• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 1984

There is a symbolic term which has realized custom of an era and has eome into fashion since the middle of 1920's. That is Garconne. This paper studied the image and costume of Garconne expressed in literary works, the form of art made it to come into being, and costume of a group of women played a role of pioneers of Garconne. Garconne attempted simple, casual, and mannish costume instead of usual elegance. It was the boiysh style($\`{a}$, la Garconne) which did not stress on the bust and waist like chanel suits used wool jersey by a designer, Chanel ana short skirts of low waist line. They got short haircut and wore low heel shoes. Garconne meant women who were free of convention, were familiar with love a d profession, and lived for themselves in the same manner of young men. They yieled new mode of 1920's. Though their lives were only a period, they manifested the symbol of the period though their figure and designation was not disappeared at the age but was settled as a mark of fixed image. There were several reasons why the Garconne was born. Rapid changes in politics, economics, and society in Europe were occurred from the First World War to 1920 and the trend of custom and art was a turning point. Especially, the entry of women into the society and the mode of Art Deco influenced it directly. The role of a pioneer of Garconne was appeared from the French Revolution. As Merveilleuse, Lionne, and Bloomers wore peculiar clothings ana had life style being irrelevant to tradition, they were talked about. They informed in advance the appearance of new women who were different from romantic ladies and were more modern and active. The pioneer design of Paul Poiret which were over whelming throughout a period and functional design of Chanel were increasingly accelerated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.3507-3511
• /
• 2014

Background: The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] is an enzyme induced by proinflammatory stimuli that is often overexpressed in malignant tissue and involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, regulators of processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis, all relevant for cancer development. We investigated whether a functional genetic polymorphism, rs5277, in COX-2 may have a risk-modifying effect on sporadic colorectal cancer in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 167 patients with colorectal cancer and 197 cancer-free controls in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2007 and 2011. Peripheral blood samples of both groups were processed for DNA extraction and genotyping of the COX-2 gene polymorphism (rs5277) using PCR-RFLP. RFLP results were confirmed by direct sequencing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: There was no significant difference in the distribution of COX-2 gene rs5277 polymorphism genotype and the allelic form, among CRC patients compared with the healthy control group (p: 0.867). Conclusions: Our results suggest that rs5277 polymorphism in COX2 could not be a good prognostic indicator for patients with CRC.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.969-976
• /
• 2015

Macroalgal community structure was seasonally examined at Hakampo (Taean) in western coast of Korea from February 2007 to October 2010. Also, the effects of "Hebei Spirit" oil spill on the seaweed community structure were evaluated. A total of 101 macroalgal species were identified, comprising 12 green, 18 brown and 71 red algae. Species richness ranged 58-65 species with maximal in 2008 and minimal in 2009. Seaweed biomass ranged $75.81-102.06g\;dry\;wt./m^2$ (mean, $88.78g/m^2$) with maximal in 2008 and minimal in 2010. Vertical distribution from the high to low intertidal zone was Neorhodomela aculeata and Polyopes affinis; Corallina pilulifera and Chondrus ocellatus; Sargassum thunbergii and Ulva australis. Coarsely-branched seaweeds comprised the highest proportion of biomass ($37.17g/m^2$, or 41.86% of the total biomass) and ecological state group I (ESG I) seaweed biomass was between 81.67-85.44%. Also, ephemeral macroalgae including Ulva species sharply increased in species number and biomass within 1-2 year from the "Hebei Sprit" oil spill in the mid and low intertidal zone. Hakampo rocky shore is still good condition as evaluated based on macroalgal species number, biomass, and composition in functional form and ESG I seaweeds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.2325-2332
• /
• 2012

