• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.85-102
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• 1982

The current employment status among young home economists and perspectives in occupations for prospective Home Economics graduates were explored in this study which utilized information from 17 to 21 colleges in Korea and colleges in the United States during the five years of 1977∼1981. The Home Economics content areas covered in this study were Clothing and Textiles, Foods and Nutrition, Housing and Interior Design, and Child Development and Family Life. The highest percentage of Korean graduates in Clothing and Textiles was employed either as teachers at the junior high school level or as designers in the clothing and textile industries. Quite a number of the graduates were engaged in further studies at the graduate level. Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching at the college level and some had furthered their studies at the doctorate level either here or abroad. Koreans with a bachelor's degree in Foods and Nutrition held jobs as teachers in junior high school, dieticians at mass feeding institutions and hospitals, food scientists in food industries, and researchers in institutions. Those with a master's degree were teaching at the college level. Americans with a bachelor's degree worked as dieticians, supervisors in restaurants and institutions, extension workers, researchers at various facilities, teachers and clerks. Americans with a master's or doctorate degree were engaged in teaching at colleges or supervising at research or working as extension specialists. In general, Korean graduates were found to hold positions in less varied areas than their American counter-parts. Among forty-nine graduates those working in their professional field reported less sex discrimination that those working in other fields. The major area of employment in Housing and Interior Design or Home Management graduates in Korea was teaching while in the United States it was extension work, business, governmental work and teaching. It was suggested that in the future, career development in Korea be further explored to include extension service, research, social welfare, financial planning, business, free-lancing, funeral home, home-call, and correctional education. Interviews with executives from 6 business enterprises indicated that most of them were aware of the potential contribution home economists could make for their companies but they expressed a negative attitude towards women in general due to their short stay on the job. Jobs held by Child Development and Family Life majors with a bachelor's degree in Korea were mostly teaching positions in public, junior and senior high school. However, jobs such as nursery school teaching, working in clinical setting, business, and teaching at public, junior and senior high school predominated in the United states. Most Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching in professional colleges while in the United Stated the job variation among the graduates was rather evenly distributed among teaching at college level, public and high school, nursery school and administration areas. Reports from 7 child development majors on the job indicated that they were paid less that secretarial workers. Only half of them were working in their major area and these expressed satisfaction with their work. Two thirds of the respondents indicated no sex discrimination. It was suggested that in the future Child Development and Family Life majors pursue employment in counseling, guidance, recreation, mass media, administration and outreach work as well as education, research and parent education in services for children, teen-agers, adults and families.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

