• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.239-257
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• 2020

This study analyzes the degree of freedom with three aspects: as academic knowledge, in the curriculum focused on textbooks, and students' understanding of the degree of freedom. The results provide five critical points. First, we need discussions on whether to include the degree of freedom in the curriculum. Second, we need to reconsider the current way textbooks are described. Third, there should be a didactical analysis to advance students' understanding of the concept of the degree of freedom. Fourth, there are limitations in learning the concept of the degree of freedom in the current textbook learning environment. Fifth, a didactical check of sampling distribution such as sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation is required. The implications were drawn that the emphasis on statistical reasoning education in the curriculum and careful consideration of introducing the t-distribution curriculum was required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.173-197
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• 2013

The study aims at providing research trends of information freedom in Korea. A total of 97 articles, which deal with issues on freedom of information from multidisciplinary areas, were selected for this study. These articles are analyzed according to academic backgrounds, research subjects, disciplinary characteristics, and each research period. The study found that the articles, which review various aspects of freedom of information, are conducted by a number of different disciplinary fields as time passed. However, there was a certain tendency that research methods, purposes, and subjects in this area are limited and biased. As a result, it suggests that expanded multidisciplinary studies are needed and that the complex nature of issues related to freedom of information should be considered.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Implant drivers are getting popular in clinical dentistry. Unlike to implant systems with external hex connection, implant drivers directly engage the implant/abutment interface. The deformation of the implant/abutment interface can be introduced while placing an implant with its implant driver in clinical situations. PURPOSE. This study evaluated the change of rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment after application of different insertion torques. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Three kinds of internal connection implants were utilized for the current study($4.5{\times}12\;mm$ Xive, $4.3{\times}11.5\;mm$ Inplant Magicgrip, $4.3{\times}12\;mm$ Implantium MF). An EstheticBase, a 2-piece top, a Dual abutment was used for its corresponding implant system. The rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment were measured before and after applying 45, 100 Ncm insertion torque. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS. Under 45 Ncm insertion torque, the rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment was significantly increased in Xive(P = .003). However, no significant change was noted in Inplant Magicgrip and Implantium MF. Under 100 Ncm torque, both in Xive(P = .0005) and Implatium MF(P = .03) resulted in significantly increased rotational freedom between the implant and its abutment. DISCUSSION. The design of the implant/implant driver interface effectively prevented the deformation of implant/abutment interface. Little change was noted in the rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment, even though the insertion torque was far beyond clinical application. CONCLUSIONS. The implant/abutment joint of internally connecting implants were quite stable under insertion torque in clinical situation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2007

The most important thing for driver's safety on the road is equipment of crash cushion as a vehicle protection safety facility. But development of crash cushion is defective because there's no rational and reality way of design. And also without an alternative plan, it rely on crash test hereby it suffers a great economic loss and wastes time. This study that uses data of cash test proves the suitability of single degree of freedom which considers the safety of passengers about three-dimensional complicated Crash Analysis. As the study analyzes the conduct of crash cushion, it want to develop the effective method of design on Single Degree of Freedom Crash Cushion. And it presents the way of crash cushion design through making a crash analysis model with single degree of freedom. To verify the validness of the crash cushion plan, with single degree of freedom plan, we make the level CC2 crash cushion and execute the crash test. A performance test brings satisfied result and a plan of single degree of freedom crash cushion is proven as an one of the way to be a good system which can design crash cushion.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.76
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• pp.305-329
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• 2010

The problem of freedom is inseparably related to human life. It makes this not to be regarded as a problem restricted to the professional domain of ethics. It suggests rather that the problem of freedom is intimately connected with the philosophical groundwork for discussing the future direction of society, culture and science, and its regulative idea, a philosophical discussion which comes up inevitably with various social, economic and political problems, and problems related to the spirit of law. In this view, when we want to explain the problem of freedom as a fundamental one in reference to future direction of humanities and to find out a solution to this, our research only in accordance with the approach of history of philosophy runs into difficulties. The reason is that the problem of freedom has nowness together with historicity. Finding this problem to be a present one in our concrete human life, we can discuss it more meaningful under the methodological frame changed and developed by philosophical reflections since the modern age. And here I think a culturalistic approach reinterpreting hermeneutic insight and pragmatistic context methodologically can provide a pertinent clue for a theoretical work to investigate the problem of freedom and to find a solution to that because this approach considers historicity and nowness. For this purpose analysing truth intersubjectively and understanding freedom critically, this article tries to reconstruct symbolic interpretation and the concept of self constructed in community of language and action as a cultural horizon of freedom.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.43-68
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• 2016

