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Antioxidant Activity of Hwangki and Beni-Koji Extracts and Mixture (황기와 홍국추출물 및 혼합물의 항산화 활성)

  • Kim, Jae-Won;Kim, Soon-Dong;Youn, Kwang-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of liquid beni-koji (LBK), 70% ethanol extracts of beni-koji (EEB) and water extract of Hwangki (WEH). The yields of freeze dried powder of LBK, EEB and WEH were 32.17 g/L, 23.61 g/kg and 196.33 g/kg, respectively. Electron donating ability at 1% (w/v) of LBK, EEB and WEH were 82.67%, 15.71% and 8.60%; reducing power (OD700) were 2.06, 1.64 and 0.45, respectively. SOD-like activities were 24.32%, 11.11%, and 17.94%; nitrite scavenging activities were 74.92%, 72.31% and 31.83%, respectively. TBARS (%) were in order of LBK (69.65%)> EEB (67.32%)> WEH (4.42%). Electron donating ability at 1% (w/v) of EEB : WEH (1:1, w/w. EW), LBK : WEH (1:1, w/w. LW), EEB : LBK: WEH (1:1:1, w/w. ELW) were 14.58%, 60.66% and 20.42%; reducing power ($OD_{700}$) were 1.06, 2.01 and 1.71; SOD-like activities were 18.50%, 26.94% and 18.25%, respectively. While nitrite scavenging activities and TBARS (%) of ELW was higher than those of other materials. Total polyphenol content of LBK, EEB, WEH, EW, LW, ELW were 3.98%, 3.61%, 3.02%, 3.23%, 3.46% and 3.38%; total flavonoid content were 0.89%, 3.91%, 0.30%, 2.59%, 0.46% and 2.33%, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that mixture of LBK, EEB and WEH could be used as a source of antioxidant ingredients in the food industry.

Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Sulgidduk (Rice Cake) Added with Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Powder (치아시드 분말을 첨가한 설기떡의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • O, Hyeonbin;Choi, Byung Bum;Kim, Young-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2017
  • Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) originated from Central America is a highly nutritious food containing large amounts of linolenic acid, dietary fiber, and protein. This study investigated the quality properties and antioxidant activities of Sulgidduk prepared with chia seed powder as a functional material. Freeze-dried chia seed powder was replaced with 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% of rice flour. The addition of chia seed powder did not affect water content, whereas the pH value of the chia seed group decreased as compared to the control. For color measurements, a and b values increased as the amount of chia seed powder increased, whereas L value decreased. Hardness and chewiness of Sulgidduk with chia seed powder were lower than those of the control, whereas springiness of the chia seed group was higher than that of the control. Cohesiveness was not significantly different in all samples. According to retrogradation analysis based on changes in hardness during storage, it was confirmed that addition of chia seed powder inhibited aging of Sulgidduk. Retrogradation of CSP5 was the slowest. Consumer acceptability analysis did not show significant differences in all samples. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents tended to significantly increase as chia seed content increased. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of Sulgidduk were also elevated due to addition of chia seeds. From the results, addition of chia seed softened texture, inhibited aging, and enhanced antioxidant activities of Sulgidduk. It is concluded that addition of 5% chia seed powder, which showed high effectiveness for aging, is the most suitable for commercialization.

Periodontal Response According to the Timing of Orthodontic Force Application alter Bone Graft into Angular Bony Defect in the Dog (성견에서 수직적 골결손부에 골이식후 교정력 적용시기에 따른 치주조직의 반응)

  • Lee, Sang-Yeol;Lee, Ki-Heon;Hwang, Hyeon-Shik
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.31 no.3 s.86
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    • pp.369-379
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    • 2001
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the periodontal response according to the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft into the angular bony defect. Nine dogs were divided into three groups, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, according to the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft. Periodontal angular bony defects were created surgically at the distal aspect of both maxillary third incisors. Two weeks later, flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of the bottom of each defect. Demineralized freeze-dried bone was implanted on the left side whereas only debridement was done on the other side. Experimental tooth movement was executed during 8 weeks on both graft and non-graft sides. After 2 weeks of retention period, animals were sacrificed for histologic specimens. The results were obtained as follows 1 New bone formation was more pronounced in the graft side than in the non-grad side in all experimental animals. 2. In the 6-week group, new bone and cementum formation was observed in more than half from the notch to the cemento-enamel junction, and the zone of connective tissue attachment was found without apical migration of junctional epithelium. 3. In the 4-week group, the amount of new bone formation was smaller than in the 6-week group whereas the overall remodeling pattern was similar. 4. New bone formation was confined to around the notch and the junctional epithelium migrated apically to the level of the notch with no connective tissue attachment and cementum formation in the 2-week group. The results of the present study suggest that periodontal response may be influenced by the timing of orthodontic force application after bone graft into angular bony defect.

