• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of various agricultural by-products as basal substrates for the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation of Hericium erinaceum. For this aim, oak sawdust, cotton waste, sugarcane bagasse, Job's tears, rice hull, Chinese cabbage, and coconut waste were used as sole or mixed substrate(s). Corn waste and rice bran were used as nutrient supplements. The growth and density of mycelium, yield of fruiting body, and biological efficiency were compared among tested substrates colonized by Hericium erinaceum. The best measurement of mycelial growth and density, yield of fruiting body, and biological efficiency in a laboratory test was found in a spawn substrate composed with oak sawdust 80% and rice bran 20%. The suitability of this spawn substrate composition for Hericium fruiting body production was testified through practical tests in plastic bottles (850 ml) in a mushroom farm which had bottle cultivation facility. However, test in a mushroom farm which had plastic bag cultivation facility, best production of Hericium fruiting body (520 g per one bag) was observed in a spawn substrate composed of cotton waste 40%, saw dust 40%, corn waste 10%, and rice bran 10%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2002

This experiment was carried out to study formation of fruitbody with Cordyceps scarabaeicola (EFCC C-252) isolate. This isolate was the one of best fruitbody formation on brown rice 60 g plus 30 g silkworm pupa media among EFCC C-251, EFCC C-252, EFCC C-1092 from EFCC (Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection) of Kangwon National University. Fruiting body was formed only isolate EFCC C-252 among tested isolates on the medium of brown rice (60 g) and silkworm pupae (30 g). The optimal temperature and light for fruiting body formation were $25^{\circ}C$ and fluorescent light (300 lux). The maximal fruiting body formation was observed at 70 g of brown rice and 80 g of silkworm pupa medium which was treated separately. Fruiting body was formed maximally by 2 days interval of irrigation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2003

The fruiting body of Paecilomyces sinclairii was collected in Baekyangsa, Jeollanam-Do, Korea. Cultural conditions for the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation were investigated. Its optimum mycelial growth was obtained at 25℃ and pH 8 on potato dextrose agar and Hamada media among the various media tested. The carbon and nitrogen sources for the optimum mycelial growth were dextrin and glutamine, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was about 20:1 in case that 1% glucose was supplemented to the basal medium as a carbon source. The favorable mycelial growth was obtained from corn meal extract medium mixed with 30% (w/v) milk solution. The maximum fruiting body was formed in unpolished rice medium supplemented with 20% (w/w) silkworm pupae at $25^{\circ}C$ under 500lux.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.400-405
• /
• 2003

A gene (hpkA), encoding a histidine protein kinase homolog, has been identified in the upstream region of the espAB operon in Myxococcus xanthus. It encodes a 333 amino acid (35,952 Da) protein with a histidine protein kinase domain in the region from amino acid 90 to 317. Null mutations in the hpkA gene caused formation of loose irregular fruiting bodies, while wild-type strains developed tight hemispherical fruiting bodies under developmental conditions. Sporulation of the hpkA mutant was delayed by at least 12 h compared to that of the wild-type. It appeared that the hpkA mutation increased the expression of the espAB operon by more than 2-fold compared with the wild-type under developmental conditions. Expression of the hpkA gene was low under vegetative conditions, but was highly induced under developmental conditions.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2001

Differential display of reverse transcription(DDRT)-PCR was conducted to have a profile of the differentially expressed genes during the formation of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes. The lines of L. edodes(ImHyup-1) employed were cultivated in the artificial blocks of sawdust, and the fruiting body was induced from the mycelia or the mass protruded from the brown surface of the sawdust blocks. RNAs were prepared from the four different developmental stages; mycelial, primordial, and stipes and pileus of fruiting body. The fragments of cDNA were synthesized from the combinations of the arbitrary primers and 3' one anchored Oligo-dT primer. Twelve combinations using the primers have been tested, and among them nineteen bands were identified as differentially expressed. Those genes were further analyzed by DNA sequencing and followed by homology search. Characterization of one clone was conducted as a preliminary data and more are under investigation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 1984