A series $[C_3Omim]$[X] of imidazolium cation-based ILs, with ether functional group on the alkyl side-chain have been synthesized and structure of the materials were confirmed by various techniques like $^1H$, $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy, MS-ESI, FTIR spectroscopy and EA. More specifically, the influence of changing the anion with same cation is carried out. The absorption capacity of $CO_2$ for ILs were evaluated at 30 and $50^{\circ}C$ at ambient pressure (0-1.6 bar). Ether functionalized ILs shows significantly high absorption capacity for $CO_2$. In general, the $CO_2$ absorption capacity of ILs increased with a rise in pressure and decreased when temperature was raised. The obtained results showed that absorption capacity reached about 0.9 mol $CO_2$ per mol of IL at $30^{\circ}C$. The most probable mechanism of interaction of $CO_2$ with ILs were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy and result shows that the absorption of $CO_2$ in ether functionalized ILs is a chemical process. The $CO_2$ absorption results and detailed study indicates the predominance of 1:1 mechanism, where the $CO_2$ reacts with one IL to form a carbamic acid. The $CO_2$ absorption capacity of ILs for different anions follows the trend: $BF_4$ < DCA < $PF_6$ < TfO < $Tf_2N$. Moreover, the as-synthesized ILs is selective, thermally stable, long life operational and can be recycled at a temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ or under vacuum and can be used repeatedly.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2022

Objective: Jowiseunggi-tang (JWSGT) is a traditional herbal medicine commonly used for purgative activity in constipation. This study evaluates JWSGT for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC), the most common and debilitating gastrointestinal effect of opioid use. Methods: A 64-year-old man with floor of mouth cancer was hospitalized for OIC, and JWSGT was administered orally twice a day for 10 days, along with acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping. The primary outcome measures were defecation type according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) and the frequency of bowel movements. The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) were used as secondary measures. Results: After three days of JWSGT administration, spontaneous bowel movements were observed two to three times per week with improved BSFS from type 2 to 4. A reduction in BFI score (8.7 to 2.0) and an increase in FACT-G score (44.3 to 59.0) suggested an improvement in fatigue level and quality of life. Conclusion: This is the first report to assess the efficacy of JWSGT for the management of OIC in patients with cancer, and JWSGT may be an effective option to improve symptoms and quality of life in this group.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2009

The thermochromism of fluoran has been examined. The DCF exists as a colorless lactone in aprotic solvents. However, the DCF exists in the form of an equilibrium mixture of a colored zwitter-ion and a colorless lactone in protic solvents. When an acid is added to the solution, the DCF exists an equilibrium mixture as a colorless lactone and a colored cation even in aprotic solvents. In order to understand the interaction between the DCF and the solvent, absorption spectra of the DCF in various solvents were measured. The thermodynamic parameters of the DCF have also been investigated. From the variation of absorbance with temperature, the standard enthalpy changes ${\Delta}H^0$ of the equilibrium between the lactone and the zwitter-ion in various solvents have been determined. The standard enthalpy change ${\Delta}H^0$ is approximately -2.0 kJ/mol in protic solvents. In acidic solution, the standard enthalpy change is measured to be to zero in protic solvents within the experimental error. When the carboxylic group is protonated in acidic solution, a poor interaction between the dye and the solvent is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.12
• /
• pp.1720-1725
• /
• 2011

