• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2015

Purpose: The object of this study is to identify the reason why school health education act had not been enforced properly, and to find out implications for improving. Methods: The implementation process of school health education act was described and the imperatives of the process were analysed. M. Rein's Policy Implementation Model was used as an analysis framework. The sources of this study was based on the minutes of parliament, government reports, materials for the meetings of policy makers, the press, etc. Results: The school health education act clarified mandatory and systemic health education in it, but it did not clearly mentioned about 'the introduction of compulsory health education subject'. The bureaucrats of National Educational Ministry who are responsible for policy implementation, did not behave in a friendly manner toward the school health education act. What is more, the ways of mandatory and systemic school health education could not be discussed reasonably in the implementation process. Through this study it was found that the rational-bureaucratic imperative played the main role in the implementation process of school health education act due to the limitation of the legal imperative and the consensual imperative. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests the strong need to make up for the defect of the two imperatives, and to reform the rational-bureaucratic imperative.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

Recently European Council(EU) published the RoHS(restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment) which is prohibit the use of Pb, Hg, Cd, $Cr^{+6}$, PBB or PBDE in the electrical and electronic equipments. So EU member States shall ensure that, from 1 July 2006, new electrical and electronic equipment put on the market does not contain 6 hazardous substances. So many kinds of projects is proceeding to ensure the reliability of Pb-free electronics in the worlds. Especially it is necessary to evaluate of Pb-free solder joints in electronics. Therefore, on this paper, we compared with solder joint strength of chip components, respectively SnPb, Pb-free solder as follows reliability test methods. We also measured the shear strength of solder joint and also compared the effects of environmental test methods. In this results, we analyzed and compared the shear strength variation as follows solder materials and reliability test conditions.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.141-142
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• 2012

Recently, surface texturing by atmospheric laser processing has been received lots of attention to improve the tribological performance of various surfaces and this laser texturing of surfaces could be considered in a large extent to improve tribological performance of PVD coated surface. Surface texturing could be performed by various manufacturing techniques such as indentation with hard materials, ion etching, abrasive jet machining, lithography, and Laser Surface Texturing (LST). Out of all these techniques, however it is generally accepted that laser surface texturing (LST) by atmospheric laser processing offers the most promising process as LST is very fast, environmentally-friendly, easy to control the shape and size of the microdimples. In this work various preliminary experimental results from the laser texturing on the PVD-coated steel substrate will be presented. Our results indicated that laser texturing definitely affect the tribological performance of the surfaces and the size as well as pattern type of laser texturing are one of the key factors. From the wear tests against an alumina counterpart ball at room temperature under oil-lubricated condition, laser surface texturing on the CrZrSiN films reduced the friction coefficients by approximately more than 5 times in the case of narrow patterned surfaces.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2006

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), native to the Indian sub-continent, has been known since the ancient time for its medicinal and insect repellent properties. In recent years, Neem has attracted global attention due to its potential as a source of natural drugs and also environment-friendly pesticides. In the households. The distribution and traditional practice on Neem can be important to the agriculturist, ethno-pharmaceutical developers and to the rural development practitioners in Bangladesh. An exploratory survey on the distribution and traditional practice on Neem tree in the rural homesteads of Chittagong coastal plain, Bangladesh, was conducted over a period of three months from September 2002 to November 2002. It was found that maximum, 64% households used seedling as planting material having 40% maximum sources Within the major tree species present in the homesteads, Neem accounted for 12% among the total individuals. It was found that the availability of Neem trees was found maximum, 31%, in the homesteads of medium sized households. Maximum, 42% individuals of Neem were found within the DBH of 10.1 to 20 cm; and 37% within the 3.1 to 6 m height classes. Neem trees were found to be used maximum, 88% for furniture. The findings of the study will be of immense importance for the rural development practitioners and ethno pharmacological developers in Bangladesh.

• Nano
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1850132.1-1850132.14
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• 2018

The direct synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with acidic and basic active sites is challenging due to the introduction of functional groups by post-functionalization method often jeopardize the framework integrity. Herein, we report the direct synthesis of acid-base bifunctional MOFs with tuning acid-base strength. Employing modulated hydrothermal (MHT) approach, microporous MOFs named $UiO-66-NH_2$ was prepared. Through the ring-opening reaction of 1,3-propanesultone with amino group, $UiO-66-NH_2-SO_3H-type$ catalysts can be obtained. The synthesized catalysts were well characterized and their catalytic performances were evaluated in one-pot glucose to 5-HMF conversion. Results revealed the acid-base bi-functional catalyst possessed high activity and excellent stability. This work provides a general and economically viable approach for the large-scale synthesis of acid-base bi-functional MOFs for their potential use in catalysis field.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data on cosmetics by investigating college women's purchasing and use behaviors regarding cosmetics according to their experience with side effects. A questionnaire was administered to 351 college women in the Seoul and Kyoung-in areas. The data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics V22.0 using frequency, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test. The results are as follows. First, 72.6% of surveyed women reported experiencing side effects from cosmetics. The largest side effects were acne and boils, and the primary ways of coping with these side effects were discontinuing use and using other products. Second, the group that experienced cosmetics' side effects used brands that were more expensive and eco-friendly than the group without side effects. Third, the group that experienced side effects continued to use the product more than the group without side effects. The primary reason for continued use was efficacy, and the reasons for discontinued use were efficacy and curiosity. Fourth, the side-effects group proactively identified cosmetics ingredients more than the non-side-effects group. Specifically, they checked the major components, the function, and for any hazardous ingredients. Fifth and finally, 98.3% of survey respondents purchased and used functional cosmetics. The group that had experience with side effects used more functional cosmetics than the group without side effects.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-187
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• 2019

