• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2015

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of pinching time on growth and marketable yield of okra in rain shielding vinyl houses. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., 'Green sod') seedling was transplanted in May, 2013. Pinching times of okra were in each 30th, 45th, 60th day after transplanting of okra. Shoot branch and top fresh weight were significantly different between each pinching times. Top fresh weight were highest at 60th day pinching time after transplanting investigated, and were lowest at 30th day pinching time after transplanting. There was no significant difference in plant height and stem length among pinching times. According to pinching times, marketable yield and number of okra fruits were varied. Marketable yields were highest at 60th day after transplanting, whereas were lowest at 30th day after transplanting. Mineral concentrations of okra fruits were not significantly different among pinching times. Therefore pinching times 60th day after transplanting was effective to increase yield of okra fruit in rain shielding vinyl houses.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2018

Red and blue lights are effective wavelengths for photosynthesis in plants. In this study, we determined the effects of various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs on the quality of cherry tomato seedlings prior to transplantation, and their subsequent effects on the yield and quality of tomato fruits after transplanting. Two-week-old cherry tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Cuty') were cultivated under various combined ratios of red (R; peak wavelength 655 nm) to blue (B; 456 nm) LEDs [red:blue = 41:59 (59B), 53:47 (47B), 65:35 (35B), 74:26 (26B), 87:13 (13B), or 100:0 (0B)] and fluorescent lamps and raised for 27 days. The cherry tomato seedlings were subsequently transplanted into a venlo-type greenhouse and cultivated for 75 days. At the seedling stage, the shoot fresh weight of seedlings in all RB combined treatments, except 0B and 59B, was higher than that of the control after 27 days of LED treatment. Shoot dry weight and leaf area also showed trends similar to that of shoot fresh weight. The stem length was significantly higher in 13B, 26B, and 35B treatments compared with the control and other treatments. In particular, the stem length of 26B plants was approximately 3.2 times longer than that of 59B plants. At 37 days after transplanting, the number of nodes was significantly higher in 26B and 47B plants, and the plant height of 26B plants was significantly higher than that of control and 59B plants. Total fruit yield in 26B plants, which was the highest, was approximately 1.6 and 1.8 times higher than that in control and 59B plants, respectively. Thus, the results of this study indicate that various combined ratios of red to blue LEDs directly affected to the growth of cherry tomato seedlings and may also affect parameters of reproductive growth such as fruit yield after transplantation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of several substrates and ratio of NO3--N to NH4--N in nutrient solution on growth, yield and mineral uptake of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) in bag culture. The content of minerals such as P, K, Ca and Mg showed difference in concentration among media: P and Mg were the highest in vermiculite in vermiculti+rice hull, K in perlite+vermiculite and Ca in perlite+peatmoss; with the lowest in the single perlite medium respectively, Ca of mineral made fairly higest level in concentration compared with the others in all of the media. The concentration of mineral content was lower in the ratio of 8:2 than that of 10:0. Admitting that the pH made difference depending on the kind of substrates and ratios of NO3--N to NH4--N. The pH of 10:0 ratio in all the substrates was higher and more stable than that of 8:2. The range of EC in all the substrates showed from 1.78ds·m-1 to 2.10 ds·m-1, which was optimum range for growth of sweet pepper, and range of EC is larger in 8:2 ratio than that in 10:0 ratio. Plant height and stem diameter were nothing to do with the kind of substrates, but leaf area was the largest at vermiculite+rice hull of the 8:2 ratio, fresh and dry weights were heavier at peatmoss+carbonized rice hull, but were the lightest at perlite. All indexes related to the growth which had something to do with the kind of substrates higher in 8:2 ratio than those in 10:0 ratio. The number of fruit and fresh weight related to the ratio of the 8:2 were the highest as 17.5 at vermiculite+rice hull with 1,588g of fresh weight, while the yield from perlite was the lowest. The number of fruit was the highest as 16.4 at virmiculite+rice hull, yield was the higest as 1,394a at perlite+ peatmoss. The yield of 8:2 ratio at all substrates was higher than that of 10:0 ratio. Of the mineral content related to the plant part, K+ and Mg2+ were higher in concentration at leaf; Ca2+ were higher at root; PO4- was higher at stem and fruit; The content of mineral showed no difference between the ratio of the 8:2 and the ratio of the 10:0 with no regrading to the difference of mineral content among substrates; and K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ uptake of sweet pepper were higher at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2; 2while PO4- uptake of sweet pepper was lower at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2 ratio.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature and shade, which are basic environmental conditions, on growth, yield, inorganic components, and general components of Codonopsis lanceolata, in order to obtain basic data for improving yield capacity. In natural light, in the 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ groups, the plant heights ranged between 218.9 cm and 223.9 cm, and there was no significant difference between groups. However, the leaf size was larger in shade, and the leaf area was significantly larger in the 15 and $30^{\circ}C$ groups. In natural light, root length and diameter were shorter and thinner when the temperature was higher, and growth was highly suppressed at $30^{\circ}C$. With regards to macroelements, the contents of Na, Mg, and P increased as temperature increased, regardless of the plant part; however, no constant tendency was observed in K and Ca according to temperature. The contents of Mg and Ca (from highest to lowest) were in the order leaf>stem>root, whereas the contents of Na, P, and K were in the order stem>leaf>root. Contents of general components varied according to temperature, and were highest at $30^{\circ}C$. While the plant height was increased under the constant $25^{\circ}C$+DIF (Difference between day and night temperature) condition, growth was suppressed in the -DIF group, in which the night temperature was higher than the day temperature, which suggests that a change in night temperature is one of the factors that affects the growth of C. lanceolata. As in the growth of the above-ground parts, fresh weight of the root was high in the constant $25^{\circ}C$ group and +DIF group. Notably, it was more than 2.5 times the fresh weights in the constant $15^{\circ}C$ group, constant $20^{\circ}C$ group, and -15 DIF group.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2008