Aspartic acid chelated iron (Asp-Fe) was synthesized by a new method using calcium carbonate, aspartic acid, and ferrous sulfate. This study was carried out to investigate the bioavailability of Asp-Fe in iron-deficient rats. We divided the rats into four experimental groups. The first was the normal diet control group, or NC. The second was the no treated control group of iron-deficient (ID) rats, or ID+C. The third was the heme-iron (heme-Fe) treated group of ID rats, ID+heme-Fe. And the fourth was the Asp-Fe treated group of ID rats, or ID+Asp-Fe. There were no differences among any of the experimental groups in diet consumption, change of body weight, or the weight of the livers, kidneys, or spleens. After 7 days of feeding, the iron content in the sera of the ID+Asp-Fe group (175.2 ${\mu}g$/dL) and the ID+heme-Fe group (140.8 ${\mu}g$/dL) were significantly higher than that of the ID-C group (96.1 ${\mu}g$/dL). The total iron binding capacity (TIBC) of the ID+Asp-Fe group (735.4 ${\mu}g$/dL) was significantly normalized compared to the ID+C group (841.9 ${\mu}g$/dL) or ID+heme-Fe group (824.6 ${\mu}g$/dL). The hematocrit level of the ID+Asp-Fe group was increased to normal levels, but there was no statistical difference among ID groups. The absorption ratio of heme-Fe was 21.3% and that of Asp-Fe was 50.2%, which indicates a 2.3 times higher ratio in comparison with heme iron. With the above results we found that Asp-Fe seems to be an efficient form of iron to supply iron deficient rats in order to cure them of anemia. Thus, these findings suggest that aspartic acid chelated iron has the potential to serve as a functional food related to iron metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.200-205
• /
• 1997

Surface of polyethylene film was modified by ion assisted reaction in which ion beam is irradiated on polymer in reactive gas environments. Ion (argon and oxygen) beam energy was 1 keV, doses were varied from $1{\times}10^{14}$ to $1{\times}10^{17}$ inons/ $\textrm{cm}^2$, and amount of blowing oxygen from 0 to 4 sccm(ml/min). Wettability was measured by water contact angle measurement, and the surface functionality was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The contact angles of water to polyethylene modified by oxygen ion beam only decrease from 95 to degrees, and surface energy was not changed much. The contact angles remarkably decrease to 28 degrees and surface energy increase to 67 erg/ $\textrm{cm}^2$ when the films were modified by argon ion with various ion doses with blowing oxygen gases near the polyethylene surface. Improvement of wettability and surface energy are mainly due to the new functional group formation such as C-O or C=O, which are known as hydrophilic groups from the XPS analysis, and the assisted reaction is very effective to attach oxygen atoms to form functional groups on C-C bond chains of polyethylene.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2006

ERM proteins transfer the methyl group to $A_{2058}$ in 23S rRNA to confer the resistance to MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotics on microorganism ranging from antibiotic producers to pathogens. To define the functional role of peptide segment encompassing amino acid residues 1 to 25 in NTER (N-terminal end region) of ErmSF, one of the ERM proteins, DNA fragment encoding mutant protein deprived of that peptide was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli to obtain a purified soluble form protein to the apparent homogeneity in the yield of 12.65 mg per liter of culture. The in vitro activity of mutant protein was found to be 85% compared to wild type ErmSF, suggesting that this peptide interact with substrate to affect the enzyme activity. This diminished activity of mutant protein caused the delayed expression of antibiotic resistance in vivo, that at fIrst cells expressing mutant protein showed the retarded growth due to the antibiotic action but with time cells inhibited by antibiotic gradually recovered the viability to exert the resistance to the same extent as those with wild type protein.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.868-874
• /
• 2016

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 are members of the serine or threonine protein kinase superfamily that phosphorylates the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine through the highly conserved kinase region. The RIPK family plays a crucial role not only in inflammation and innate immunity, but also in mediating programmed cell death, such as apoptosis and necroptosis. The interaction between RIPK1 and other TNFR1-related proteins has been shown to assemble a signaling complex I that controls activation of the pro-survival transcription factor NF-κB upon binding of cytokines to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Moreover, RIPK1 and RIPK3 interact through their RIP homotypic interaction motifs (RHIMs) to mediate programmed necrosis, which has long been considered an accidental and uncontrolled cell death form with morphological characteristics differing from those of apoptosis. Highly conserved sequences of RHIM in RIPK1 and RIPK3 were shown to regulate their binary interaction, leading to assembly of a cytosolic amyloid complex termed the “necrosome”. The necrosome also contains mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which has been found recently to be a substrate of RIPK3 to mediate downstream signaling. This review provides an overview of the functional and physiological characteristics of RIPKs and MLKL in TNF signaling.