• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

Three different strains of Lentinula edodes, Sanlim 5-Ho, Sanlim 6-Ho and Nongki 3-Ho, were cultured in the sawdust media of Mongolian oak(Quercu mongolica Fisch) for 90 days under dark and light conditions(each 30 days) and fruiting period(30 days). Weight loss of sawdust media was determined after fungal cultures and the contents of ergosterol in fungal mycelia were quantified by HPLC analysis followed by solvent extraction. Compared with the two other fungal strains$(8\%)$, weight loss of Sanlim 5-Ho was slightly lowered to $7\%$. The level of ergosterol content, a parameter for fungal growth, was continuously enhanced in Sanlim 5-Ho for dark and light incubation periods. However, Sanlim 6-Ho and Nongki 3-Ho recorded the maximized fungal growth under light condition. In fruiting periods the ergosterol contents were lowered in the three strains. Intra- and extracellular enzymes during cultural and fruiting periods were also characterized. The activity of Mn-peroxidase and laccase, which are characteristics enzymes for white rot fungi as lignin degrading enzymes, were determined as a high level overall the periods. As cellulose degrading indicators, the activity of CMCase, avicelase, xylanase and glucanase were detectable in initial incubation period.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of extracts of Cordyceps spp.(Paecilomyces japonica and Cordyceps militaris), mugwort and pine needle. Fruiting body and mycelium of Cordyceps spp., mugwort and pine needle were extracted with water and 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activities of each extracts against 3 kinds of Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 kinds of Gram negative pathogenic bacteria(Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Shigella sonnei and Salmonella typhimurium) were tested. The yields of water and ethanol extracts of fruiting body (39∼58%) were 2.4 ∼4.4 times higher than mycellium(9∼24%) in Cordyceps sup., while those of mugwort and pine needle were less than 9%. Ethanol extract of P. japonica mycelium(JFE) had antibacterial to S. monocytogenes at 1% level and ethanol extract of C. militaris fruiting body (MFE) had antibacterial to S. aureus at 3% level. Ethanol extract of mugwort was antibacterial against L monocytogenes and S. aureus at 1% level. Water extracts of Cordyceps spp.(P. japonica and C. militaris) and mugwort had no antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strains. Water extract of pine needle had antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains except E. coli and ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains at 1% level. Pine needle extracts had the most wide antibacterial spectrum against bacterial strains used for this experiment. Growth inhibiting activities of pine needle extracts were higher in ethanol extract than water extract for most of tested bacteria in tryptic soy broth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

The efficient timer-controlled irrigation and the favorable fruiting position were investigated far highly quality melon fruits from Feb.18 to July Si 1999. The nutrient solution was supplied either at every hour from 6：00 to 18：00 (T-1) or at 6：00, 8：00, 10：00, 11：00, 12：00, 12：30, 13：00, 13：30, 14：00, 14：30, IS：00,16：00, and 17：00 (T-2). A fruit was set at the first node of the fruit bearing branch from the 10, 12, or 13th node of the main stem. Pot weight was maintained at almost n constant level, regardless of the daily integrated solar radiation in T-2. Soluble solids content (SSC) and fresh weight of fruit were not significantly different among the irrigation treatments at each harvesting time. At the first harvest, SSC and fresh weight of fruit were not significantly different between the fruiting positions within the irrigation treatment. At the second harvest, SSC was higher in T-2 than T-1. The SSC was low in the fruit of the loth node in T-1, while it was not significantly different between fruiting positions in T-2. Fruit fresh weight was the highest at the 12 and 13th nodes in T-1, and the 13th node in T-2. Fresh and dry weights of leaf except petiole, regardless of harvesting time, increased as the node position was higher, The higher the fruiting position was, the lower the leaf weight was. Therefore, it is recommended to irrigate more frequently during the mid-noon. Fruits can be harvested earlier at the lower nodes in the spring crop production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2016

Endophytes play an important role in the growth and development of the host. However, the study of endophytes is mostly focused on plants, and reports on bacteria associated with fungi are relatively rare. We studied the bacteria associated with fruiting bodies of Tricholoma matsutake picked from seven main T. matsutake-producing areas in Sichuan, China, by barcoded pyrosequencing. About 8,272 reads were obtained per sample, representing 40 phyla, 103 classes, and 495 genera of bacteria and archaea, and 361-797 operational taxonomic units were observed at a 97% similarity level. The bacterial community was always both more abundant and more diverse than the archaeal community. UniFrac analysis showed there were some difference of bacterial communities among the samples sites. Three bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, were dominant in all samples. Correlation analysis showed there was a significant correlation between some soil properties and bacterial community associated with T. matsutake. This study demonstrated that the bacteria associated with T. matsutake fruiting bodies were diversified. Among these bacteria, we may find some strains that can promote the growth of T. matsutake.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 2013

This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of various fruiting body of Ganoderma species and Cordyceps militaris, Phelinus linteus extracts. ${\beta}$-glucan and polyphenol are useful ingredient in mushrooms and they were known to have antioxidant activity. We analyzed ${\beta}$-glucan and polyphenol contents of fruiting body of Ganoderma spp., Cordyceps militaris, and Phellinus linteus. Most Ganoderma spp. exhibited ${\beta}$-glucan contents of 15 to 20%. Cordyceps militalis showed the highest ${\beta}$-glucan level of 25%. Interestingly, eight strains of Ganoderma spp. was analyzed to have higher contents of ${\beta}$-glucan than Phelinus linteus. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. (D.W., 70% EtOH, 80% MeOH) The level of polyphenol in ASI 7020 strain was at maximum in the water extraction and ASI 7086 showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH extraction. The amounts of polyphenol in strain ASI 7113 was at maximum in the 80% MeOH extraction.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2007