한국산 파프리카의 품종별 성분분석을 통하여 식품 재료로서의 활용 및 가공품 제조를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 화학성분을 분석하였다. President, Special 및 fiesta 품종에서 가용성 무질소물이 각각 6.64, 6.22 및 $6.01\%$로 나타났으며, 조지방과 조섬유의 함량은 세 가지 품종 모두 유사하게 나타났다. 파프리카에 함유되어 있는 주요 무기 성분으로는 $K(83.41\~152.98 mg\%),\;Mg(28.66\~39.46mg\%)$ 및 $Mn(10.34\~18.96\;mg\%)$이었으며, 세 가지 품종중 Special과 Fiesta 품종보다 President품종에서 K함량이 높게 나타났다. 파프리카의 주요 유리당은 glucose$(1.36\~1.45\%)$와 fructose$(0.06\~1.53\%)$로 나타났다. 파프리카의 품종별 총 아미노산 함량은 Special 품종 $1,168.08\;mg\%$, President 품종 $1,112.97\;mg\%$ 및 Fiesta 품종 $874.79\;mg\%$로 나타났으며, 파프리카의 주요 아미노산은 lysine, aspartic acid및 glutamic acid였다. 파프리카에 많이 함유되어 있는 유기산으로는 tartaric acid$(2.34\~4.32\;mg\%)$, succinic acid$(2.01\~2.42\;mg\%)$ 및 malic acid$(0.67\~1.72\;mg\%)$로 나타났다. 파프리카는 8종류의 지방산이 동정되었으며, 주요지방산은 stearic acid$(15.11\~34.68\%)$와 linoleic acid$(32.12\~60.36\%)$로 나타났다. 비타민 C 함량은 Special 품종 $263.45\;mg\%$, President 품종 $284.24\;mg\%$ 및 Fiesta 품종 $206.34\;mg\%$로 나타났으며, 총 페놀 및 카로테노이드 함량은 Special과 Fiesta 품종보다 President 품종에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.861-869
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• 2012

향후 학교급식 식재료 공급업체에 대한 합리적인 관리 및 평가 체계 구축을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 연구에서는 공급업체 선정방법(경쟁입찰계약, 수의계약)에 따른 학교급식 식재료 구매실태와 공급업체 수행도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 창원시 관내 초 중 고등학교 영양(교)사를 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 2010년 6월 29일부터 9월 28일까지 총 190부를 배부하여 167부(회수율: 87.9%)가 회수되었고, 이 중 응답 내용이 불충분한 16부를 제외하고 총 151부(분석율: 79.5%)를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 일반 사항으로서, 영양(교)사는 전부 여성이었으며 평균연령은 36.87세로 31~40세 이하가 49.0%로 가장 많았고, 직위는 영양교사가 52.3%로 약간 더 많았으며 54.3%가 초등학교에 근무하고 있었다. 학교근무경력은 평균 10.86년이었으며, 평균 1일 식수인원은 931.17명이었고 78.8%가 1일 1식을 급식하고 있었으며, 평균 1식 순수 식재료비는 1,937.50원이었다. 둘째, 경쟁입찰계약을 이용한 식재료 구매실태 조사 결과, 91.4%의 학교에서 경쟁입찰계약에 의해 식재료를 구매하고 있었고, 그중 제한경쟁입찰 계약 방법을 주로 사용하고 있었다. 경쟁입찰계약으로 구매하는 식재료는 일반 농산물, 일반 가공품, 친환경 농산물(과일), 친환경 가공품, 일반 가금류, 수산물, 친환경 곡류, 무항생제 가금류, 일반 곡류, 김치류, 육류, 우유류 순으로 많았다. 셋째, 수의계약 방법을 이용한 식재료 구매실태를 조사한 결과 78.8%의 학교에서 식재료를 수의계약으로 구매하고, 단일견적 계약이 59.7%로 조금 많았다. 수의계약을 사용하는 식재료는 육류 84.9%, 김치류 47.9%, 수산물 42.0%의 순으로 많이 이용하였다. 넷째, 식재료 구매 품목별로 경쟁입찰계약과 수의계약에 의한 구매 방법의 차이를 분석한 결과 김치류를 제외한 전 품목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 육류(p<0.001)와 우유류(p<0.001)와 같은 단일품목은 주로 수의계약방법에 의해 구매가 이루어지고 있었으며, 일반 농산물(p<0.001), 수산물(p<0.001), 일반 가금류(p<0.001), 무항생제 가금류(p<0.001), 친환경 곡류(p<0.001), 친환경 농산물(과일)(p<0.001), 친환경 가공품(p<0.001), 일반 가공품(p<0.001), 일반 곡류(p<0.001)의 품목들은 주로 경쟁입찰계약에 의해 구매가 이루어지고 있었다. 다섯째, 경쟁입찰계약과 수의계약의 학교급식 공급업체의 수행도를 비교 분석한 결과 경쟁입찰계약이 수의계약보다 제품의 가격에 대한 수행도만 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.001) '전반적인 수행도(p<0.01)'와 '제품의 포장 상태(p<0.01)', '납품 시 제품 품질(p<0.001)', '제품의 위생(p<0.001)', '현품설명서와의 일치도(p<0.001)', '반품 및 교환의 신속함(p<0.001)', '비상시 배송 능력(p<0.001)', '배송직원의 서비스(p<0.05)', '불만사항에 대한 처리(p<0.001)'의 세부 항목에서 수의계약에 의한 공급업체의 수행도가 경쟁입찰계약에 의한 공급업체의 수행도 수준보다 높았다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 학교급식 식재료 공급업체의 공정한 선정과 합리적인 평가를 위해 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 학교급식에 있어서 구매 관리에 대한 인식 전환이 필요하다. 즉 학교급식에서 구매 관리를 단순히 급식에 필요한 식재료를 구매하는 활동으로 인식하는 것이 아니라 급식 품질 경영도구 및 급식 운영의 핵심적인 기능으로써 인식되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 학교급식 식재료 공급업체에 대한 합리적인 평가 기준과 평가 체계가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 기존의 위생관리 위주의 단면적인 평가에서 벗어나 학교급식 식재료 공급업체 수행도에 대한 다각적 측면에서의 평가를 하여야 할 것이다. 즉 현재 주로 이루어지고 있는 시설 설비 위주의 평가에서 벗어나 학교급식 식재료 공급 능력에 대한 전반적인 평가로 범위를 넓혀가야 할 것이다. 즉 조달 및 배송 능력(식재료 조달 능력, 배송 체계, 비상시 배송 능력 등), 식재료(품질, 가격, 위생, 포장상태, 구매명세서와의 일치도 등), 서비스(배송 직원의 서비스, 입고시간 준수, 반품 및 교환의 신속함, 불만사항에 대한 처리 등), 행정 사무(회계 관련 서류, 위생 관련 서류 등)의 다양한 측면에서의 평가가 이루어져야 하겠다. 그와 함께 주기적인 평가를 실시하여 학교급식 식재료의 공급이 안정적이고 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2019

