• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.158-162
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• 2000

Twenty-three isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from decayed citrus fruits in the fields and storages in 1998-1999. Of them, six and five isolates belonged to F. proliferatum and F. moniliforme, respectively, which were the most common. F. solani and F. sambucinum had each two isolates, F. equiseti had one isolate and seven isolates were unidentified. They produced symptoms of two types in pathogenicity test: those with leathery, beige to light or dark brown, and sunken lesions without surface mycelium (type-1) and those with lesions covered with white, beige or pink surface mycelium (type-2). Four of six isolates identified to F. proliferatum and two unidentified isolates produced type-1 lesions, and all isolates identified to F. moniliforme, F. solani, F. sambucinum, F. equiseti and five unidentified isolates produced type-2 lesions.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.396-398
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• 2012

Pink mold rot of tomato occurred very severly on tomato farm in Paju, Gyounggi Province, Korea, in July 2005. The infected fruits were dropped and abandoned and the symptoms were similar to calcium deficient tomatoes. But symptom was a slight water-soaked area on or near the blossom end of the fruit and firm greyish-brown lesions were most found at the blossom-end of affected fruits. lesions caused by the pink mold fungus possess a water soaked margin and rise to characteristic orange-pink spores. Also when the diseased tomato was cut, the inside of tomatoes showed completely rotted with pink mold. The causal fungus was identified as Trichothecium roseum based on mycological characteristics. This is the first report of T. roseum infecting greenhouse tomatoes in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.171-181
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• 2018

Fruit rot is the principal phytopathological problem of pipiana pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) in the state of Guerrero. The aims of this research were to 1) identify the causal agent of southern blight on pumpkin fruits by morphological, pathogenic, and molecular analysis (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2); 2) evaluate in vitro Trichoderma spp. strains and chemical fungicides; and 3) evaluate under rainfed field conditions, the strains that obtained the best results in vitro, combined with fungicides during two crop cycles. Number of commercial and non-commercial fruits at harvest, and seed yield ($kg\;ha^{-1}$) were registered. Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization identified Sclerotium rolfsii as the causal agent of rot in pipiana pumpkin fruits. Now, in vitro conditions, the highest inhibition of S. rolfsii were obtained by Trichoderma virens strain G-41 (70.72%), T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 (69%), and the fungicides metalaxyl (100%), pyraclostrobin (100%), quintozene (100%), cyprodinil + fludioxonil (100%), and prochloraz (100%). Thiophanate-methyl only delayed growth (4.17%). In field conditions, during the spring-summer 2015 cycle, T. asperellum strain CSAEGro-1 + metalaxyl, and T. asperellum + cyprodinil + fludioxonil, favored the highest number of fruits and seed yield in the crop.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2006

In September and October 2005, melons(Cucumis melo L.) from the commercial greenhouses in Naju and Gwangju exhibited severe foliar necrosis and fruit rot. Leaf symptoms initially appeared as V-shaped, necrotic lesions and extending to the midrib. Symptoms on the fruit were occurred randomly as necrotic and sunken spots. Two isolates from diseased leaves and fruits were identified as Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli on the basis of bacteriological and genetic characteristics. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by inoculating on 3-week-old melon and cucumber seedlings. This is the first report of bacterial fruit blotch of melon in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2007

The quality of Yukbo strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) fruit declines rapidly after harvest. Therefore, we examined the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on its respiration rate, quality, and shelf life. Strawberries were fumigated for 5 hr at 0, 50, 100, 200, or $500\;{\mu}L/L$ NO atmosphers, followed by a hold at $18^{\circ}C$ in air. Treatment with NO delayed the onset of ethylene production ad reduced respiration, which at $18^{\circ}C$ resulted I a maintained quality and prolonged shelf life. The NO-treated strawberries were also firmer and had a lower incidence of disease than the untreated fruit. The effect of NO on fruit quality was dose-dependent. Strawberries that were treated with low and high concentrations of 50 and $500\;{\mu}L/L$ No, respectively, had severe disease incidence and were of poor quality. Treating with NO at a concentration of $200\;{\mu}L/L$ appeared to slow down the ripening and senescence of fruit stored at $18^{\circ}C$. Calyx browning, respiration, and rot development progressed more quickly in strawberries treated with $500\;{\mu}L/L$ NO compared to those treated with $200\;{\mu}L/L$ No.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.708-718
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• 2016

