• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the potential domestic and international market conditions vehicles for people with disabilities through a review of the literature and internet resources, and to propose a road map developing South Korean vehicles for people with disabilities taking into consideration the current state of domestic and international technology and the usage of the vehicles for people with disabilities depending on the type of disability. The results of the study are as follows: First, vehicles for people with disabilities safety standards of South Korea do not meet the safety standards of developed countries and the technology of development related vehicles for people with disabilities is not as advanced as that of developed countries. Vehicles for people with disabilities installation methods, specifications, features and safety standards should be designed to be more similar to those of Japan and the United States. Second, vehicle modifications for people with disabilities will become more common as measures directed at promoting the welfare of people with disabilities, such as travel and transportation measures, employment opportunities, education, and funding for vehicle modifications, are implemented along with laws, such as The Americans with Disabilities Act, The British Disability Discrimination Act, and Japan's barrier-free transport law, that protect people with disabilities generally. Third, through a comparative analysis of domestic and international market conditions and demands of people with disabilities in vehicle modifications, important things to pay attention by purchasing a modified vehicle for people with disabilities are the employment rate for people with disabilities and monthly income. To enable this, government agencies and industry bodies should work together through the revision of the current Disability Welfare Act or the enactment of the special law for guiding principles of Disability Welfare Act. Through the future changes in vehicles for people with disabilities-related system or society of South Korean, the annual demand of the vehicles is expected to be more than 10,000.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1351-1356
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to compare body weight, ADG, and feed:gain ratio of antibiotic-free pigs from Yorkshire dams and sired by Yorkshire (YY), Berkshire (BY), Large Black (LBY) or Tamworth (TY) boars. All the crossbred pigs in each of three trials were raised as one group from weaning to finishing in the same deep-bedded hoop, providing a comfortable environment for the animals which allowed rooting and other natural behaviors. Birth, weaning and litter weights were measured and recorded. From approximately 50 kg to market weight (125 kg), feed intake and body weights were recorded manually (body weight) or using a FIRE (Feed Intake Recording Equipment, Osborne Industries Inc. Osborne, Kansas) system with eight individual feeding stations. Feed intake data for 106 finishing pigs between 140 and 210 d of age and the resulting weights and feed conversion ratios were analyzed by breed type. Least square means for body weights (birth, weaning and to 240 d) were estimated with Proc Mixed in SAS 9.2 for fixed effects such as crossbreed and days of age within the sire breed. The differences within fixed effects were compared using least significant differences with DIFF option. Individual birth weights and weaning weights were influenced by sire breed (p<0.05). For birth weight, BY pigs were the lightest, TY and YY pigs were the heaviest but similar to each other and LBY pigs were intermediate. For weaning weights, BY and LBY pigs were heavier than TY and YY pigs. However, litter birth and weaning weights were not influenced by sire breed, and average daily gain was also not significantly different among breed types. Tamworth sired pigs had lower overall body weight gain, and feed conversion was lower in TY and YY groups than BY and LBY groups (p<0.05), however, number of observations was somewhat limited for feed conversion and for Tamworth pigs. Overall, no convincing differences among breed types were noted for this study, but growth performance in the outdoor environment was satisfactory.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.206-214
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• 2019

This study investigates alternative refrigerants and refrigerant oils as well as the tendency of protecting the global environment in view of automobile air-conditioning systems. Since decades, the R12 refrigerant is not used in automobile air-conditioners because of the ozone depletion potential (ODP) problem, and for the last 20 years, the ODP-free R134a refrigerant is leading the new automotive air-conditioning market. However, owing to its high global warming potential (GWP), the R134a refrigerant use in automobile air-conditioning system is also prohibited by law, and alternative refrigerants with a low GWP need to be proposed. Therefore, recently, the application of R1234yf, R152a, or other alternative refrigerants has started worldwide. By contrast, natural refrigerant R744 was introduced in the market several years ago by VDA (Verband Der Automobilindustrie), which is a German association in the automotive industry. This study also deals with refrigerant oils. For a long time, polyalkylene glycol (PAG) oil has been traditionally used with automobile air-conditioners, and polyolester (POE) oil is suitable for HEV, PHEV, and EV air-conditioning systems, where it is used by the electrically driven compressor owing to its excellent electrical insulation properties. Finally, PAG is an excellent lubricant for all the R134a, R152a, R1234yf, and R744 refrigerants, and has the advantage that it can be applied rapidly to alternative refrigerant air-conditioning systems.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