This work presents a practical detailed finite element (FE) approach for the three-dimensional (3D) free-vibration analysis of actual aircraft and spacecraft-type lightweight and thin honeycomb sandwich panels. It consists of calling successively in $MATLAB^{(R)}$, via a developed user-friendly GUI, a detailed 3D meshing tool, a macrocommands language translator and a commercial FE solver($ABAQUS^{(R)}$ or $ANSYS^{(R)}$). In contrary to the common practice of meshing finely the faces and core cells, the proposed meshing tool represents each wall of the actual hexagonal core cells as a single two-dimensional (2D) 4 nodes quadrangularshell element or two 3 nodes triangular ones, while the faces meshes are obtained simply using the nodes at the core-faces interfaces. Moreover, as the same 2D FE interpolation type is used for meshing the core and faces, this leads to an automatic handling of their required FE compatibility relations. This proposed approach is applied to a sample made of very thin glass fiber reinforced polymer woven composite faces and a thin aluminum alloy hexagonal honeycomb core. The unknown or incomplete geometric and materials properties are first collected through direct measurements, reverse engineering techniques and experimental-FE modal analysis-based inverse identification. Then, the free-vibrations of the actual honeycomb sandwich panel are analyzed experimentally under different boundary conditions and numerically using different mesh basic cell shapes. It is found that this approach is accurate for the first few modes used for pre-design purpose.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2019

양성자 교환막 연료전지 (PEMFC) 시스템은 환경 친화적인 전력 공급원으로 많은 잠재적 용도를 가지고 있다. 탄소섬유 복합재료 분리판은 산성환경에서 내부식성이 우수하며 높은 비강도와 비강성을 갖지만, 상대적으로 낮은 전기전도도로 인하여 PEMFC의 효율을 떨어뜨린다. 본 연구에서는 분리판의 전기 저항을 감소시키기 위하여 전기 전도성 입자(흑연 분말과 카본 블랙)를 탄소-에폭시 복합재료 프리프레그에 도포하였다. 전기 저항과 기계적 특성을 기존의 시험 방법을 사용하여 측정하였으며, 개발된 탄소 복합재료 분리판의 단위 셀 성능평가를 실시하여 기존의 분리판과 비교하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2019

This paper depicts the development and characterizations of laminated composites made with cellulosic giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea) fiber mats and epoxy resin. Zirconia-toughened mullite (ZTM) is used as a filler material in the laminated composite which was prepared from sillimanite through plasma processing technique. The mechanical characterizations of this composite have been carried out as per ASTM standards to evaluate its usability as a structural material. The effects of varying weight percentages of the filler and two different fiber orientations namely, angle-ply [$+45^{\circ}/-45^{\circ}/+45^{\circ}$] and balanced cross-ply [$0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}/0^{\circ}$] on the physical and mechanical properties such as density, microhardness, impact strength, tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of the layered composite specimens have been investigated. The study indicates that the inclusion of zirconia-toughened mullite in the composite laminate as filler improves its mechanical properties. Moreover, the use of giant cane fiber mat in the laminate is more eco-friendly than the synthetic fibers. This research also helps in generating additional data to enrich the repository of natural fiber reinforced laminated composites.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

Global environmental problems are growing, and the importance of buildings with high energy consumption has been emphasized. In Korea, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has been promoting the mandatory zero energy building since 2020, and guidelines related to the zero energy building have been developed. In addition, based on the "Energy-saving Design Criteria for Buildings" of the "Green Building Promotion Act" in Korea, the standards for energy-saving design are specified and the energy saving plan is written. Besides, the 'Energy-saving construction standards for eco-friendly houses' also specify insulation, machinery, equipment, and sunshade. Also, there is little consideration about the cost such as construction cost and material cost which should be considered important in the construction stage. Therefore, this study aims at analysis of building type and energy performance versus materials for energy saving building design considering energy performance in planning aspect of initial design stage. In this study, because the variables can not be neglected in this study, it is selected as the lecture facility of the 'K' university campus building which can consider the remaining factors except the passive design element as the control variable, Energy performance analysis.