• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.467-482
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• 2021

Purpose: The main theme of this study is to determine the optimal control limit of conditional variance investigation by mathematical approach. According to the determination approach of control limit presented in this study, it is possible with only one parameter to calculate the control limit necessary for budgeting control system or standard costing system, in which the limit could not be set in advance, that's why it has the advantage of high practical application. Methods: This study followed the analytical methodology in terms of the decision model of information economics, Bayesian probability theory and Taguchi's quality loss function concept. Results: The function suggested by this study is as follows; ${\delta}{\leq}\frac{3}{2}(k+1)+\frac{2}{\frac{3}{2}(k+1)+\sqrt{\{\frac{3}{2}(k+1)\}^2}+4$ Conclusion: The results of this study will be able to contribute not only in practice of variance investigation requiring in the standard costing and budgeting system, but also in all fields dealing with variance investigation differences, for example, intangible services quality control that are difficult to specify tolerances (control limit) unlike tangible product, and internal information system audits where materiality standards cannot be specified unlike external accounting audits.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2014

Counting processes are widely used in many fields, whose properties are determined by the intensity function. For estimation of the parameters of the intensity functions when the process is observed continuously over a fixed interval, the likelihood function is of interest. However in the literature there are only heuristic derivations and some results are not coincident. We thus in this note derive the likelihood function of the counting process in a rigorous way. So this note fill up a hole in derivation of the likelihood function.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.327-336
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• 2006

The odds ratio is used for assessing the disease-exposure association, because epidemiological data for case-control of cohort studies are often summarized into 2 ${\times}$ 2 tables. In this paper we define the odds ratio function(ORF) that extends odds ratio used on discrete survival event data to continuous survival time data and propose estimation procedures with censored data. The first one is a nonparametric estimator based on the Nelson-Aalen estimator of comulative hazard function, and the others are obtained using the concept of empirical odds ratio. Asymptotic properties such as consistency and weak convergence results are also provided. The ORF provides a simple interpretation and is comparable to survival function or comulative hazard function in comparing two groups. The mean square errors are investigated via Monte Carlo simulation. The result are finally illustrated using the Melanoma data.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.3-8
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• 1998

This paper considers factory simulation based on shipbuilding CIM in which a computer integrated design and manufacturing system is considered. The author proposes the product model and several alterative functions for designing ship's structure, and develop a ship definition system for computer integrated design and manufacturing. This implemented system is called SODAS (System Of Design and Assembly for Shipbuilding). Object oriented concept is used to develop this system. As well as the product model, the design function cutting function, and virtual assembling function are introduced. By using the design function, any type of ship's structure can be designed. And also factory simulation can be carried out by using the cutting function and virtual assembling function.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of self-differentiation, family function and mental health among adolescents. Methods: The data were collected from 967 adolescents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. Results: Mental health differed according to grades, sibling position, father's education and mother's education. Self-differentiation and family function had a significant negative correlation with mental health. Multiple regression analysis showed recognition.emotional function, emotional cutoff and family projection as influencing self-differentiation. Grades, affective responsiveness in family function, and sibling position explained 20.8% of the total variance in mental health. Conclusion: The findings show that self-differentiation and family function influence mental health, indicating a need to develop nursing intervention programs to enhance adolescents' mental health and prevent negative outcomes. For these programs, the family must be included.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2005

Non-invasive evaluation of cardiac function by nuclear medicine technologies are one of the major contribution of nuclear medicine. Gated cardiac blood pool scan was once a novel and robust technique which enabled evaluation of ventricular function. Concept of EKG gating was one of the major breakthrough in nuclear cardiology. According to the evolution of echocardiographic techniques, and as the evaluation of myocardial perfusion by perfusion SPECT became feasible, number of gated blood pool study dong in nuclear medicine laboratory is declining. And recently, evaluation of ventricular function with gated perfusion SPECT further decreased the use of gated blood pool scan. In this article, assessment of ventricular function using gated blood pool scan is discussed including some insight about the role of gated blood pool SPECT.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