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Synthesis and Functional Properties of Plastein from the Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Filefish Protein 2. General Properties and IR Spectrum of Plasteins (말쥐치육 단백질의 효소적 가수분해물을 이용한 Plastein의 합성 및 그 물성 2. Plastein의 일반적 성상과 IR Spectrum)

  • KIM Se-Kwon;LEE Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.431-440
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    • 1987
  • In order to develop a new type of food source for the effective utilization of fish protein, plastein reaction was applied to improve the functional properties of filefish protein. Plasteins were synthesized from a peptic filefish protein hydrolysate by papain, pepsin, $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ and protease(from Streptomyces griceus) under the optimum conditions of previous paper). Also, L-glutamic acid diethylester and L-leucine ethylester were incorporated into plastein during the plastein reaction by papain. And, General composition, yield, molecular weight, amino acid composition, color and IR spectrum of plasteins were measured. The protein, ash and lipid content of the plasteins were $72\~78\%,\;7.4\~11.8\%\;and\;0.3\~0.9\%$ respectively. The yield of plasteins were papain $55.0\%,\;pepsin\;47.6\%,\;\alpha-chymotrypsin\;38.3\%,\;protease\;23.6\%$, glutamic acid-incorporated plastein (Glu-Plastein) $35.0\%$, and leucine-incorporated plastein (Leu-plastein) $45.7\%$. The glutamic acid and leucine content in Glu-plastein and Leu-plastein were $38.7\%,\;41,7\%$, respectively, while the contents in the peptic filefish protein hydrolysate were $16.01\%\;and\;8.16\%$, respectively. The amino acid compositions were similar to that of the original filefish muscle protein. The major molecular weights of the peptic hydrolysate estimated by gel filteration were 2,000 and 310, and those of plasteihs were 21,000 and 4,900 for papain, 24,000 for pepsin, 18,500 for $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ 6,700 for protease, 24,000 for Glu-plastein and 17,000 for Leu-plastein. The structural changes in freeze-dried filefish meat, the FPC and hydrolysate were not observed on the IR spectrum. But plasteins showed amide I band in $1,600\~l,700cm^{-1}$ range and resulted in a strong band in $800\~850\;cm^{-1},\;700\~750\;cm^{-1}\;and\;650\~700\;cm^{-1}$. The amide I band of Glu-plastein was wider than those of other plasteins and had also a small band at $1,440\;cm^{-1}$.

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Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on the Characteristics of Gel Made from Arrowroot Starch in Korea Cultivars (국내산 칡 전분 젤 특성에 미치는 가열처리 조건의 영향)

  • Lee, Seog-Won;Kim, Hyo-Won;Han, Sung-Hee;Rhee, Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.387-395
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of starch concentrations and heating conditions on the gel characteristics of arrowroot starch. Arrowroot starch gels with various pHs, and starch concentrations, were prepared using different temperatures and heating times, and then stored for 24 hrs at $4^{\circ}C$. The hardness of sample gels made at pH 2.0 and 4.0 increased as the starch concentration increased from 7% to 10%, with the maximum value of 94 N being obtained when the gel was prepared at pH 4.0 with a starch concentration of 10%. The maximum hardness of samples prepared with concentrations of starch ranging from 7~9% appeared at $80^{\circ}C$, regardless of the heating temperature and time. Furthermore, the hardness of samples prepared at greater than $100^{\circ}C$ was relatively lower than that of samples prepared at other temperatures. When a starch concentration of 8% was used, the degree of gelatinization(DR) increased as the heating temperature increased, with the maximum value of DR being about 76% at $120^{\circ}C$, regardless of heating time. After storage for 24 hrs, the hardness of samples prepared at $70^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ appeared to decrease, while that of samples prepared at $100^{\circ}C$, $110^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$ increased. The correlation between hardness and the degree of gelatinization or retrogradation was very high when samples were prepared at $80^{\circ}C$ with a starch concentration of 9%, as indicated by a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.95. Overall, the microstructures of freeze-dried arrowroot starch gel were composed of a continuous network of amylose and amylopectin with fragmented ghost structures in an excluded phase, but these ghost structures were more evident after storage and with increased heating temperature.