A new peanut variety "Seonan" (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, in Milyang in 2007. It was developed from the cross between the erect short stem cultivar "SP9128" and the high-yielding cultivar "Daekwang". "Seanan" which is Virginia plant type has 18 branch number per plant with early maturing and long-ellipse shaped large kernel. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and 100 seed weight was 87 g in the regional yield trials (RYT). Especially this variety has resistance to lodging owing to short stem. The free sugar and tannin content of fresh peanut are 3.7% and 0.48%, respectively, similar to check variety. In the regional yield trials "Seonan" was outyielded than check variety by 14% with 8.59 MT/ha for fresh pod and by 7% with 3.75 MT/ha for grain.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2013

In this study, the availability of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) solution as an alternative for synthetic nutrient solution was determined by monitoring the growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Unicon'). Treatments for nutrient solution were consist of SCB 1/2N, 1N, 2N, and commercial nutrient solution 1N (CNS 1N) based on nitrogen concentration (218.32 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) of cherry tomato nutrient solution (control 1N). All nutrient solution including SCB solution (440~520 mL per day) was supplied to rock wool medium using a timer. After 31 days of transplanting, fresh and dry weights of shoots, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value and number of node were measured. After measuring growth characteristics of tomato plants, total fruit yield, ratio of marketable fruit yield, fruit weight, total soluble solids content, total acidity, total phenolic concentration, and antioxidant capacity were determined once a week for 7 weeks. As a result, among the SCB treatments, SCB 1/2N was similar to control 1N and CNS 1N in terms of fresh and dry weights of shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, number of node, and SPAD value. Increased N concentration of SCB inhibited the growth of tomato plants. Total fruit yield of SCB 1/2N was 47% of that of control 1N which showed the best result. Percentage of marketable fruit yield in SCB 1/2N was about 58%. Soluble solids contents, total acidity, total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity was the highest in SCB 2N and the other treatments were not shown any difference. Blossom-end rot rarely occurred in control 1N and CNS 1N while SCB treatments without Ca induced the physiological disorder of 7~19%. In conclusion, SCB 1/2N was good for the vegetative growth of cherry tomato plants but reduced yield and quality of fruit compared with control 1N and CNS 1N. Thus, it is possible to apply SCB solution to grow cherry tomato plants hydroponically but in the consideration of fruits yield and quality additional supply of several minerals would be required.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.311-322
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• 2015

The study was conducted on growth and yield of potatoes in a wick hydroponic culture as affected by concentration of aqueous extracts in order to develop natural agricultural resources using Persicaria longiseta. Each 500 ml of distilled water (control) and P. blumei extracts (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) was applied to potato plants at 5 d intervals from 1 d after potato transplanting. The potatoes with P. blumei extract emerged 1 d earlier and had 0.3 to 0.4 more stem numbers per plant compared with those of control plot. The plant height was higher in plots with P. blumei extract than in control in early stage of potatoes (50 d), but there was no significant difference observed after mid-stage of potatoes (70 and 90 d). The stem diameter and fresh weight of potatoes estimated a higher values in plots with P. blumei extract than in control plots, although there was no statistical difference. The 100% P. blumei extract increased by up to $13.8kg/m^2$ of potato yield. The numbers of tubers in classes of < 5 g and 5 to 30 g per plant did not show a specific trend among experimental treatments while it in class of > 30 g was much higher in plots with P. blumei extract than in control plot. Accordingly, the P. blumei extract had a positive effect on the growth and yield of potatoes, could be applied as of eco-friendly fertilizers

