• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

생육온도가 느타리버섯 자실체의 생육 및 조직에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 온도를 $7^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;23^{\circ}C$로 달리하여 생육시키고, 자실체의 특성 및 조직의 미세구조 변화를 관찰 한 결과, 생육온도가 높을수록 갓의 두께는 얇아지고, 대의 두께 및 대의 길이는 길어졌으며, 버섯의 갓 색깔이 백색에 가깝게 변화하였다. 생육온도에 따른 자실체의 미세구조변화는 생육온도가 높아질수록 주름에 있어서 담자포자의 비산이 빠르고, 노화현상이 두드러졌다. 생육온도별로 느타리버섯 대부위의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과 생육온도가 높을수록 경도는 낮아졌는데 이는 세포의 노화 및 균사의 밀도가 낮았기 때문으로 생각된다. 또한 대의 세포학적인 특정으로 액포화가 두드러져 생육온도가 높을수록 생육일수는 빨라지나 그만큼 노화가 쉽게 일어남을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2018

Semi-dried mulberry fruit can be distributed at room temperature and maintained its chewy texture and shape. It can be used for its own itself or food materials. We develop the honey coating semi-dried mulberry fruit manufacturing method through hot air dryer. After extracting the moisture from the thawing process, honey was coated and dried. Drying time for semidried mulberry fruit was shortened by manufacturing on the day of work without going through aging process. The first the mulberry fruit juice was separated from the frozen mulberry fruit at room temperature of the laboratory or in the dryer of $60{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, then the first dried by a hot air drier at $60^{\circ}C$ for 3 to 4 h. Next, it is coated with honey, which is equivalent to 20% weight of the first dried mulberry fruit, and then the second dried at a temperature of $38^{\circ}C$ for 20 ~ 30 h. The honey coating semi-dried mulberry fruit by above method was shiny on the surface and retained its shape. The moisture content was about 15% and it was confirmed that it could be stored at room temperature.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2022

This study investigated the changes in planting environment and growing conditions of 'Arisoo' apple trees under shading net treatments. Apple tree canopies were fully covered with Blue (blue color net, mesh size: 4 mm × 5 mm), Black-A (black color net, mesh size: 4 mm × 5 mm), Black-B (black color net, mesh size: 5 mm × 6 mm), and uncovered trees were used as the control. Inside the tree canopies, the illuminance was observed as 100% (85.0 Klux) in the control, but it decreased to 75% (64.3 Klux) in the Blue, 73% (63.0 Klux) in the Black-A, and 77% (65.9 Klux) in the Black-B nets, respectively. The solar irradiance was observed as 755 w·m^-3 in the control, but it was decreased to 715 w·m^-3 in the Blue, 624 w·m^-3 in the Black-A, and 647 w·m^-3 in the Black-B nets, respectively. The average daily temperature was observed to be the highest in the Black-A net (31.8℃) while it was observed to be around 30.0℃ in the control, Blue, and Black-B nets. In addition, the average fruit surface temperature was observed to be the highest (39.4℃) in the control, but it was decreased to 38.1℃ in the Blue, 37.3℃ in the Black-A, and 39.0℃ in the Black-B nets. However, the average soil temperature, the shoot growth rate, and leaf SPAD values were not different in all the treatments. Fruit sunburn disorders were the highest in the control while it was observed to be lower in the fruits from trees covered with the shading nets. However, at harvest, the fruit quality parameters were not different in all the treatments. Overall, this study suggests that the apple trees covered with the shading nets reduced the illuminance, solar irradiance, fruit surface temperature, and fruit sunburn disorders. However, the shading nets did not affect tree growth and apple fruit quality.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.158-159
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• 2009

In 2007 to 2008, a fruit rot of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in a farmer's vinyl house in Jinju City. The symptoms started with watersoaking lesion and progressed into the rotting of the surface of fruit. White mycelial mats appeared on the lesion at the surface of the fruit and a number of sclerotia formed on the fruit near the soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1${\sim}$3 mm in size, and white to brown in color. The hyphal width was measured 3 to 8 ${\mn}$. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was 30 on PDA. Typical clamp connections were observed in hyphae of grown for 4 days on PDA. On the basis of symptoms, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to the host plant, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of the fruit rot of Melon caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.364-375
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• 2020

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed to extract ascorbic acid from rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) fruit. The optimal conditions were investigated by response surface methodology, using two variable including reaction time (16-44 min) and temperature (16-44℃). The ascorbic acid extraction was sensitive to the reaction time rather than the reaction temperature, and the optimal conditions for ascorbic acid extraction were 25℃ and 30 min. Ascorbic acid and gallic acid in the rugosa rose fruit extract were completely separated by HPLC, with a resolution factor of over 1.5 between the two. The correlation coefficient of the ascorbic acid was 0.999 in a linearity test for 50-150 ㎍/mL concentration of extract. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.16 ㎍/mL and 29.89 ㎍/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for repeatability and reproducibility were determined, and each RSD showed good precision at less than 5% (N=6).

