• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.570-578
• /
• 2020

Rhizopus rot is a serious postharvest disease of various crops caused by Rhizopus spp. and controlled mainly by synthetic fungicides. We detected the antifungal activity of a culture extract of Setosphaeria rostrata F3736 against Rhizopus oryzae. The active ingredient was identified as moriniafungin, a known sordarin derivative, which showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1-8 ㎍/ml against Colletotrichum spp. and 0.03-0.13 ㎍/ml against Rhizopus spp. in vitro. Moriniafungin showed protective control efficacies against Rhizopus rot on apple and peach fruits. Treatment with 25 ㎍/ml moriniafungin delimited the lesion diameter significantly by 100% on R. oryzae-inoculated apple fruits compared with the non-treated control. Treatment with 0.04 ㎍/ml of moriniafungin reduced the lesion diameter significantly by 56.45%, and treatment with higher concentrations of 0.2-25 ㎍/ml reduced the lesion diameter by 70-90% on Rhizopus stolonifer var. stolonifer-inoculated peach fruit. These results suggest moriniafungin has potential as a control agent of postharvest diseases caused by Rhizopus spp.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.76-80
• /
• 2019

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of MeOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of nine compounds (1 - 9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR, as alpinetin (1), naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (2), naringenin (3), hesperetin (4), 2',4',6'-trihydroxy-4-methoxy chalcone (5), tsaokoin (6), boesenbergin B (7), 4-hydroxyboesenbergin B (8), and tsaokoarylone (9). Of these, compound 8 was isolated from a natural source for the first time, which was previously reported as a synthetic product. The isolated compounds (1 - 9) were tested for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, three chalcone derivatives (compounds 5, 7, and 8) and a diarylheptanoid (compound 9) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the NO production with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 10.9 to $22.5{\mu}M$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.427-436
• /
• 2012

Targeted therapy has been a very promising strategy of drug development research. Many molecular mechanims of diseases have been known to be regulated by abundance of proteins, such as receptors and hormones. Chemoprevention for treatment and prevention of diseases are continuously developed. Pre-clinical and clinical studies in chemoprevention field yielded many valuable data in preventing the onset of disease and suppressing the progress of their growth, making chemoprevention a challenging and a very rational strategy in future researches. Natural products being rich of flavonoids are those fruits belong to the genus citrus. Ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantiifolia peels showed anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, co-chemotherapeutic and estrogenic effects. Several examples of citrus flavonoids that are potential as chemotherapeutic agents are tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, and naringin. Those flavonoids have been shown to possess inhibition activity on certain cancer cells' growth through various mechanisms. Moreover, citrus flavonoids also perform promising effect in combination with several chemotherapeutic agents against the growth of cancer cells. Some mechanisms involved in those activities are through cell cycle modulation, antiangiogenic effect, and apoptosis induction.Previous studies showed that tangeretin suppressed the growth of T47D breast cancer cells by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. While in combination with tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and 5-FU, respectively, it was proven to be synergist on several cancer cells. Hesperidin and naringenin increased cytotoxicitity of doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells and HeLa cells. Besides, citrus flavonoids also performed estrogenic effect in vivo. One example is hesperidin having the ability to decrease the concentration of serum and hepatic lipid and reduce osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Those studies showed the great potential of citrus fruits as natural product to be developed as not only the source of co-chemotherapeutic agents, but also phyto-estrogens. Therefore, further study needs to be conducted to explore the potential of citrus fruits in overcoming cancer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2005

We examined whether extracts from 14 local citrus spp. on Jeju Island (Korea) contained chemosensitizing activity that would increase the cytotoxic effect of vincristine(VCR) in drug-resistant cancer cells. We report that methanol extracts from fruits and flowers of some species had a chemosensitizing effect that reversed P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Using drug-sensitive AML-2/WT and drug-resistant AML-2/D100 in the absence of VCR in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells we found that fruit or flower extracts alone generally had low cytotoxicity $(IC_{50}>200\;{\mu}g/ml)$. In studies examining the effect of extracts on 120 ng/ml VCR cytotoxicity in drug-resistant AML-2/D100 cells, we found that immature fruit extracts had greater chemosensitizing activity than either extracts from mature fruit or flower. Of the 14 species examined, the immature fruit extract from Inchangkyool (Citrus ichangiensis) showed the hishest chemosensitizing index(CI) valus. Immature fruit extracts of Hongkyool(C. tachibana), Byungkyool(C. platymamma), Cheongkyool(C. nippokoreana) and Jinkyool (C. sunki) also strongly potentiated VCR cytotoxicity in AML-2/D100 cells. The chemosensitizing effect of peel extracts was 2-10-fold that of whole fruit extracts from Hongkyool (C. tachibana), Byungkyool (C. platymamma) and Inchangkyool (C. inchangiensis). The CI values for flower extracts were higher than those for mature fruit extracts, but lower than those for immature fruit extracts. These results indicate that immature citrus fruits contain compounds that do not exert their activity solely through cytotoxicity. In particular, Incahngkyool (C. inchangiensis), Byungkyool(C.platymamma), Cheongkyool(C. nippokoreana) and Hongkyool (C. tahibana) may be useful sources of chemosensitizing compounds.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.232-235
• /
• 2003