In this study, we will develop and implement the teaching program of 'Function', on the subject of "Poster-Making utilizing the Graph Art" in the Math Camp for middle-school students. And we will examine the didactical significance through student's activities and products. The teaching program of 'Function' utilizing the Graph Art can be promoted self-directly the understanding of 'Function' concept and the ability for handling 'Function'. In the process of drawing up the graph art, in particular, this program help students to promote the ability for problem-solving and mathematical thinking, and to communicate mathematically and attain the his own level. Ultimately, this program have a positive influence upon cognitive and affective and areas with regard to mathematics.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2017

Social Welfare is useful concept for evaluating the effectiveness of an economic policy in micro economics. This paper focuses on Social Welfare(SW) of electricity market incorporating demand response(DR). Competition between DR and generation company is modeled as a simple bid function. DR function can be considered as an negative generation(called Negawatt) and as an element of modified demand function. These two approaches result in the same demand reduction, generation power, and the market price. However, SW in the modified demand function approach is not identical to SW in the Negawatt approach. It makes the numerical index of DR effectiveness less persuasive. This paper proposes modified definition of SW in the demand function approach. The proposed definition of SW leads the DR effectiveness index to be identical to that in the Negawatt approach.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2000

One of the hidden problems in a domain theory is that an agent does not understand the meaning of its action. Graphplan uses mutex to improve efficiency, but it does not understand negation and suffers from a redundancy problem. Introducing a negative function not in IPP partially helps to solve this kind of problem. However, using a negative function comes with its own price in terms of time and space. Observing that a human utilizes opposite concept to negate a fact based on MDL principle, we hypothesize that using a positive atom rather than a negative function to represent a negative fact is a more efficient technique for building an intelligent agent. We show empirical results supporting our hypothesis in IPP domains. To autonomously learn the human-like concept, we generate a cycle composed of opposite operators from a domain theory and extract opposite literals through experimenting with the operators.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.200-210
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• 2000

objective to ascertain whether the concept of the therapeutic side is associated with changes in the blind sport mapping that represents the brain function. design Physiological blind spot maps were used as an integer of brain activity before and after acupuncture needling on the meridian point Hapkok(合谷) and Techung(太衝) in the unilateral side decided by double-blind controlled study(20 subjects). setting outpatient clinic participants: adult volunteers intervention twenty subjects were divided into two comparative groups and underwent specific acupuncture therapy on the unilateral side. Blinded examiners obtained reproducible pre and post-acupuncture cortical maps, which were subjected to statistical analysis. main outcome measures Brain activity was demonstrated by reproducible circumferential measurements of cortical hemispheric blind spot maps before and after acupuncture on the unilateral side. in case of acupuncture needling on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged side of bilnd spot, there were reduction of blind spot in 7 cases of 10 subjects, and enlargement in 3 cases. in case of acupuncture needling on the contralateral side of the enlarged side of blind spot, there were enlargement of blind spot in 6 cases of 10 subjects, and reduction in 4 cases. results the significant changes in the blind spots before and after acupuncture were observed Acupuncture needlings on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of an enlarged cortical map were associated with the concept of the therapeutic side traditionally accepted in the oriental medical society. Acupuncture needling on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged blind spot map is associated with the reduction of map, and increaed contralateral cortical activity. Acupuncture needling on the side opposite an enlarged blind spot map is associated with the enlargement of map, and decreased cortical activity. conclusion Reproducible maps of cortical responses can be used to measure the neurological consequences of acupuncture needling. Acupuncture can affect the somatic sensory informations that reach to the contralateral thalamus, and so affect thalamic integration. we found that acupuncture therapy may be associated with an increase or a decrease in brain function depending on the side of acupuncture needling. thus, the traditional concept of the contralateral therapeutic theory in acupuncture approach has the clinical significance in the view of brain function.