Cells of Stigmatella aurantiace developed in the light on the medium containing calcium, barium, or lithium ion formed fruiting bodies without stalk. Fruiting body with stalk was formed on the medium containing calcium ion and GMP (GMP-medium) even under the dark condition. On the medium containing calcium and pheromone (pheromone-medium), most cells were developed only into the stalk in the light and into the sporangium in the dark. The number of aggregate formed on the medium containing calcium ion (Ca-medium) was more than that formed on the medium containing calcium, potassium, and sodium ions (CPS-medium). The number of aggregate formed on the GMP or pheromone-medium was less than that formed on the Ca-medium. Both pheromone and GMP reduced the time required for aggregate formation when cells were developed in the dark. Light stimulated cells to form more aggregates in short time when it was introduced into the Ca-, CPS-, GMP-, or pheromone-medium.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2013

The fruiting body of honey mushroom, Armillaria gallica, was collected from Gastrodia elata cultivated fields. Pure cultures were isolated from fruiting body tissue of the mushrooms, and cultured on MCM (mushroom complete medium) or PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Then, 12 different types of mycelial growth characteristics such as growth rate, colony morphology and rhizomorph formation were obtained. The vitality of the mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation of the fruiting body culture isolates were better on MCM than PDA, suggesting that the optimal culture medium for A. gallica mycelia was MCM. To observe the feature of colony morphology, the subculture of isolates were incubated on MCM. Consequently, we could find the segregated or differentiated colony morphology from isolate type 11 that was similar morphology to isolate type 12. For phylogenetic analysis of the 12 isolates, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were performed. The isolate type 12 was not only shown different band patterns of RAPD variation in other 11 isolates, but also commercial strain known as Chunmagyun No. 1. Among the tissue culture isolates of fruiting, strains with better mycelial growth characteristics than Chunmagyun No. 1 were selected. We expect that the new strain can be substituted to commercial strain Chunmagyun No. 1.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2006

In vitro fruiting bodies were produced from ten different isolates of Condyceps militaris EFCC C-5736, EFCC C-5941, EFCC C-5976, EFCC C-6040, EFCC C-6849, EFCC C-7268, EFCC C-7342, EFCC C-7992, EFCC C-8027 and EFCC C-8549. Single ascospores were isolated from in vitro grown fruiting bodies and used for fruiting body production in brown rice medium by both intra-strain crossing and out-crossing. Length and dry wt. of stromata grown in vitro were measured. Strains producing highest dry wt. of stromata were selected. Both intra-strain crossings and inter-strain crossings of single ascospore strains were found to produce profuse fruiting bodies of C. militaris.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.244-253
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activity of extracts obtained from the mycelium, sclerotium, and fruiting body of Wolfiporia cocos using different extraction solvents (hot water, 70% ethanol, and 70% methanol). Among the three developmental stages, the mycelium extracts showed the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitrite scavenging activity, and total polyphenolic content. Among the extraction solvents in the context of the W. cocos mycelium, the DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and total polyphenol content in the hot-water extracts were significantly higher than those in the other extracts. In the case of the sclerotium, the reducing power, nitrite scavenging activity, and total polyphenol content were significantly higher in 70% ethanolic extracts. The fruiting body showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, nitrite scavenging activity, and total polyphenol content in the context of hot-water extraction. Moreover, the β-glucan content was significantly higher in the sclerotium versus the mycelium or fruiting body. The total amino acid and total essential amino acid contents were remarkably higher in the mycelium and fruiting body than in the sclerotium; of note, and arginine (Arg) and phenylalanine (Phe) were highly detected among the amino acid components.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.4 s.91
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 1999

To compare the morphological and cultural characteristics of Cordyceps militaris, forming conditions of artificial fruiting body production were investigated in this experiment. The stroma shapes of artificial fruiting body were confirmed to club and/or stick. However, both shapes were same color as a orange. Perithecia of stroma was semi-egg shape and was ranged from $30{\sim}90{\times}90{\sim}130\;{\mu}m$ and it's asci was narrowly cylindric. Ascospore of perithecia was belong to filiform and multiseptate. The conidia of C. militaris was centurally grown and shaped with globose, long clavate type, floccose, centrally raised during anamorph stage. When it was cultured between glass and PP bottle, production of artificial fruiting body, pinheading ratio and total yield were higher in PP bottle. The optimum illumination was 1,000 lx for the those production. The culture medium of barley, wheat and hulled rice showed higher artificial fruiting body compared to that of silkworm. Pinheading and yield of it's isolates was decreased at more than three subsequent transculture.