안전한 딸기 섭취를 위해 딸기에 acetamiprid외 9종의 농약을 인위적으로 살포하여 건조시킨 후 물, 세제, 소주에 침지 및 초음파 세척하였을 경우와 가열하여 잼으로 가공하였을 때 잔류량 변화 및 가공계수를 산출하였다. 농약이 처리된 딸기를 세척 및 가공하였을 때 물에 침지하여 세척한 경우 13.9-65.1%, 세제에 침지한 경우 9.2-71.9%, 소주에 침지한 경우 12.4-61.6%, 물로 초음파 세척한 경우 22.4-62.8%, 세제로 초음파 세척한 경우 18.7-64.5%, 소주로 초음파 세척한 경우 23.1-64.4% 감소하였다. 딸기 중 잔류농약의 제거율은 농약에 따라서 다르게 나타났으나, 세척 용매 및 방법에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았기 때문에 물로 세척하는 것이 가장 효율적이며 세척 횟수를 늘리는 것이 보다 효과적인 방법으로 생각되었다. 가공함에 따라 딸기의 생체량이 2.5배 감소하는 것을 반영하여 가공 전과 후의 절대량을 산출한 결과, 10종의 시험 농약 모두 59.8-98.4%감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1761-1768
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• 2006

In this study, the comparative effects of transgenic corn (Mon 810 and Event 176) and isogenic corn (DK729) were investigated for their influence on in vitro rumen fermentation. This study consisted of three treatments with 0.25 g rice straw, 0.25 g of corn (Mon810/Event176/DK 729) mixed with 30 ml rumen fluid-basal medium in a serum bottle. They were prepared in oxygen free conditions and incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ in a shaking incubator. The influence of transgenic corn on the number of bacterial population, F. succinogenes (cellulolytic) and S. bovis (amylolytic), was quantified using RT-PCR. Fermentative parameters were measured at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h and substrate digestibility was measured at 12 and 24 h. No significant differences were observed in digestibility of dry matter, NDF, ADF at 12 and 24 h for both transgenic and isogenic form of corns (p>0.05) as well as in fermentative parameters. Fluid pH remained unaffected by hybrid trait and decreased with VFA accumulation as incubation time progressed. No influence of corn trait itself was seen on concentration of total VFA, acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) in total gas production, composition of gas (methane and hydrogen) at all times of sampling, as well as in NH3-N production. Bacterial quantification using RT-PCR showed that the population number was not affected by transgenic corn. From this study it is concluded that transgenic corn (Mon810 and Event 176) had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation and digestibility compared to isogenic corn. However, regular monitoring of these transgenic feeds is needed by present day researchers to enable consumers with the option to select their preferred food source for animal or human consumption.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.790-798
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• 2014

국내 김천산 lowbush 블루베리와 평택산 highbush 블루베리의 영양성분 및 항산화 활성을 분석하였다. 일반성분조성 분석결과 산지에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. pH는 김천산이 4.35로 평택산의 4.57보다 낮았고 가용성고형분 함량은 평택산 $9.71^{\circ}Brix$ 및 김천산 $8.35^{\circ}Brix$로 차이가 있었다. 주요 5종의 대량무기질 함량 분석결과 김천산과 평택산에서 각각 P(11.60, 12,27%)>Ca(5.33, 9.06%)>Mg(4.70, 6.05%)>Na(0.24, 0.20%)>Zn(0.06, 0.07%) 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 주요 유리당은 김천산 및 평택산 각각 fructose 2.99, 2.89%와 glucose 2.81, 2.61%로 나타났고 sucrose, maltose 및 lactose 등의 이당류는 검출되지 않았다. 불포화지방산은 김천산이 81.7%로 평택산의 79.9%보다 다소 높았다. 두 품종 모두 16종(필수 아미노산 7종, 비필수아미노산 9종)의 유리아미노산을 함유하였고 총 유리아미노산 함량대비 필수아미노산은 김천산이 31.8%로 평택산의 28.9%보다 높았다. 준필수아미노산인 arginine은 평택산에 많이 함유되어 있는 것이 매우 특징적이었다. 생리활성 성분인 anthocyanin, trans-resveratrol 및 total polyphenol을 정량하여 김천산과 평택산에서 각각 anthocyanin 22.0, 18.1 mg/100 g, trans-resveratrol 0.12, 0.11 mg/100 g 및 total polyphenol 141.3, 138.4 mg/100 g의 결과를 얻었다. 전자공여능으로 분석한 두 블루베리의 항산화 활성은 농도의존적이었으며 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 79.7% 및 74.1%으로 김천산이 평택산보다 높게 나타났다. 항산화활성은 total polyphenol, anthocyanin 및 trans-resveratrol과 같은 기능성 성분의 함량이 김천산에서 더 높았던 결과와도 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 보여진다. 이상과 같은 기초적 연구결과는 향후 수입산 블루베리를 대체하기 위한 국내의 블루베리 재배면적 확대뿐만 아니라 기능성 식품소재로서의 이용에 있어 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.1179-1183
