• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-292
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• 2005

The objectives of this study are to examine the degree of propensity for symbolic consumption among adolescents and its factors, and to investigate the effects of demographic variables - sex, grade, father's education, mother's education, father's job, mother's job, monthly allowance, monthly household income - self-esteem, and socialization agents variables - parents, friends, mass media - on the propensity. In this study, the propensity for symbolic consumption is defined as the propensity to consume products through their affective, subjective, and symbolic value rather than through their practical and utility value. The data used in this study were collected from 509 adolescents who are in the 2nd grade of middle or high schools in Pusan. The research results can be summarized as follows: 1. The propensity for symbolic consumption were found to have significant differences according to sex, father's education, mother's education, mother's job, and monthly allowance. 2. It differs significantly according to adolescents' self-esteem. That is, the lower self-esteem adolescents have, the higher propensity for symbolic consumption they show. 3. It also differs significantly according to the degree of communication with parents, the degree of accepting friends' view, the degree of communication with friends, the degree of informative influence from friends, and the degree of taking in mass media.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4970-4978
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the relationships between social supports and depression symptoms among high school students in urban areas. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 514 students located in Daejeon city during the period from April 1st to May 31th, 2010. As a results, the level of depression symptoms was significantly higher in proportion to lower level of social support of families and friends. And the level of depression symptoms was positively correlated with level of social support of families and friends. In multiple regression analysis, the factors of influence with the level of depression symptoms was sex, school grade, academic achievement, friendship with the school fellow, satisfaction of school life and satisfaction of family life. Especially explanatory powers to the level of depression symptoms increased by social support of families and friends. As a conclusion, the level of depression symptoms among high school students implies closely related with level of social support of families and friends.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.33-49
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• 2006

Background & Objectives: This study was designed to examine relationships between smoking behavior and smoking attitudes among 6th-grade students in Korea in order to provide knowledge on school-based programs for preventing adolescent smoking behaviors. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 464 students attending three public elementary schools in O city from June 13 to June 16, 2006. The total sample size is 458 (response rate = 98.7%). Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and multiple regression. Results: First, smoking behavior was significantly influenced by the factors of gender, self-concept, family structure, sibling smoking, school achievement, relationship with teachers, satisfaction with school life, and smoking friends. Theprevalence of ever-smoking was 12.7% among 6th grade students in this study. Students were most likely to initiate smoking in the 5thgrade with curiosity and smoke at their own home. Second, students showed negative attitude toward smoking overall. From the detailed section, students respondednegatively about smoking in public places while they thought that adult smoking with moderate level was okay. Student who showed positive attitudes toward smoking in the present study were significantly related to the factors of self-concept, family environment, parental and sibling smoking status, school achievement, satisfaction with school life, and smoking friends. Third, Students who had tried cigarette smoking were likely to report less negative attitudes toward tobacco than non-smoking students. Fourth, this study found that smoking friends were the most significant predictor of positives smoking attitudes. Other factors significantlyassociated with smoking attitudes were gender, relationship with friends, self-concept, relationship with teachers, paternal smoking status. Conclusions: The study results suggest that smoking prevention programs focus on resisting peer influence and need to be community-incorporated and/or comprehensive from elementary to high school.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 1998

