbrain as well as functional opiate receptor in vas deferens were also measured. Intraperitoneal injection of sub anesthetic dose phenobarbital induced initial hyperalgesia followed by successive analgesia, while chronic phenobarbital-treatment decreased reactivity to pain. Naloxone (10mg/kg, i.p.) markedly shortened hot plate latency period, and significantly inhibited the analgesic action of phenobarbital. Single dose of phenobarbital did not affect ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and [3H]-morphine binding in rat mid brain, but in the chronic phenobarbital-treated groups, ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents was increased, while Bmax of opiate receptor binding was decreased. Moreover, very significant correlations among responses to pain, changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and opiate receptor binding were observed. However, Kd values of opiate receptor bindings were not changed in all preparations. In the chronic phenobarbital-treated vas deferens preparations, ID50 of morphine was increased witb concomittant decrease of maximum effect. But $pA_2 $, value for naloxone was not changed. From these results, it is suggested that phenobarbital can produce analgesia due to changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents as well as functional opiate receptors by receptor regulation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.372-379
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• 2020

Snow fungus (Tremella fuciformis) with functional contents has satisfactory effects on various diseases, including atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, healthy skin, cancer, diabetes, and anti-inflammation. In this study, the extraction yield and functional contents (ergothioneine and 𝛽-glucan) of white jelly fungus were compared based on the extraction conditions using response surface methodology. Results revealed the extraction conditions for optimization of the dependent variables to be 60℃ and 4.33 h, when 16.6 mg/mL of sample concentration was used. Under these conditions, the extraction yield was 24.9%, including ergothioneine (66.8 ㎍/g) and 𝛽-glucan (34.9 g/100 g). These results can be useful in understanding the functional ingredients and mass extraction process in mushroom.