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• 2011

신품종으로 개발한 양송이 '다향'의 우수성을 조사하기 위하여 총 폴리페놀성 물질, 유리당 및 ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량과 항산화활성 및 ${\alpha}$-glucoamylase 저해활성을 기존 유통되고 잇는 705호 양송이와 비교 분석하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 189${\pm}$12 mg%로 기존 705호 양송이 168${\pm}$8 mg%에 비하여 더 높았고, 유리당은 mannitol, xylose 및 trehalose의 3종이 각각 3.11, 0.12 및 0.08%로 mannitol이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량은 건조물에 대하여 28.34%이었고 705호 양송이는 26.55%의 함량을 보여 대조군에 비하여 높은 함량을 보여주고 있었다. DPPH용액에 의한 전자공여능은 다향은 물 추출물과 80% 에탄올 추출 각각 52.14% 및 57.81%, 705호는 각각 45.27% 및 46.93%를 보였으며, ${\alpha}$-glucoamylase 저해활성은 물 추출물에서는 다향이 705호 양송이보다 저해활성이 더 높은 경향이었으며 80% 에탄올 추출물에서는 거의 비슷한 저해활성을 보였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.58-90
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• 1989

This study was attempted to contribute to the development of school health by providing the basic data about the distribution basis and distribution aspect of teachers holding additional school health that are in charge of school health business in parimary schools, middle schools and high schools without any nurse-teacher. This study analyzed literatures about the history, related laws, organization and professional manpower of school health. The emphasis was set on the distribution basis of theachers holding additional school health. The results of this study are as following: 1. The school health of the world dates to the late 18th century in Europe where was free supplying with food for poor children. The school health of Korea orginated from smallpox vaccination which was executed with appearance of modern schools in the late 19th century. 2. The related laws of school health began as a part of Education Law with was constituted in 1949. By the School Health Law constituted in 1967 and the enforcement ordinance of School Health made firm the legal basis of school health. 3. The administrative organs of school health are the Ministry of Education in center and each Board of Education in cities and provinces. For the first time in 1979, the department of school health was established in the organization of the Ministry of Education. And at about the same time of establishment of the department of school health, health section was established in the department of social physical-training in locality. 4. In the manpower of school health which was presented in the related statute of school health, there are the ward chief of education, the superintendent of educational affair, of cities and districts, the mayors, the governors of provinces, the school managers, the principals, the school doctors, the school pharmacists, and the nurse-teachers, including teachers holding additional school health as the practical manpower of school health. 5. In order to get some information on distribution aspect of teachers additional school health, this study made up a questionnaire from August 3 to August 11, 1988. The subjects of this study were 212 leachers who took part in the yearly training for teachers holding additional school health from Kyunggi province, Chungbuk province and Jeonbuk province. The results of the questionnaire are as following: 1. The distribution percentages of teachers holding additional school health according to each Board of Education wich schools are subject to, are as following:70.1% (Kyunggi), 76.5% (Chungbuk), and 81.4% (Jeonbuk). There was a significant difference. The distribution percentages of teachers holding additional school health according to the school levels of 3 provinces are as following: 74.1% (Primary schools), 77.8% (Middle schools), 76.7% (High schools). There were little significant differences. 