• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.923-934
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• 2001

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald bum, biochemical assay and morphological changes in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of bum injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in association with observing of histologic and ultrastructural changes, measuring the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme of oxygen free radical generating system. was elevated (p<0.01) in serum, but not in skin and in liver tissue. Futhermore, thermal injury decreased not only the protein concentration in plasma but also the number of leukocytes, that indicates induction of edema formation with protein exudation and inflammation by neutrophil infiltration into the internal organs. These data suggest that acute dermal scald burn injury leads to liver damage, that is related to elevation of xanthine oxidase activity in serum. Xanthine oxidase may be a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

To evaluate the cutaneous injury in liver damaged rats by toluene application to the skin, toluene(35mg/㎤) was sequentially applied for 5 days to the dorsal skin of liver damaged rats with $CCl_4$ (6 times ever other day:0.1$m\ell$/100 g body weight-50% $CCl_4$in olive oil). The cutaneous ultrastructural changes were unexoectably not observed in liver from $CCl_4$-treated rats although necrotic liver damage appeared under light microscope. In these animals by the application of toluene to rat skin the cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity was significantly increased(p<0.05), but cytochrome P450 content was not different from that of the control or only $CCl_4$-treated rats. On the other hand, the cutaneous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver damaged animals were significantly respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001), decreased by toluene application to the skin compared with control and especially the former enzyme activity was significantty decreased(p<0.01), compared with that of liver damaged rate rat but glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities were not significantly different from those of the control or liver damaged rats. Futhermore, the reduced gluathione content of skin was also significantly decreased by toluene application to the liver damaged animals. In conclusion, the great deposits of cerrous peroxide and ultramorphological changes in skin tissue of liver damaged animals by toluene application may be responsible for the oxygen free radical.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2003

Cr (Ⅵ) - containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium - induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, par ticularly Cr (V) and Cr (IV), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) -induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) to Cr (III) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical - induced cellular damage, such at DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor kB.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.921-924
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• 2005

It is known that metallothionein (MT) plays a role in the scavenging of free radicals, which is produced under various stress conditions. MT may function as an antioxidant that protects against oxidative damage of DNA, protein, and lipid induced by superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that MT also protects from RNA damage induced by peroxynitrite, an important reactive nitrogen species that causes a diversity of pathological processes. A cell-free system was used. RNA damage was detected by the mobility of $tRNA^{Phe}$ in electrophoresis. Cleavages on tRNA were not induced by 3-morpholinosydnomine, which produces peroxynitrite directly. MT induced tRNA damage which was site specific.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.289-317
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reseach the effect of Daesihotang and its component groups on diabetes, free radical and antioxidative defense system in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental group was divided into three groups: Daesihotang (DS), Soyangyak (DS1), Yangmyungyak (DS2). The results were obtained as follows: The level of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine in serum were considerablely reduced by Daesihotang. And the level of HDL cholesterol, albumin, total protein in serum were increased by Daesihotang significantly. And the level of BUN has some decreased, but with no significancy. In the study of Daesihotang on free radical scavenging effect in vitro, it has shown that Daesihotang and its components group have significant suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration. And in other experiments as scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ system, Daesihatang have some activity, but with no significancy. In the study of Daesihotang on antioxidative defense system in vivo, the activity of GOT and GPT in serum were significantly increased; and the amounts of lipid peroxide in serum was reduced significantly but in liver no significancy. In hepatic catalase activity, Daesihotang has showed significant effect. In the level of hepatic glutathione, Daesihotang increased the amount of glutathione significantly. And in the activity of glutathione-s-transferase, Daesihotang has decreasing effect but has no significancy. These result suggest that Daesihotang has strong effect on diabetes and it is useful to prevent diabetes, but has less effect on peroxidative damage by free radical.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2008