Hypolipidemic effect of biopolymers extracted from culture broth (CP), mycelia (MP), and fruiting bodies (FP) of Auricularia auricula-judae was investigated in dietary-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The experimental animals were administrated (100 mg/kg body weight) with different biopolymers, daily for 4 weeks. Hypolipidemic effects were achieved in all the experimental groups, however, FP was proved to be the most potent one. The administration of the FP reduced the plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic index by 24.3, 28.5, 36.4, and 40.9%, respectively, while increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (9.0%), when compared to the saline (control) administered group.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

The paprika has emerged as one of the highest-income crops by increase in dimestic and export demand in the greenhouse crops. Nevertheless, there is no standard for fertigation in soil, because general culture system is soilless culture. This study was conducted to establish the optimum nitrogen and potassium application level for paprika fertigation. Four different levels of nitrogen and potassium were applied, treatment levels were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing. Experiment to instigate the optimum amounts of nitrogen and potassium were carried out in 2012 and 2013, respectively13. Nitrogen application : stem diameter of 0.5 times was significantly lower than other treatments, but stem length was not affected by nitrogen fiertigation levels. Number of fruit and yield of first fruiting group harvest were not significant difference. but those of the second fruiting group were decreased by increasing nitrogen level beyond 1.0 times treatment and were the lowest in 0.5 times treatment. Overall, the optimum level of nitrogen for fertigation was judged 1.0 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing. Potassium application : Growth was no signigicant trend except stem length. Number of locule, fresh thickness and sugar content were not significant difference. Number of fruit and yield were not significant difference at the first and second fruiting group harvest. But those were significant difference at third fruiting group harvest, maximum yield was obtained by 1.5 times fertigation level. The optimum level of potassium for fertigation was judged 1.5 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.352-360
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• 2002

This study was carried out to find out the effect of Milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.) on growth, and yield of rice, physicochemical properties of soil, reduction rate of nitrogen fertilization, and soil improvement under the different plowing time with Milk vetch cultivated in paddy field, plowing at maximum blooming, last blooming, fruiting stages. The fresh weight of Milk vetch at each plowing time of maximum blooming, last blooming and fruiting stage was 22,500, 20,000, $12,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. Content of total nitrogen at three plowing times was 2.95, 2.66, and 2.47% and the C/N ratio were 15.7, 18.0, and 19.2, respectively. Physico-chemical properties of soil were improved in cultivated milk vetch, the content of T-N. OM and porosity ratio were increased while the content of $P_2O_5$ and bulk density, solidphase ratio were decreased compared to noncultivated milk vetch. Content of $NH_4-N$ in soil was highest plowing at maximum blooming stage and appeared an increasing tendency according to increased nitrogen level. Amount of nitrogen fertilizer by rice was highest plowing at maximum blooming stage and appeared an increasing tendency according to increased nitrogen level. Nitrogen-use efficiency was high in $33kg\;ha^{-1}$ nitrogen level at three plowing times. The number of spikelets per $m^2$ was high in plowing at maximum blooming stage, last blooming stage and the percentage of ripeness was high in fruiting stage of milk vetch. So the rice yield was increased 9%, 8% in $55kg\;ha^{-1}$ nitrogen level plowing at maximum blooming stage, last blooming stage and 1% in $77kg\;ha^{-1}$ nitrogen level plowing at fruiting stage compared to conventional cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

The 2 strains of Pleurotus ostreatus showing very severe and mild symptom of brown blotch were selected, and their F1 hybrid strains were made by mating of their single spore isolates. Hydrophobicity of fruiting body surface and brown blotch severity of the parental and their 11 F1 hybrid strains showing different level of severity of brown blotch were determined. Correlation coefficient (R) between disease severity and hydrophobicity were 0.68 and 0.70 on two independent experiments. Correlation coefficient between disease severity and disease incidence that was determined in the oyster mushroom farm were 0.46 and 0.52 on two independent experiments. When GFP-tagged Pseudomonas tolaasii was monitored with confocal microscope on cap surface of fruiting body, more cells of the pathogen were clustered on the severe strain than the mild strain, which indicates that the bacterial pathogen proliferates more on the severe strain. These results suggest that hydrophobicity of oyster mushroom fruiting body affects disease severity of the brown blotch disease; the longer the bacterial suspension stays on fruiting body surface more severe symptom of the blotch develops.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the microbial community of oyster mushrooms at different growth stages at the species level. Gram-positive bacteria were predominant in the presterilized medium. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant in the culture-completed medium, post-harvest medium, and fruiting bodies. In addition, Pseudomonas tolaasii, which is known to cause disease in mushrooms, was confirmed in the cultured medium, post-harvest medium, and fruiting bodies, and it was determined that the mycelium culture stage was contaminated, and the reason why no disease occurred was Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum. It was confirmed that this was because the growth of Pseudomonas tolaasii was suppressed by producing a component called tolacin. As a result of confirming the diversity of microorganisms, it was confirmed that the presterilization medium contains a variety of microorganisms compared to other growth stages, and the diversity decreases in the order of culture completion medium, fruiting body, and post-harvest medium. showed a trend. As a result of microbial similarity analysis, it was confirmed that the cultured medium and the post-harvest medium showed similar microbial communities, and in the case of fruiting bodies, there were some similarities but overall differences.