The study purpose was to investigate psychosocial factors related to smoking among adolescent boys. The Theory of Planned Behavior provide the basis for the study. Twenty-five attitudinal beliefs, 9 normative beliefs and 20control beliefs were identified through questionnaire development. The data were analyzed using t-test and χ2-test. Thirty-three percent of 300 students were smokers. Most of the beliefs examined were significantly different between smokers(n=92) and nonsmokers(n=92). With respect to attitudinal beliefs, smokers responded less negatively on the items of bad health effects of smoking such as sore throat, headache, chest pain, risk of cancer and bad blood circulation(p<0.001), and decreased physical strength(p<0.05). Smokers believed less negatively on the items that smoking leads to bothering others, bad breath, yellow teeth and making them spend money(p<0.001). In contrast, smokers felt more positively on smoking as a means of stress management, relaxing, helping digestion(P<0.001). Smokers felt less pressure for not smoking from significant others. Especially mother, siblings, friends, girl friends, seniors of school were important sources of influence regarding subject's smoking. Smokers felt less confident in controlling the urge to smoke in several situations including; when they were with friends or asked to smoke by friends; after the meal, or drinking; when they were bored or stressed, upset, and when they felt unstable(p<0.001). Smokers also scored lower on specific skills to quit or control the urge to smoke as well as overall perceived control, compared to nonsmokers(p<0.001). These results suggest that interventions for adolescents incorporate diverse strategies to increase the perceived control over smoking in specific situations as well as overall perceived control, to help them realize and modify attitudinal beliefs, and to elicit support from significant others for not smoking. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 358∼367,1998)

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects from social supports and global self-worth on stresses for the children. The subjects were 438 children of the 5th grade in Elementary School and the first grade in Junior High School in Taejeon. The instruments used for this study were Children's Social Support, Global Self-Worth and Stress Scale. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. The main results of the study were as follows; 1. The stresses were different depending on age. When the family and the teacher give higher social supports, the 5th graders have higher global self-worth. When the family gives higher social supports, the stresses were decreased for the 5th graders. When the children have higher global self-worth, the stresses were decreased. 2. When the first graders in Junior High School experienced higher global self-worth and social supports from their friends, family, teacher, the stresses were decreased. 3. The first graders in Junior High School experienced more stresses than the 5th graders in Elementary School in parent-related and academic-related domains. But the first graders in Junior High School experienced less stresses than the 5th graders in Elementary School in friend-related domains. 4. The path analysis showed that social supports from friends and family explained 15% of the stresses for the 5th graders in elementary school. Social support from friends, family, and teacher explained 28% of the stresses for the first graders in Junior High School. 5. For the 5th graders in Elementary School, social supports from friends and family had direct influences on the global self-worth. And the global self-worth had direct influence on children's stresses. But for the first graders in Junior High School, social supports from friends, family, and teacher had direct influences on the global self-worth. And the social supports from friends had direct and indirect effects on children's stresses. 6. For predicting the stresses, the most significant variable was the global self-worth for the 5th graders in Elementary School and the first graders in Junior High School.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence consumers when they purchase or rent Hanbok. We investigated the factors which affect consumers buying Hanbok, out of expectation that the rising interest in Hanbok caused by diversification of design and other various reasons would have a positive impact on purchases. Reflecting the increase of consumers renting Hanbok in the study, we also analyzed the factors that have an influence on rentals and compared the determinants of purchasing Hanbok and that of renting it. It turned out that consumers are mainly influenced by design, popular colors they prefer, and recommendation of clerks or friends. Through the comparison, we discovered that the purchasing group is more influenced by design while the renting group is more influenced by recommendation of friends and clerks. This result suggests that it would be an effective marketing strategy for shops to strengthen competitiveness by diversifing design of Hanbok, and for rental shops to do so by placing professional salesperson.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.3
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• pp.35-58
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• 2002