Two different pest control programs were applied on 8-year-old 'Ryoka'/M.26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.). Lime sulfur or Bordeaux mixture with emulsified oil were applied 12 times from late March to mid-September as organic treatment, and synthetic chemicals were 7 times applied as control treatment. Over the entire apple-growing season, photosynthesis rates of apple trees were significantly lower in the organic treatment than in the control, and this photosynthetic differences were larger in July and August. Photosynthesis-related parameters such as stomatal conductance and transpiration behaved similarly to photosynthesis. The leaf area in the organic treatment was significantly smaller ($24.7cm^2$) than that in the control treatment ($30.7cm^2$). Organic leaves contained significantly less Chl. a ($15.5mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) than did control leaves ($17.6mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$). Fruit yield per tree was significantly lower in the organic treatment (18.8 kg) than in the control (24.5 kg), because organic fruits experienced a higher rate of disease infection such as white rot (Botryosphaeria dothidae) and bitter rot (Glomerella cingulata) than did control fruits. Organic fruits had high flesh firmness but less color development (lower Hunter's a values). In this experiment, the pest control program with frequent applications of organic fungicides showed negative effects on photosynthesis and disease infection on leaves and fruits, and thus reduce the fruit quality and yield in 'Ryoka'/M.26 apple trees.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to screen the suitable rootstocks for the soil cultivation of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) in highland. Sixteen kinds of rootstocks were grafted to the red colored 'Spirit' scion for the resistances to diseases like fruit lot (Phytophthora capsici) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Four varieties among the rootstocks, 'Tantandaemok', 'Skurt-S', 'AC 2258', and 'PST 8301' were selected for the high resistance to fruit rot of paprika. However non-grafted control plants were totally dead at five days after inoculation. Furthermore, seven varieties including 'Yeokgang', ;Tantandaemok', 'TE412', 'MC 4', 'PST VK', and 'PST NV' were selected for the high resistance to bacterial wilt. The grafting with pest resistant rootstocks could enhance the rhizophere environment through root fresh weight increase. High yielding rootstocks for paprica 'Spirit' were PST 8301, MC 4, and Wanggeun.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.429-433
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• 2014

In 2012, a pink mold rot was observed on apple (Malus pumila var. dulcissima Koidz.) at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The first symptom of pink mold rot on apple fruit is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue and surface fruit formed pink mold rot, then became brown and produced a mass of powdery pink conidia spores. Colony was fast growing colonies, pinksh, zonate in diurnal rhythm, powdery from conidia. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, two-celled, thick-walled conidia with truncate bases, ellipsoidal to pyriform, and characteristically held together zig-zag chains and $12-26{\times}8-12{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophore was erect, colorless, unbranched, and $4-5{\mu}m$ wide. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular identification with the ITS region, the causal fungus was identified as Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2008

Ripe rot was frequently observed on fruits, leaves and stems of grape growing in eight locations in Korea from 2004 to 2006. All 30 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from lesions of the ripe rot on grape plants. Out of the isolates, 19 isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum and the others as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Inter and intra specific variations of the Colletotrichum spp. isolates were investigated using RAPD and sequences of rDNA ITS and $\beta$-tubulin-2. Isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were distinctly differentiated by molecular analyses. Phylogenetic trees of ITS and$\beta$-tubulin-2 showed that Korean isolates of C. acutatum were clustered into groups A2 and A3 among the eight global groups. A2 included non-chromogenic isolates and A3 chromogenic ones. Both C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolates were tested for pathogenicity to grape leaves. All isolates tested induced lesions on the leaves of grape by artificial inoculation. There was no difference in pathogenicity between C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolates. This is the first report that C. acutatum except C. gloeosporioides causes grape ripe rot in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-56
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• 2012

Sclerotium rot of sponge gourd occurred at the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in August 2010. The infected fruits showed water-soaked and rot symptoms. White mycelial mats spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on fruit and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was $30^{\circ}C$ and the hyphal width was 4-8 ${\mu}m$. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics, ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of sclerotium rot on sponge gourd caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.