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-101
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• 1998

A severe brown rot on peach fruit caused by a Phytophthora sp. has occurred at peach orchards in Taegu of Korea from late June to early August in 1997. Infected fruits showed irregularly round or circular water soaking brown regions. In the severe case, fruits were entirely rotten and surface of the fruits were wrinkled. Occasionally, white mycelia and abundant sporangia were developed on the surface of fruit. Inner tissues of the fruits were also discolored to brown. The causal fungus was identified as Phytophthora cactorum based on following characteristics. Sporangia were ovoid, conspicuously papillate, caducous and measured as 28.4~48.1$\times$21.9~37.2 (av. 39.9$\times$30.4) ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Sexuality of the fungus was homothallic. Oogonia were 25.0~34.0 (av. 29.9) ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Most antheridia were paragynous and measured av. 10.5$\times$13.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Optimum temperature for mycelia growth was around 25~3$0^{\circ}C$. However none of the isolates grew under 7$^{\circ}C$ and over 35$^{\circ}C$. The fungus revealed high pathogenicity to fruits, shoots and leaves of peach, apple and pear with different degrees. Phytophthora fruit rot of peach caused by Phytophthora cactorum has not been reported in Korea previously.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.867-871
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• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of antioxidant capacity in gardenia extracts. The antioxidant capacities of gardenia fruit extracts were investigated by ferric reducing ability (FRA) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays. The optimum extraction parameters for the strongest antioxidant capacity were the ethanol concentration (EtOH) of 48.9%, extraction temperature of $72.9^{\circ}C$, and extraction time of 29.9 min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the quadratics of EtOH and extraction temperature had highly significant effect on the antioxidant capacity (p<0.001). The antioxidant capacity was correlated with contents of bioactive components [crocin, geniposide, and total phenolic (TP) compounds] in gardenia extracts and mainly attributed to the content of the TP compounds.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2019

사과 표면의 온도 측정 결과, '후지' 품종에서 무처리구가 $44^{\circ}C$로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 미세살수 처리구가 $35^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮아 사과의 표면온도를 직접적으로 낮추는데 가장 효과적이었고, '홍로' 품종에서는 방풍망 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 약 $9^{\circ}C$의 온도하강 효과를 나타내었다. 조도 및 광량은 방풍망 처리구가 $53.26^3lx$로 무처리구의 $90.28^3lx$에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다. 그리고 오후 시간의 햇볕은 파장이 긴 적색광으로 과실의 품온이 증가하고 광합성량이 증가되는 반면 과실의 호흡량이 증가하여 색소 발현 및 저장양분의 축적에 저해요인으로 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 방풍망을 이용한 차광으로 빛의 강도와 온도를 인위적으로 낮추어 광포화점이 발생하지 않는 정도에서 충분한 채광시간과 효율적인 광합성작용을 유도 하는 것이 과실품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 판단되었다. '후지'와 '홍로'의 최대양자수율 Fv/Fm 값이 다른 처리들보다 무처리구에서 0.74로 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었는데 이는 미세살수, 방풍망 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 높은 광합성 효율을 나타내고 있음을 시사하였다. '후지'의 일소피해 조사결과 미세살수 처리구는 5%, 방풍망 처리구는 7%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약 15% 경감되었고 '홍로'의 경우는 미세살수 처리구는 22%, 방풍망 처리구는 25%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약 7% 감소하였다. '홍로'의 일소피해 발생이 '후지'에 비해서 높았던 이유는 '홍로'가 '후지'보다 비대 속도가 빠르며 광을 받는 과실 표면의 면적이 상대적으로 컸기 때문으로 판단되었다. 착색지수 중 적색도($a^*$)의 경우 '후지' 품종에서 무처리구에 비하여 미세살수와 방풍망 처리구가 각각 26% 및 34%로 착색향상을 개선할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 사과 주요 품종에 대한 미세살수 및 방풍망 처리는 추후 기후변화로 인인 사과생육기 고온증상으로 발생할 수 있는 과실일소 및 착색불량 등 과실품질저해요인을 저감할 수 있는 현장적용이 가능한 기술로 판단되었고, 또한 이로 인한 상품성 증가로 농가 소득증대에 기여할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2000

In order to overtake a quantitative analysis of effect of anthropogenic heat and different land-use on urban thermal environment numerical simulation of surface energy budget was carried out under typical summer synoptic condition. It is beneficial to understand surface temperature of complex urban surace. The different land-use types are classified of rice field farm fruit garden residential region forest water and swamp by using map scaled 1/25000 of Pusan metropolitan. The model predicts that maximum heat island intensity in the central part of Pusan is 7$^{\circ}C$ at 2000 LST in summertime. The surface temperature is propotional to the density of constructions. The effect of anthropogenic heat generation on surface temperature is the increase of 0.3$^{\circ}C$ at 1400LST in the central part of Pusan during summertime.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2017

'후지' 사과(Malus${\times}$domestica Borkh.)에 $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP를 처리하거나 또는 1-MCP 처리 후 $10{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 에틸렌가스를 살포(1-MCP+에틸렌)하여 180일간 $0.5^{\circ}C$ 저온에서 과실의 저장성을 조사한 후에, 28일 동안 상온에서 보관하면서 연화정도를 비교하였다. 1-MCP 또는 1-MCP+에틸렌 처리된 과실의 산 함량과 경도는 저온저장 120일 이후부터 높은 수준으로 유지되었고, 이후 상온보관 28일 동안에서도 높게 나타났다. 1-MCP처리 과실은 저온저장+상온보관 동안 14N 이상으로 경도가 유지되었다. 과피 적색도는 저온저장 기간 중에는 처리에 따라 일관성 있는 결과가 나타나지 않았지만 상온보관 21일과 28일째에서는 1-MCP처리에 의하여 4.0 이상 높은 수준이 유지되었다. 대조구와 에틸렌 처리구는 저온저장 90일차에 에틸렌과 호흡량이 크게 상승되었고 클라이매터릭 맥시멈이 지나면서 노화가 더 빨리 진행된 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 1-MCP가 처리된 과실은 $10{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$정도의 에틸렌에 노출되더라도 장기간 저온저장과 약 한달간의 상온저장 동안 상품성 유지가 가능한 것으로 평가되었다.