To further the goal of isolating Bacillus sp. from commercial chungkukjang (CKJ) for a development of a probiotic dietary adjunct using soymilk or milk, antioxidant activity of CKJ purchased from the Sunchang Traditional Village in Chunbook province was examined. Six CKJ samples were evaluated and 3 were selected based on the results of the physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation for further antioxidant study. $IC_{50}$ for DPPH scavenging activity of methanol extracts of CKJ ranged from 238.1 to 345.7 ${\mu}g/mL$. CKJ exhibited over 80% scavenging of ${\cdot}OH$ and ONOO- at concentrations of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 250 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. $O_2^-$ and NO scavenging activities of three CKJ were increased in a dose dependent manner with the concentration tested from 100 to 1000 ${\mu}g/mL$. In this study, the methanol extract of CKJ exhibited a great reduction capability and powerful free radical scavenging activity, especially against OH. and ONOO-, which are the most toxic radicals responsible for oxidative damage in the body. However, radical scavenging effects of CKJ on DPPH, $O_2^-$, and nitrite radical were rather moderate. In conclusion, CKJ may reduce the oxidative stress in the body by scavenging the free radicals.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of vitamin E on the oxidative damage of cellular lipids and proteins in free radical reaction induced by $FeCl_3$, and ascorbic acid. In this experiment, a vitamin E treated rat group was administered with 100mg/kg body weight of $dl-{\alpha}-tocophery$ 1 acetate and an untreated rat group was administered with the same volume of corn oil. And then assays of malondialdehyde and carbonyl group in total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of rat liver were carried out at the scheduled time. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. Lipid peroxidation levels in vitamin E administered rat liver cells were significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the intervals between 1 hour and 4 hours in liver homogenate, at all times except for 1 hour point in mitochondrial fraction, and also at the intervals between 0.5 hour and 3 hours in microsomal fraction compared with those of the control rat liver cell. 2. Protein oxidation levels in vitamin E administered rat liver cell were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the intervals between 1.5 hours and 4 hours in liver homogenate, at over 4 hours in liver mitochondrial fraction, and at the intervals between 0.5 hour and 3 hours in liver microsomal fraction compared with those of the control rat liver cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.721-728
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• 1996

The level of oxidative tissue damage caused by free radicals generated from ethanol oxidation was determined in the myocardium of chronic ethanol fed-rats and the protective action of various radical scavenging enzymes was monitored, also. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given ethanol in an amount of 36% of total calories via Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 6 weeks. Control group was pair-fed with the diet containing isocaloric amount of dextrin-maltose instead of ethanol. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in the increased amount of myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), th parameter of lipid peroxidation, under our experimental condition. Chronic ethanol ingestion did not cause any change in activities of either glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were decreased after ethanol treatment. Therefore, chronic ethanol administration seemed to cause considerble changes in cellular defense function against oxidative tissue damage in rat myocardium through glutathione utilizing system and radical generation system. However the ultimate net result of chronic ethanol inestion on the myocardium of rat was the oxidative tissue damage revealed by increased TBARS content.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2005

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental factors are critical players in cellular damage and aging. In order to develop a new antiphotoaging agent, this work focused on the antioxidant effects of the extract of tinged autumnal leaves of Acer palmatum. One compound was isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the A. palmatum extract using silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structure was identified as apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside, more commonly known as vitexin, by spectral analysis including LC-MS, FT-IR, UV, $^{1}H-$, and $^{13}C-NMR$. The biological activities of vitexin were investigated for the potential application of its anti-aging effects in the cosmetic field. Vitexin inhibited superoxide radicals by about $70\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals by about $60\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity was indicated by increases in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20\;mJ/cm^2$ in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after the treatment of vitexin. The results show that oxidation of 5-(6-)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlo-rodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($CM-H_{2}DCFDA$) is inhibited by vitexin effectively and that vitexin has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB-irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using a confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vitexin can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as free radical production and skin cell damage.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

The protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extract on alloxan-induced pancreatic β-cell damage was investigated in HIT T-15 cells, a Syrian hamster pancreatic β-cell line. Alloxan caused the pancreatic β-cell damage through the generation of reactive oxygen free radicals, increased DNA fragmentation, and decreased cellular NAD/sup +/ levels. The β-cell damage was significantly prevented by the pretreatment with water soluble extract of AS roots. These results suggest that the protective effect of AS extract, on alloxan-induced β-cell damage, is primarily due to the inhibition of the generation of reactive oxygen free radical species (ROS) by alloxan.