This research attempted to investigate the real state of adolescent smoking and drinking, and to study how stress influences on smoking and drinking of high school students. This data was collected from 837 first and second grade students in a vocational high school in Go-yang city, Gyeonggi province. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, Chi-square, T-test, step-wise regression analysis, using SPSSWIN. The results of analysis were as follows: First, 51.7% of the students have never smoked, while 48.3% have experienced smoking. Most students started smoking in the second year of the middle school, though 17.6% of the smokers already started in the elementary school. The strongest motive of initial smoking was curiosity, next the inducement of friends, and 10.9% of them smoked to get rid of stress. Their favorite place for smoking was in the order of the entertainment centers, schools, and private academies. They personally purchased cigarettes mostly at the store. Most of them smoked less than 5 cigarettes a day, but 3.7% smoked more than a pack of cigarettes a day, usually with friends rather than alone. Second, the ratio of drinking was relatively high 78.1%, and their initial drinking experience was most frequent at the third year of the middle school. The initial motive of drinking was mostly curiosity and the inducement of friends, but 10.7% of them started drinking to reduce stress and anxiety. The places for buying alcohol and drinking were bars or restaurants. The ratio of habitual drinking was 45.1%, and the ratio of irregular drinking was 53.3%. 1.8% of the drinking students enjoyed drinking everyday. The amount of drinking varied from half a bottle to two bottles of Soju, and the drinking problem was serious to see that 11% of them drank more than two bottles at a time. Because 84.4% drank in groups with friends, a thorough and systematic supervision and education of the peer group drinking is essential. Third, as for the relationship between personal matters and smoking, it was found that there was a positive relation between smoking and sex, but there was no correlation between smoking and school years. Adolescent smoking was also related with scholastic achievement, the number of friends, and the existence of parents. Fourth, as for the relationship between personal matters and drinking, it was found that there was no correlation between drinking and sex, but there was a positive relation between drinking and school years. Fifth, the average index of stress was students themselves(2.58), school life(2.53), family life(2.19), friends(2.00), and the total index of stress was 2.33. Sixth, there appeared a marginal negative correlation between stress and 'drinking and smoking' in Pearson coefficient of correlation r to see the influence of stress on smoking and drinking. The difference of the average index of stress according to smoking and drinking bears meaningful difference for all students, smokers and non-smokers, drinkers and abstainers in students themselves, school life, family life, friends, and total stress. Smoking has an effect on family life most, school life next, and drinking has an effect on school life most, family life next, with the explanation power of 11% and 9% respectively, in a regression analysis to analyze the factors influencing on smoking and drinking among the factors of stress.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2011

This study explored the factors that influence school life adjustment of children in multicultural families. The subjects were 177 elementary school children of multicultural families from 1st to 6th grade in DC area. The major findings were as follows. 1) The interests in school and the whole-school adjustment were statistically different according to gender of children in multicultural families, family types 2) There were positive correlations among multicultural adjustment, social supports, and school life adjustment. 3) Of all variables, teachers' supports had the greatest influence on the interests in school and the whole-school adjustment, but friends' supports had the greatest influence on compliance of school rules. This study suggests that various efforts from multi levels, such as schools, teachers, and peer groups, for school life adjustment of children in multicultural families.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

Religion can affect on every day lives of individuals in society. Also, religion can affect on personal networks and the formation of a social culture that may lead to influence individual decision makers. Religion can influence values and ethics of people in society. However, according to the secularization hypothesis, as an economy becomes more efficient and the members of a society becomes more educated, the influence and control of religion over people tend to become diminished more. How is religion related with entrepreneurship? There are not so many empirical studies that examine relationship between religion and entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is that we empirically examine how religious commitment, in addition to individual traits such as need for achievement, perceived creativity, problem solving ability and entrepreneurial parents or friends. Our study is based on survey sample of 229 college students in Korea. The results we found are as follows. First, religious commitment does not have effect on entrepreneurial intention. Also, religion commitment has no relationship with need for achievement, perceived creativity, problem solving ability, and entrepreneurial parents or friends. Second, consistent with previous studies, need for achievement and entrepreneurial parents or friends have meaningful effect on entrepreneurial intention. Third, perceived creativity is a full mediation variable between need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.8-10
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• 2014

Patients with uncontrolled pain may become tired, depressed, angry, worried, lonely, and stressed. In contrast, proper management of cancer pain allows patients to be more active, sleep better, enjoy family and friends, improve their appetite, enjoy sexual intimacy, and prevent depression. Pain control is strongly influence to quality of life of cancer patients. This review discusses the importance of quality of life in pain management for cancer patients.