• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.512-527
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• 2018

This review provides a comprehensive overview of brain imaging studies of the brain-gut interaction in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Functional neuroimaging studies during gut stimulation have shown enhanced brain responses in regions related to sensory processing of the homeostatic condition of the gut (homeostatic afferent) and responses to salience stimuli (salience network), as well as increased and decreased brain activity in the emotional response areas and reduced activation in areas associated with the top-down modulation of visceral afferent signals. Altered central regulation of the endocrine and autonomic nervous responses, the key mediators of the brain-gut axis, has been demonstrated. Studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging reported abnormal local and global connectivity in the areas related to pain processing and the default mode network (a physiological baseline of brain activity at rest associated with self-awareness and memory) in FGIDs. Structural imaging with brain morphometry and diffusion imaging demonstrated altered gray- and white-matter structures in areas that also showed changes in functional imaging studies, although this requires replication. Molecular imaging by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography in FGIDs remains relatively sparse. Progress using analytical methods such as machine learning algorithms may shift neuroimaging studies from brain mapping to predicting clinical outcomes. Because several factors contribute to the pathophysiology of FGIDs and because its population is quite heterogeneous, a new model is needed in future studies to assess the importance of the factors and brain functions that are responsible for an optimal homeostatic state.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.579-591
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 소셜 미디어 이용자의 기대가치 구성 요소를 타당성 있게 유목화 하여, 소셜 미디어 이용자들에 대한 이해를 높이고, 그들과의 소통의 효율성을 제고하기 위한 전략적, 관리적 토대를 구축하는데 있다. 선행 연구로서의 2차 자료 검토, 질적 조사로서의 심층 인터뷰, 양적 조사로서의 사전조사와 본조사가 실시되었다. 연구 결과, 소셜 미디어 이용자의 기대가치는 실용적, 쾌락적, 관계적, 자아 확인적, 윤리 법제적, 시스템 기능적, 참여적, 자기 과시적, 자기 숨김적 관점으로 범주화 되었다. 본 연구의 의의는, 학제적 융합적 측면에서 볼 때, 커뮤니케이션, 심리, 마케팅, 미디어 등 관련 분야를 통합적으로 조망하고 있다는 점, 실용적 측면에서, 소셜 미디어 이용자의 기대가치를 세분화, 유목화 하여 정리하였다는 점, 전략적 측면에서, 향후 소셜 미디어 이용자의 태도를 예측, 확인, 관리할 수 있는 토대 구축에 기여하고 있다는 점이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 향후, 구축된 기대가치 구성 요인을 변인으로 한, 소셜 미디어 소비자 태도 연구와, 이를 바탕으로 한 미디어 효과 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2006

Organic and inorganic hybrid nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) and silica nanoparticles were prepared by a melt blending process. In particular, polymer nanocomposites consisting mostly of cheap conventional polyesters with very small quantities of inorganic nanoparticles are of great interest from an industrial perspective. The crystallization behavior of PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites depended significantly on silica content and crystallization temperature. The activation energy of crystallization for PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites was decreased by incorporating a small quantity of silica nanoparticles. Double melting behavior was observed in PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites, and the equilibrium melting temperature decreased with increasing silica content. The fold surface free energy of PEN/silica hybrid nanocomposites decreased with increasing silica content. The work of chain folding (q) for PEN was estimated as $7.28{\times}10^{-20}J$ per molecular chain fold, while the q values for the PEN/silica 0.9 hybrid nanocomposite was $3.71{\times}10^{-20}J$, implying that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles lowers the work required to fold the polymer chains.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2017

표는 수학적 이해를 돕는 표현의 하나로 수학과 교육과정에서 지속적으로 제시되지만, 표에 초점을 맞추어 학생들의 함수적 사고를 이해하는데 표가 어떻게 사용될 수 있는지 알아본 연구가 드물다. 본 연구는 함수적 사고의 관점에서 초등학교 5학년 학생들의 함수표 이해가 어느 정도인지를 표 만들기, 관계 서술하기, 관계식 표현하기로 나누어 분석하였다. 연구 결과 약 75%의 학생들이 평균적으로 표 만들기를 할 수 있었는데 이 때 제시된 정보만을 이용하여 가로형의 표를 창안하는 학생들의 비율이 가장 높았다. 또한 서술형에 비하여 기하패턴 문항을 해결하는데 학생들이 어려움을 드러냈다. 본 연구를 통하여 학생들이 '함수표'로서 표를 사용할 수 있는 지도 방향에 대한 시사점을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.180-194
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• 2010

Coastal sand dunes are dynamic and fragile buffer zones of sand and vegetation where the following three characteristics can be found: large quantities of sand, persistent wind capable of moving sand, and suitable locations for sand to accumulate. The functional properties of coastal sand dunes include the roles in sand storage, underground freshwater storage, coastal defense, and ecological environment space, among others. Recently, however, the integrity of coastal dune systems has been threatened by development, including sand extraction for the construction industry, military usage, conversion to golf courses, the building of seawalls and breakwaters, and recreational facility development. In this paper, we examined the development mechanisms and structural/format types of coastal sand dunes, as well as their functions and value from the perspective of coastal engineering based on reviews of previous researches and a case study of a small coastal sand dune in the Nakdong river estuary. Existing data indicate that there are a total of 133 coastal sand dunes in South Korea, 43 distributed on the East Sea coast (32 in the Gangwon area, and 11 in Gyeongsangbuk-do), 60 on the West Sea coast (4 in Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, 42 in Ghungcheongnam-do, 9 in Jellabuk-do, and 5 in Jellanam-do), and 30 on the South Sea coast (16 in Jellanam-do, 2 in Gyeongsangnam-do, and 12 in Jeju).