A Study on the Fermentative Abilities and Baking Properties of Commercial Yeast (시판 빵 효모의 발효 특성 및 제빵성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Won-Joo;Hahn Young-Sook
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.529-536
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    • 2004
  • In this study, the author examined the fermentative abilities and baking properties of commercial baker's yeasts and suggested the fundamental data for the development of the yeast products industry. Carbon dioxide production, expansion abilities of doughs, and maltose fermentative abilities were measured with commercial yeasts. The fermentative abilities of various bread doughs were determined in comparison to a reference yeast and a selected yeast from commercial yeast. Various breads were prepared by these two yeasts and their sensory properties were evaluated. Y7, followed by Y5 and Y4, showed higher ability than any other commercial yeasts in the gassing power of the dough, as measured by a Meissle fermenter. In the expansion abilities of the doughs made from various yeasts by M-Cylinder, Y7, followed by Y4 and Y5, showed the best expansion ability the results were similar to those for gassing power. Therefore, Y7 was selected. The maltose fermentative abilities of various yeasts in Atkin's liquid medium showed a higher value in Y5, Y7 and Y 4. Selected yeast Y7 and the reference yeast K were used for determining the fermentative abilities of various bread doughs. For the various breads prepared by K and Y7, the qualities of the breads such as volume, weight and specific volume were measured. The volume by Y7 was higher in the straight dough bread, and that by K was higher in the sponge dough bread. In the sweet dough bread, both Y7 and K were excellent groups for it. Sensory properties of various breads made from K scored high on the items such as external properties and color in the straight dough bread. It also acquired a good score on the item of the crusts in the sweet dough bread. The overall acceptability of Y7 and K were similar.

Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Korea on Differentiation and Secretion of MCP-1 and Adiponectin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Hepatocytes (한국인 다소비 채소의 에탄올 추출물이 3T3-L1 지방세포와 HepG2 간장세포의 지질축적, MCP-1과 Adiponectin의 분비에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Eun Mi;Kang, Hyun Ju;Kim, Young;Choe, Jeong Sook;Kang, Min-Sook
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.99-110
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of commonly consumed vegetables in Korea on lipid accumulation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines related to obesity/metabolic syndrome. Using KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) raw data ($1^{st}$; 1998, $5^{th}$; 2010, 2011) and a literature search, we selected vegetables for study. Edible portions of samples were prepared, ethanol-extracted, and then freeze-dried. 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes cells were used as in vitro models. Lipid accumulation determined by Oil-red O staining showed that all samples except bracken had inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Especially, crown daisy and mugwort effectively reduced accumulation of lipids, and their inhibition rates were more than 60% of the control group. Young pumpkin, leeks, crown daisy, and mugwort showed significantly decreased MCP-1 levels compared to the control group. However, adiponectin protein level did not increase in the vegetables experimental group. In HepG2 hepatocytes, all samples showed inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation at one of the two concentrations. Although adiponectin protein levels did not increase, MCP-1 protein levels decreased in adipocytes. Further, lipid accumulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes decreased. In conclusion, all samples showed one or more improved obesity/metabolic syndrome indicators. Among them, young pumpkin, leeks, crown daisy, and mugwort were selected as the most effective portions of vegetables based on improvement of obesity/metabolic syndrome-related indicators.

The Evaluation of Various Conditions in the Cryopreservation of Primordial Germ Cells on Korean Native Chicken (Ogye) (한국재래닭(오계)의 원시 생식 세포의 냉동 보존에 있어서 여러 조건의 평가)