Uncovering ideological trends and varieties embedded in contemporary progressive librarianship, the depth and breath of the librarians' thoughts should be more expandable than before. That is the purpose of the study. To accomplish the purpose, this study analyzed key ideologies of American progressive librarian Zoia M. Horn(1918-2014) as reviewing carefully her biography with the inductive approach for qualitative data analysis. As a result, author suggests that the core values of Z.M. Horn's library freedom ideologies have identified as equality, intellectual freedom, and pacifism. In addition, the ingredients of these core ideologies also were identified.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 1997

When designing workplaces or arranging controls on panel, devices and controls should be placed within the reach of operator's arm or foot to guarantee effective performances. Most of the existing research on the reach volume were based on measurements of a few subject's arm reach, and limited to Caucasian and Chinese populations. Furthermore, reach volume considering foot or trunk motion have not been investigated. Range of human joint motion and that of two degrees of freedom motion are needed to generate reach volume analytically using the sweeping algorithm. However, range of two degrees of freedom motion has not been measured up to now. Therefore, range of two degrees of freedom motion was measured in this research, where 47 college students were participated voluntarily as subjects. The results showed that the motion of one joint can be limited by the motion of another motion, that is to say, the shoulder flexion was decreased significantly when the shoulder was adducted or abducted. Second, new approximate algorithms generating reach volumes were suggested, in which range of two degrees of freedom motion was used as input data. Depending upon the body segment included such as trunk, arm and leg, three types of reach volume were provided, in which the human body was modeled as a multilink system based on the robot kinematics and the sweeping method was employed. Reach volume generated analytically in this study showed statistically reasonable results when compared with that obtained from direct measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.243-264
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• 2000

It is the aim of this study to attain general knowledge of Intellectual freedom which provides the philosophical principle of our library activities. Also, this study seeks to develop the principia of intellectual freedom as the policy and guide of public libraries in Korea. In order to research the operational circumstances of intellectual freedom In our public libraries, the researcher visited 20 public libraries in the Seoul district. The results clearly confirmed the self-censorship of the librarians in selecting materials. Also, it confirmed the reality of external interventions and restrictions as well as restrictive sources originating from internal ignorance and habitual practices in our public libraries. Ultimately, such results provided a solid basis for the aim of this study to develop intellectual freedom principle as the basic ideology for public library activities in Korea.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

In this paper, a soft robotic arm which can prevent impact injury during human-robot interaction is introduced. Two degrees of freedom joint are required to realize free movement of the robotic arm. A robotic joint concept with a single degree of freedom is presented using simple inflatable elements, and then extended to form a robotic joint with two degrees of freedom joint using similar manufacturing methods. The robotic joint with a single degree of freedom has a joint angle of $0^{\circ}$ bending angle when both chamber are inflated at equal pressures and maximum bending angles of $28.4^{\circ}$ and $27.1^{\circ}$ when a single chamber if inflated. The robotic joint with two degrees of freedom also has a bending angle of $0^{\circ}$ in both direction when all three chambers are inflated at equal pressures. When either one or two chambers were pressurized, the robotic joint performed bending towards the uninflated chambers.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

For offshore structures, dynamic analysis becomes increasingly important as water depth increases and structural configuration becomes more slender. In the case of dynamic analysis of frame structures, much computer time and high cost are required due to many degrees of freedom, In this paper, a new technique of permutating a segment of frame structure to a beam is developed, which is called here Beam Permutation Technique. The technique is based on definition of stiffness matrix of the beam which is obtained by defining the actions(or forces) required to obtain unit translation or rotation for each degree of freedom wiht al other degree of freedom restrained to zero displacement or rotation. In the technique, an assumption is made that relative positions of nodes in the ends of the segment are not variable, The technique can significantly reduce the degrees of freedom of frame structures and thus the computiong time in dynamic analysis. The natural frequencies and static displacements of the permutated beam are obtained and compared to those of ANSYS with a good agreement.