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.348-358
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activation pattern and functional connectivity network during experimental design on the biological phenomena. Twenty six right-handed healthy science teachers volunteered to be in the present study. To investigate participants' brain activities during the tasks, 3.0T fMRI system with the block experimental-design was used to measure BOLD signals of their brain and SPM2 software package was applied to analyze the acquired initial image data from the fMRI system. According to the analyzed data, superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobule, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum were significantly activated during participants' carrying-out experimental design. The network model was consisting of six nodes (ROIs) and its six connections. These results suggested the notion that the activation and connections of these regions mean that experimental design process couldn't succeed just a memory retrieval process. These results enable the scientific experimental design process to be examined from the cognitive neuroscience perspective, and may be used as a basis for developing a teaching-learning program for scientific experimental design such as brain-based science education curriculum.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activation pattern and functional connectivity network during classification on the biological phenomena. Twenty six right-handed healthy science teachers volunteered to be in the present study. To investigate participants' brain activities during the tasks, 3.0T fMRI system with the block experimental-design was used to measure BOLD signals of their brain. According to the analyzed data, superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobule, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum were significantly activated during participants' carrying-out classification. The network model was consisting of six nodes (ROIs) and its fourteen connections. These results suggested the notion that the activation and connections of these regions mean that classification is consist of two sub-network systems (top-down and bottom-up related) and it functioning reciprocally. These results enable the examination of the scientific classification process from the cognitive neuroscience perspective, and may be used as basic materials for developing a teaching-learning program for scientific classification such as brain-based science education curriculum in the science classrooms.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2015

Background Insufficient satisfaction outcome literature exists to assist consultations for scar revision surgery; such outcomes should reflect the patient's perspective. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate scar revision patient satisfaction outcomes, according to specified patient-selection criteria. Methods Patients (250) were randomly selected for telephone contacting regarding scar revisions undertaken between 2007-2011. Visual analogue scores were obtained for scars pre- and post-revision surgery. Surgery selection criteria were; 'presence' of sufficient time for scar maturation prior to revision, technical issues during or wound complications from the initial procedure that contributed to poor scarring, and 'absence' of site-specific or patient factors that negatively influence outcomes. Patient demographics, scar pathogenesis (elective vs. trauma), underlying issue (functional/symptomatic vs. cosmetic) and revision surgery details were also collected with the added use of a real-time, hospital database. Results Telephone contacting was achieved for 211 patients (214 scar revisions). Satisfaction outcomes were '2% worse, 16% no change, and 82% better'; a distribution maintained between body sites and despite whether surgery was functional/symptomatic vs. cosmetic. Better outcomes were reported by patients who sustained traumatic scars vs. those who sustained scars by elective procedures (91.80% vs. 77.78%, P=0.016) and by females vs. males (85.52% vs. 75.36%, P<0.05), particularly in the elective group where males (36.17%) were more likely to report no change or worse outcomes versus females (16.04%) (P<0.01). Conclusions Successful scar revision outcomes may be achieved using careful patient selection. This study provides useful information for referring general practitioners, and patient-surgeon consultations, when planning scar revision.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-69
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 학생들이 일차함수의 활용단원을 학습할 때 여러 현상을 해석하고 다양한 수학적 표현을 사용하여 모델로 만들어 문제해결과정에 이를 적용할 수 있도록, 학생들의 표현에 대한 이전 경험과 현상을 해석하기 위한 표현 방법을 효과적으로 연결하는 학습-지도 방법을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 일차함수를 학습한 8학년 학생들을 대상으로 일차함수 단원을 예측과제, 번역과제, 해석과제, 척도과제로 세분화하여 각각에 대한 학생들의 오류를 분석한 다음, 일차함수의 활용 단원을 교과서 위주의 강의식 표현변환 학습, 모델링 관점에서의 표현변환 학습과 과제기반 표현변환 학습을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 강의식 학습 방법보다는 모델링 관점과 과제기반 학습이 표현변환의 유연한 연결성 및 일차함수에 대한 각 과제별 오류교정과 질적 함수에 대한 해석 능력에서 효과적이었다. 모델링 관점과 과제기반 학습의 경우는 모두 표현변환의 유연한 연결을 교수하는데 효과적이었으나, 질적 함수의 해석 능력에서는 모델링 관점의 학습이 보다 효과적이었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2022

본 연구는 행동경제학(Behavioral Economics) 관점을 적용하여 이용자들이 OTT 플랫폼을 지속적으로 이용함에 있어서 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하였다. OTT 이용자들이 실제 콘텐츠를 시청하고 플랫폼에서 제공하는 기능을 직접 경험한 후 만족을 느끼는 합리적 요인 외에도 '현상유지 편향(status quo bias)'에 의한 습관적 요인과 지인, 비용 등 상황에 따른 감정적, 심리적 요인도 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단했다. OTT 이용자들을 대상으로 한 심층 인터뷰와 선행 연구들을 통해 도출한 4가지 요인(콘텐츠 만족요인, 기능적 만족요인, 관성적 요인, 상황적 요인)에 대한 세부 문항을 구성하고, 국내 구독자 Top3 OTT 플랫폼(넷플릭스, 웨이브, 티빙)의 이용경험이 있는 전국의 20-40대 성인남녀 523명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과, '콘텐츠 만족요인'과 '기능적 만족요인', '관성적 요인'이 OTT 지속적 이용에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 중 '관성적 요인'은 국내 OTT 이용자들에게는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구는 OTT 서비스 이용자들을 완전한 합리성을 갖춘 존재로 전제했던 기존의 선행연구들과는 다르게 제한적 합리성을 함께 고려하여 OTT 지속적 이용 행위에 대한 설명의 범위를 넓혔다는 의의를 가진다.