To investigate effect of fruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on learning ability of ethanol-induced rats, we divided rats into 3 groups; normal, control and sample groups. Control group administered ethanol at a dose 3 g/kg bw. (25 v/v %), while sample group administered the water extract of fruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. 30 min. before treating same dose of ethanol as control group orally. All groups were subjected to trials of straight channel on the 1st day and to those of multiple T-maze during the following 3 days. The time required in normal group for the straight channel of the 2nd and the 3rd trials was significantly shorter than that of the 1st, while control group showed no significance. In the time required for the multiple T-maze trials of control group, there were no significance. But in the straight channel or multiple T-maze trials, the sample group showed significant decrease in the time required against control group, and also showed significant decrease in the number of selecting errors.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.109-112
• /
• 2015

Fruits of Rhus parviflora were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH), and the concentrated extract was partitioned using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. Purification of EtOAc fraction led to isolation of fifteen polyphenols of which structures were identified by spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR. Most compounds apart from compound 10 inhibited low density lipoproteinoxidation within $IC_{50}$ value of $10{\mu}M$. Among compounds, taxifolin (2), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (13), agathisflavone (5) sulfuretin (4), and aureusidin (3) showed $IC_{50}$ values 0.9, 0.8, 5.8, 2.9, and $2.4{\mu}M$ which were of highly significant in comparison positive control butylated hydroxytoluene with $IC_{50}$ value of $2.1{\mu}M$. The results indicate fruits of R. parviflora as a source of antihypercholesterolemic compounds.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 2016

The fruits of Morus alba L. were extracted with 80 % aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned into EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. The repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-butyl alcohol fractions led to isolation of two phenolic compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined as Diels-Alder type adducts, mulberrofuran E (1) and chalcomoracin (2) based on spectroscopic data analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of M. alba L. in this study.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.787-793
• /
• 2008

A major polyphenolic compound extracted from omija (Schisandra chinensis) fruit was structurally identified, and its composition of major nutrients was investigated as well in this study. A dominating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peak of water-extracted anthocyanin represented 94.1% of total absorbable compounds at 520 nm, which was further identified with HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS). As a result, mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the predominant anthocyanin was determined to be 727, and it was identical to molecular mass of cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside (Cya-3-O-xylrut). This is the first report that colorant of omija is predominantly composed of Cya-3-O-xylrut. Omija fruit contained exclusively 3 types of monosaccharide such as glucosc (0.68 g), galactose (0.01 g), and fructose (0.52 g) per 100 g of fruits. Several organic acids, citric (3.29 g), malic (1.4 g), acetic (0.4 g), and succinic acids (0.36 g) per 100 g of fruits, were detected by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) analysis. During the compositional analysis of tree amino acid by HPLC, it was noticed that omija fruit contained substantial amount (0.01 g/100 g of fruits) of $\gamma$-amino butyric acid (GABA).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.23 no.4 s.100
• /
• pp.443-451
• /
• 2007

In order to better understand the quality of Korean cactus, Opuntia humifusa, as the functional foodstuffs, it's seeds, stems and fruits were analyzed. In addition, we performed quality evaluation on cookies manufactured with cactus powder added. The results showed the soluble nitrogen-free component levels in the cactus to be very high. The highest component levels were crude fiber(48.75%) and crude fat(7.38%) in the seeds, crude ash(15.39%) in the stems, and moisture(11.26%) and crude protein(8.79%) in the fruits. The antioxidant activities of the cactus were evaluated based on peroxide values(POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS value), and electron donating ability(EDA) using the DPPH method. The POVs for soybean oil containing a 0.05% concentrated water extract from each part of the cactus revealed a remarkable antioxidant effects on peroxidation as storage time increased. The TBA values were 63.65% in BHT, 60.67% in the stems, 57.31% in the fruits and 49.16% in the seeds. The EDAs were 30.26% in the stems, 25.89% in the fruits, and 25.65% in the seeds. The total polyphenol contents of the water soluble materials from the cactus were 3.14 g/100 g in the fruits, 2.93 g in the stems and 2.11 g in the seeds. For the cookies, as the amounts of fruit and stem powder increased, the spreadness was significantly lowered, but moisture content was increased compared to the control. The color degree of the cookies changed from dim to intense as more fruit powder was added, resulting from a decrease in the L- and b-values and a significantly increased a-value. With the addition of stem powder, the L- and a-values revealed no significant differences, while the b-value was lowered compared to the control as more stem powder added. For texture changes of the fruit cookies, there were significant differences in hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, springiness and brittleness. The stem cookies, however, showed only differences in hardness, gumminess, and brittleness, and not in cohesiveness and springiness. Finally, an overall sensory preference was found with the 1% fruit powder and 3% stem powder additions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 2014

The antioxidant activities of extracts from Rubus coreanus Miquel (black raspberry) and Morus alba L. (mulberry) fruits were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and reducing power assay. Aqueous mixtures of ethanol, methanol, and acetone were analyzed in order to determine the most effective extraction solvent for the two fruits. Black raspberry and mulberry extracts with the 60:40 acetone-water mixtures (v/v) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activities (56.2 and 85.2%, respectively) compared to the other extraction solvents. The 60% acetone extract was finally selected as an extraction solvent and then sequentially fractionated according to solvent polarity. Among the fractions of the two fruits, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity as well as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. In addition, there were high correlation coefficients between antioxidant activities and their contents. The $EC_{50}$ value of the ethyl acetate fraction from mulberry fruit was 2.2 times lower than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in DPPH assay. The major phenolic acid and anthocyanin of the two fruits were protocatechuic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside, respectively.