• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.571-575
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• 2019

Fungal occurrence during production of dried red pepper was investigated using red pepper samples collected at harvest, before and after washing, and before, during or after drying. Fungal incidence was evaluated by counting the number of fungal colonies grown after incubating random pepper cuts on potato dextrose agar plates. Washing with ground water had no significant effect on reduction of fungal contamination. Fungal increase was observed in some samples, and the insides of washer and containers were contaminated with fungi. Drying caused significant fungal increase regardless of drying method although the fungal incidence after machine drying was lower than that after greenhouse drying. Fungal increase was observed in the samples being dried in a greenhouse and some mycotoxigenic species were also detected. Therefore, the most important control point for fungal contamination during dried pepper production appears to be the drying process, especially in a greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.392-399
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• 2007

This study was carried out to assess optimum conditions of peatmoss-based substrates for red pepper plug seedlings. Peatmoss-based substrates prepared by mixing of peatmoss with vermiculite, perlite, rice hull and zeolite at various mixing ratios were used for growing pepper plug seedlings. The physical and chemical properties of the peatmoss substrate were analyzed by the CEN(European committee for standardization) method. Fresh and dry weights (shoot, root), leaf area, root length and T/R ratio (dry shoot weight/dry root weight) were determined at 55 days after sowing. The results showed that the growing media PVSZ 6 (peatmoss:silver vermiculite: zeolite=6:3.9:0.1) and PVGZ 6 (peatmoss:gold vermiculite: zeolite=6:3.9:0.1) can successfully be used for red pepper plug seedlings judging from dry weight and T/R ratio of the plug seedlings. The optimal ranges of total pore space, water volume, air volume, easily available water content and water buffering capacity of the peatmoss based growing media for pepper plug seedlings were 87~93%, 52~71%, 20~41%, 10~37% and 0.6~10%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2000

Control effects of phosphorous acid were investigated on three diseases. For Phytophthora blight of red pepper, protective and curative effects of phosphorous acid at the concentration of $1,408{\mu}g$ a. i./mL were 91.0% and 80.0%, respectively. In case of late blight of tomato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, protective and curative effects were 63.4% and 13.0% at the same concentration, respectively. However, the protective and curative effects of phosphorous acid increased by decreasing inoculum density of Phytophthora infestans. The protective effects of phosphorous acid on control of Phytophthora blight of red pepper was persisted for 4 days with high control efficacy (94.0%). The protective and curative effects of phosphorous acid ($1,408{\mu}g$ a. i./mL) on cucumber downy mildew were 82.0% and 62.0% respectively. The foliar application of phosphorous acid also promoted shoot growth and fresh weight of red pepper.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.563-570
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• 2001

To develop a stalk detaching system the effect of shape factor of red pepper affecting the performance of unfolding, arranging and cutting was analysed. The obtained results are as follows : By cutting experiment, it was found that the bending of stalk affected the cutting rate of stalk, and that the bending of body increased the amount of peppers that were expelled from the cutting guide by conveying brush. The ratios, 'bending length of a body/body length'and 'bending length of a stalk/stalk length', could be used as criteria far abnormality of body and stalk of peppers, respectively. As a result of experiment, it was concluded that mechanical treatment would be difficult for the peppers with indexes greater than 0.4 and 0.3 fur body bending and stack bending. respectively. So, these indexes were used as criteria for distinguishing abnormality from normality of peppers. In the unfolding unit, conveyance of peppers was impossible for both of normal and abnormal ones at the inclination angle of 10°, especially, at the frequency of 8.3 Hz peppers maintained stationary state. At the inclination angle of 20°, both of normal and abnormal peppers showed similar tendencies, but abnormal ones showed an accumulation trend gradually with increased feeding speed. In the arranging unit, conveyance of peppers was almost impossible for both of normal and abnormal ones at the inclination angle of 20°, showing almost no difference between the conveyances of normal and abnormal ones. In the case of the inclination angle of 30°, at the condition of the feeding speeds and frequency corresponding 0.06 m/s, 0.08 m/s and 8.3 Hz, respectively, the passing time of the abnormal peppers on the arranging plate increased rapidly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

This study was performed to find out drying characteristics and develop waste heat recovery dryer. this system was initiated in order to recover discharged waste heat of drying air from drying chamber in agricultural products dryer and recycle for additional heat source that could save drying cost. The system consists of drying chamber, fan, burner, circulation pump and heat exchanger made of fins and tubes. For the system performance, drying experiments with fresh pepper were conducted, and comparisons on fuel consumption amount and drying performance were made between conventional dryer and the heat recovery system attached dryer.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2012