  • Kim, Hyun;Cho, Young Moo;Han, Jae Yong;Choi, Sung Bok;Byun, Mi Jeong;Kim, Young Sin;Ko, Yeoung-Gyu;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Kim, Sung Woo
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.249-259
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    • 2014
  • Cryopreserving cells which are maintaining their viability are the very complex process. This study has been carried out in order to find the effects of cryopreservation steps and freezing media on the rates of viability of cryopreserved chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). PGCs obtained from the germinal gonade of 5.5~6 day (stage 28) chick embryos of Korean Ogye (KO) and Commercial breeds (C), using the MACS method were suspended in a freezing medium containing a freezing and protecting agents (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG)). Gonads were harvested from stage 28 chick embryos and pooled in groups of 5, 10, 15, 20E embryos, contributing gonads to the cell suspension. The gonadal cells, including PGCs, were then frozen in 1 of the following cryoprotectant treatments : 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 0% cryoprotectant (DMSO, EG, PG) as a control. Effects of exposure to slow freezing and vitrification, with different concentrations of the cryoprotectant solution, were examined. After vitrification and slow freezing, survival rates of the frozen-thawed PGCs from the 10% EG plus FBS treatment were 85.63%, and 66.14% (p<0.05), respectively. The viability of PGCs after freeze-thawing was significantly higher for 10% EG plus FBS treatment than for 10% PG + FBS treatment (p<0.05) (85.63% vs 66.81%) by vitrification. This study established a method for preserving chicken PGCs that enables systematic storage and labeling of cryopreserved PGCs in liquid ($LN_2$) at a germplasm repository and ease of entry into a data base. In the future, the importance for this new technology is that poultry lines can be conserved while work is being conducted on improving the production of germline chimeras.

Study on the Nutritional Components of Non-Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Bran (일반쌀겨와 발효쌀겨의 영양성분에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Hyun-Im;Lee, Bok-Kyu;Kim, Soo-Jung
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2010
  • In this study, nutritional analysis was done on regular rice bran and fermented rice bran toward increasing their availability and use. Regular and fermented rice bran were extracted 10 times at $98^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours each with water, extracted with 60% ethanol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, then concentrated and extracted twice by freeze-drying. When rice bran was fermented, moisture, protein, and ash contents increased, while fats and carbohydrates decreased. Out of fatty acids, the saturated fatty acid content of regular rice ran was found to be 17.7%, and 20.5% when fermented while the unsaturated fatty acid components of rice ran and fermented rice bran were found to be 82.3 and 79.5%, respectively. In both kinds of bran, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid represented over 90% of the fatty acid content. In rice bran the fatty acid composition was 15.1% palmitic acid, 40.6% oleic acid and 39.5% linoleic acid, while that of fermented rice bran was 13.2% palmitic acid, 43.2% oleic acid and 31.3% linoleic acid. Out of free sugars fermented rice bran contained 0% fructose, 0.0099% glucose, 0.0039% maltose and 0.3233% sucrose. These results with which those of regular rice bran were silmilar were according to the normal sugar composition of rice in general. The vitamin C content of rice bran was 53 mg/100 g and that of fermented rice bran 7 mg/100 g. In neither kind of rice bran was vitamin A detected. Out of 18 minerals analyzed, Ca, K, Mg, and Mn were the most abundant minerals in both kinds of rice bran. Fermented rice bran had a higher K content with 3,163 mg/100 g, than normal rice bran, Mg content was 1,178 mg/100g. Fermented rice bran had a higher total mineral content.

Development of Functional Food Materials from Acanthopanax senticosus-Fermented Mushroom Mycelia (가시오가피 버섯균사체 발효물의 기능성 식품 소재 개발)

  • Cho, Ju-Hyun;Choi, Goo-Hee;Park, In-Jae;Baik, Soon-Ok;Kim, Hyung-Ha;Kim, Choong-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.411-418
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    • 2014
  • Three mushroom mycelia, Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceum, and Phellinus linteus, were separately diluted with the natural culture media Acanthopanax senticosus. Solid-state fermentation was used to produce three different A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelium groups: G. lucidum mycelia, H. erinaceum mycelia, and P. linteus mycelia. The resulting mycelia were analyzed to assess their efficacies as health functional foods. Optimized fermentation conditions were determined by considering the density and growth speed of mycelia in each A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelium group. The cultured mushroom mycelia under the optimized conditions were extracted using water and 70% ethanol. Extraction was followed by filtration, concentration and freeze-drying to produce extract powder of A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelia: Water extracts (FM-5111, FM-5121, and FM-5131) and 70% ethanol extracts (FM-5112, FM-5122, and FM-5132). Analysis of extract powder of A. senticosus-fermented mushroom mycelia was performed using the maker compounds eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E. Analysis of ${\beta}$-glucan contents was performed by enzymatic procedures.