2. The distribution according to the general characteristics of the subject schools: There were 64.2 percent of primary schools and 35.8 percent of middle schools among 212 schools. 91. 5 percent of schools were located in districts. Public schools formed 55.7% and then national schools were higher in percentage than private schools. 58.5 percent of schools had 1-9 classes, 64.6 percent of schools had 101-500 students, and 90 percents of schools had 1-20 teachers. In considering student sex, the coed school showed the high distribution percentage (Primary schools : 100%, Middle schools: 81.6%). 3. The distribution according to the characteristics of teachers holding additional school health: 93.3 percent of teachers were female, and more than 60 percent of teachers were 20-29 years old. As the age got higher, the percentage became lower. There were little significant differences by marital status. In considering their educational status, 86.8 percent of teachers in primary schools were from teacher's colleges, and 64.5 percent of teachers in middle schools were from education colleges. In considering teaching career, 46.7 percent of teachers had teaching career of less than 2 years. 73.6 percent of teachers had held additional school health for less than one year. More than 80 percent of teachers had participated in the training one time or twice. More than 70 percent of teachers had 1-2 additional jobs except for the school health business. The motivation to hold additional school health is most caused by mandatory order, which accounts for more than 80.0 percent. In considering interesting degree concerning school health, lukewarm answer is the highest of 62.7 percent, followed by affirmative answer of 23.6 percent. In considering their contentment degree respecting additional school health job, "discontent or very discontent"is the highest of 47.6 percent. As a descontent reason of additional school health job, overwork is the highest factor of 37.9 percent. Among addiitional school health job, the most difficult affair is nursing service to be 34.0 percent, followed by health education of 31.6 percent. It testify the need of professional. The source of knowledge about school health has been acquired from masscommunication or private health experience, which account for as much as 56.1 percent. It shows seriousness of lack of professionalism. With regard to neccessity of school health experts, 95.8 percent represents absolute need. With above consideration of study results, I propose as follows : 1. I propose that the authorities concerned unify and improve statute respecting current school health which has not been steadfastly supporting school health business by ambiguity of expression and dualization. 2. I propose that the authorities concerned give the school manager, school staffs and parents of students educational chance with which they can acknowledge the importance of school health and in which they can participate as well as set up alternative policy plan to be albe to vitalize school health committee. 3. I propose that administrative organization practicable to taking totally charge of school health business is established within the Ministry of Education. 4. I propose that the authorities concerned back up and cooperate in an attempt by make school health better and desirable toward development by way of appointing qualitied health teachers on the basis of legally regular teacher staffs.