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2008

Roots of Ophiorrhiza prostrata D. Don serve as a rich source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer drug. Because of the large-scale collection of its roots, the plant has become a threatened species. The present study accomplishes the induction of adventitious roots as a means for the production of CPT as well as for the large-scale propagation of this anticancer drug plant using leaf and internode explants. The biomass yield and CPT content of adventitious roots induced from different explants were compared to roots developed on ex vitro rooted stem cuttings. Adventitious roots were produced on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $10.74{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid and $2.32{\mu}M$ kinetin at mean fresh weights of 0.753, 0.739 and 0.748 g roots from leaf, internode and shoot, respectively. CPT yield from in vitro derived roots after 50, 80 and 120 days of incubation (0.028, 0.06 and 0.1% dry weight, respectively) was not significantly different from those harvested at the same age from ex vitro rooted (0.03, 0.06 and 0.13%, respectively) stem cuttings. CPT from subcultured roots derived from solid (0.08%) medium was lower than from suspension culture medium (0.12%). Subsequent cultures of the adventitious roots showed a stable production of CPT (0.16%). The yield of CPT from 360-day-old plant-derived roots was 0.19%. Elicitation using methyl jasmonate and acetyl salicylic acid exhibited no enhancement in CPT yield. In vitro propagation through direct shoot regeneration was achieved from the adventitious roots upon transfer to MS medium with $8.87{\mu}M$ $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) and $2.46{\mu}M$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with a mean of 21.2 shoots per culture in 50 days. The shoots upon subculture on medium having the same level of BA and IBA underwent rapid proliferation. The shoots transferred to field conditions after in vitro rooting exhibited 95% survival. Adventitious root induction, from leaf and internode explants, enables the feasible production of CPT as well as the large-scale rapid propagation of this species which can safeguard it from extinction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, forage production and crude protein yield according to cutting time of Soghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass Hybrid, and decide ideal harvesting time for use of soiling and silage. Experiment design was arranged with 7 different treatment T1(150 m), T2(200 cm), T3(boot), T4(heading), T5(milk), T6(dough) and T7(yellow stage), as a randomized block design. The results were as fellows : Cutting times of utilization during the course of a year was 4 times at T1 and T2, 3 times at T3 and T4, and 2 times at T5, T6 and T7. Accumulative plant length was the highest at T2(666cm), but T3 was the lowest as 402 cm. Mean Leaf length was the highest at T5(82.1 m) and lowest at T7(T1.8 m). Mean leaf width was the highest at T2 and lowest at T6. Stem diameter was orderly ranked as T3(10.7 mm)>T1(9.5)>T2, T5(9.3>T6(8.9)>T7(8.6)>T4(8.5). Stem hardness was orderly ranked as $T7(3.2 kg/cm^2$>T5, T6(2.3)>T3, T4(1.5)> T2(0.6)>T7(8.6)>T1(0.5). Mean of leaf number and leaf ratio was the highest at $T3(8.1\%)$ and $T2(45.3\%)$, respectively. The highest yield of fresh and dry matter was obtained at T4 and T6 as 113,246 and 24,249 kg/ha, respectively(P<0.05), and e lowest at T7 and T1 as 82,675 and 13,006 kg/ha, respectively(P<0.05). Crude protein yield was highest at T6(1.456 kg/ha) and lowest at T3 as 1,189 kg/ha. As mentioned above the result T1, T2 and T3 could be recommended as use of soiling, and T5, T6 and T7 as silage.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.78-83
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• 2024

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of changes in the light environment caused by the daylight disturbance on the growth, flowering, and cut flower quality of spray chrysanthemums. The spray chrysanthemum 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang' cultivars for cut flowers were artificially shaded to interfere with 66% of sunlight compared to the non-shading, and then the growing and flowering characteristics, and cut flower yield were investigated accordingly. There was no significant difference in the cut flower yield per unit area between the shading and the non-shading treatments. However, the number of days to flowering was 72.1 days for the 'Yellow Cap' and 65.2 days for the 'Pitch PangPang', which were delayed by 14.1 and 8.9 days, respectively, compared to the non-shading light. In the shading treatment, the flower diameter and the number of flowers also decreased by 10% and 15%, and 30% and 28% for both 'Yellow Cap' and 'Pitch PangPang', respectively. The stem length also decreased by 10% and 20%, the stem diameter by 23% and 37%, and fresh weight by 32% and 33%, respectively. The shading treatment delayed the flowering of chrysanthemums and reduced the growth such as flower diameter, number of flowers, and the length and weight of cut flowers. Based on these results, the daylight disturbance by artificial buildings is expected to reduce the productivity and quality of cut flowers by limiting the light intensity needed for chrysanthemum growth, flower bud differentiation, and flower development. Therefore, further research is needed on the rate of decrease in yield and market value according to the degree of shading to relieve damage to chrysanthemum growers caused by the daylight disturbance.