As the advanced seeding technology through use of plug tray for good cultivation of seeds was propagated along with the expansion and development of horticultural industry, the use of bed soils as growing medium has recently been increased. In this study, the effects of the four clay minerals such as illite, phyllite, zeolite, and bentonite on the early growth of red pepper in the bed soil were investigated. Furthermore, proteome analysis for the leaf and stem samples of red pepper treated with only illite was performed. Of the seedling cultured, the healthy and regular size seeds were selected and cultivated in the pots, after they were treated with four clay minerals. The experiment was performed during the whole six weeks in the glasshouse of the Chungbuk National University. The growth lengths, fresh and dry weights of red pepper were significantly higher in the treatments of illite, phyllite, zeolite, and bentonite than in the control. In addition, the uptake of $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were higher in the treatment of illite, phyllite, zeolite, and bentonite than in the control. The 2-DE patterns for the red pepper by the applications of illite, phyllite, zeolite, and bentonite were similar to each other. Therefore, compared to the samples of control, the proteome analysis for the samples of red pepper treated by only illite were performed. Proteome analysis for red pepper showed that plastid fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase class 1, aldolase, and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, all of which were involved in the energy metabolism, were highly expressed in leaf tissue by illite treatment. In stem tissue, NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase involved in energy metabolism, potassium transport protein, and GIA/RGA-like gibberellins response modulator were highly expressed. Based on the results obtained from the proteome analysis, it appears that the proteins specifically and differentially expressed on the illite treatment may be involved in the enhanced growth of red pepper. The identification of some proteins involved in the response of vegetable crops to the treatment of clay mineral can provide new insights that can lead to a better elucidation and understanding of mechanism on their molecular basis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.130-138
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• 1986

In order to obtain the basic data for development of raw pepper homogenates as instant spice, effects of preservatives, packaging materials, storage temperature and period on chemical components of raw pepper homogenates were investigated during storage after sealing up. The results are as follows: 1. Raw pepper homogenates added 15% sodium chloride was effective prominently than raw pepper homogenates on residual contents of acidity, capsanthin and capsaicin. 2. P. V. D. C film was effective than P. E film in sealing of raw pepper homogenates. 3. Decomposition of capsanthin was exceeded at high temperature during the sealed storage of raw pepper homogenates and decomposition of capsaicin was accelerated at initial stage of storage and also it was decreased prominently by adding of sodium chloride. 4. Decomposition of vitamin C during the storage was exceeded at high temperature and it was prominently suppressed by adding of sodium chloride. 5. Increase of total viable cell count and lactic acid bacteia count was prominently suppressed by adding of sodium chloride and its difference for storage temperature was disregarded.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.424-428
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• 2013

Microbiological contamination of 4 vegetables (garlic, red pepper, perilla leaf and lettuce) collected from 10 restaurants around university was examined. The vegetables were evaluated for total plate count, coliforms, psychrophiles, yeast, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of total plate count showed the highest value as $5.4{\pm}0.69$ log CFU/g in lettuce, following by $4.8{\pm}1.53$ log CFU/g in red pepper, $4.5{\pm}1.65$ log CFU/g in perilla leaf and $3.4{\pm}1.27$ log CFU/g in garlic. The contamination level of coliforms and psychrophiles were highest in red pepper with maximum as 4.7 log CFU/g and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. Red pepper of psychrophiles showed the highest average value as $5.0{\pm}1.82$ log CFU/g followed by $4.2{\pm}1.91$ log CFU/g in lettuce, $4.7{\pm}1.55$ log CFU/g in perilla leaf and $2.4{\pm}2.10$ log CFU/g in garlic. The average number of yeasts were highest in perilla leaf with $4.4{\pm}1.41$ log CFU/g and were lowest in garlic with $0.9{\pm}1.41$ log CFU/g. The contamination level of S. aureus was detected in 27 samples among the total 40 samples with the range of 0.5-5.2 log CFU/g. In conclusion, the microbial quality of the fresh vegetables evaluated in this study was not very good. Therefore, it needs to be enhanced through the good sanitation management and production and distribution methods to improve the safety of fresh vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the impact of elevated temperature in growing season on the growth and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by cultivating pepper in the temperature gradient tunnels. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight increased at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature, whereas each leaf area decreased as temperature increased. The plants grown under ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature showed the greatest number of flower and fruit. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter decreased as the temperature increasing gradually. Total fruit number, total fruit weight and total dry fruit weight was the highest at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. Major free sugars of red pepper fruit were fructose and glucose. Free sugar content of red pepper according to the differences in harvesting times and in growth temperature showed a little differences. The yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature increased by 13% compared with the control. However, the yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ temperature decreased by 20% as compared to control. Non-marketable fruits (diseased fruit, malformed fruit and small sized fruit) increased as the temperature rised.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.508-512
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• 2000

Growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) 'Kumtap', tomato (Lycoperisocon esculentum) 'Seokwang', petunia (Petunia hybrida) 'Madness Rose', and pansy (Viola tricolor) 'Magestic Giant' in mixtures of chestnut woodchips and granular rockwool at 25:75, 50:50, or 75:25 (v/v) was examined. Chestnut woodchips were soaked in water for 48 hours or aged in open field for 6 months in order to remove substances impeding plant growth. A commercial plug medium was used as the control. All treatments showed in a similar result in red pepper, petunia, and pansy. Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content in media containing chestnut woodchips, especially in higher proportions, were poorer as compared to those in the control. On the contrary, height, fresh weight, and dry weight of tomato seedlings in media containing woodchips were significantly higher than those in the control. For petunia, pansy, and red pepper, six month ageing in open field of woodchips was more favorable for growth than 48 hour water soaking. Emergance of petunia seed was inferior, especially when woodchip content was higher, to the other crops with a resultant growth suppression. From the results, chestnut woodchips proved to be a practical material as a medium component only in tomato plants.