This study is to survey the materials purchasing and inventory management status and the characteristics and opinions of the staff in charge of purchasing and inventory of the general hospitals in Busan area in order to contribute to the rationalization of its management through the grasp of actual situation and the presentation of desirable improvement plan for the materials purchasing and inventory management. The status of medical institute had been surveyed by the purchasing/ administration managers of total 26 general hospitals, and the purchasing/ management questionnaires had been commenced with 86 staff of the 26 hospitals. Its major survey results, after the analysis of 24 medical institute statuses (return rate of 92.30%) and 60 staff questionnaires (return rate of 69.76%), are as follows. First, post-purchasing evaluation system is not used actively, orders are being placed by phone or fax, and general merchandise is being purchased through free contracts in most of the hospitals participated in the survey. Second, as per the materials supplying methods, the requisition and delivery system is currently the most popular in the hospitals surveyed, however, both the requisition and delivery system and the par level transfer system are the most desired in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, and the par level transfer system is the most desired in the hospitals under 500 beds for the materials supplying system in the future. Third, as per the inventory management system that is desired the most in the future, the SPD and JIT types are preferred in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, the stockless strategy is preferred in the hospitals under 500 beds, the senior staff above section chief grade prefer the stockless strategy, and the junior staff prefer the ABC classification and SPD types. Fourth, The necessity of purchasing staff's training for the materials management is highly recognized but the effectiveness is not so much acknowledged, which is because such a training is thought to be so superficial and formal that it is not helpful much in the actual field. When summarizing the survey results as above, the materials purchasing and management system is differed for each group of hospitals according to the size of beds, and the more scientific management system is largely required by the general hospitals in Busan city. They also hope the introduction of joint purchasing system, materials management by the bar-code system, and positive execution of the market survey and training of the relevant staff for the management of purchasing affairs. So the more systematic purchasing and inventory management is regarded to be necessary through the introduction of scientific and specialized education of materials management, market survey, and post-purchasing evaluation system also through the computerization of materials purchasing and inventory management as soon as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.271-297
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• 2007

Since the use of the Internet has proliferated, the availability of illegal and harmful content has been a great concern to both governments and Internet users. Among various solutions for issues related to such content, Internet content filtering technologies have been developed for enabling users to deal with harmful content. In recent years, commercial filtering has become massively popular. Many parents, teachers and even governments have chosen commercial filtering software as a feasible technical solution for protecting minors from harmful information on the Internet. The Internet content filtering software market has grown significantly. However, Internet content filtering software has led to intense debate among civil liberties groups, They deem this to be censorship and argue that Internet filtering technologies are simply unworkable because they have inherent weaknesses. They are critical of the fact that most filtering has violated free speech rights and will eventually wipe out honor and controversial, yet innocent incidences of free speech on the Internet. In this article Internet content filtering, in particular PICS/RDF-based label filtering, so-called Internet content rating system, will be explored and its advantages and drawbacks relating to end-users' autonomy and freedom of expression will be discussed.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.39
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• pp.367-389
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• 2008

On the stage of an international trade with well-developed transportation, communication system and proliferation of free trade, global companies who are eager to sustain business growth by cutting cost and pioneering new market are facing a new challenge named "Global Compliance" of business transparency, export and import regulations, and potential international business environment. The purpose of a global compliance is to monitor and regulate a company's trade activities to reduce the risk of transactions that might violate relevant countries' laws, regulations, or standards. After the 911, for strengthening the non-proliferation of the export control goods, UNSCR1540(United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540(2004)) was declared in order to enforce the members to adopt the rules in the resolution into their national laws and regulations. Companies does not realized that they need to get rid of the risks because they underestimate the importance of international security, caused by their careless management. That is why currently the export control program is not fully observed by the most. Lack of awareness for the export control and the poor system of each members could be the reason for this unstable operating status. With this background, this thesis will study on the meaning of export control, schemes for companies to recognize its importance and governmental guideline to support global companies.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.531-540
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• 2015

Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the fundamentals of human computer interaction for wearable computers and derive technology requirements. Background: A wearable computer can be worn anytime with the support of unrestricted communications and a variety of services which provide maximum capability of information use. Key challenges in developing such wearable computers are the level of comfort that users do not feel what they wear, and easy and intuitive user interface. The research presented in this paper examines user interfaces for wearable computers. Method: In this research, we have classified the wearable user interface technologies and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages from the user's point of view. Based on this analysis, we issued a user interface technology to conduct research and development for commercialization. Results: Technology requirements are drawn to make wearable computers commercialized. Conclusion: The user interface technology for wearable system must start from the understanding of the ergonomic aspects of the end user, because users wear the system on their body. Developers do not try to develop a state-of-the-art technology without the requirement analysis of the end users. If people do not use the technology, it can't survive in the market. Currently, there is no dominant wearable user interface in the world. So, this area might try a new challenge for the technology beyond the traditional interface paradigm through various approaches and attempts. Application: The findings in this study are expected to be used for designing user interface for wearable systems, such as digital clothes and fashion apparel.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.19-28
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• 2001

China adopted a free market economy system and is about to enter into the WTO(World Trade Organization). It has now emerged as one of the most promising markets in the world for the near future. The purpose of this study was to investigate in Chinese and Korea women's street fashion and to suggest basic information for high quality clothing merchandising for China. The subjects in this study were 800 photos it was taken at the fashion street and college in Beijing(400) and Seoul(400). The survey was taken from December, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, $X^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows. Examination on the Korean and Chinese street fashion showed that Korean and Chinese have different preference for silhouette, length, and color. China has different sensibility of the items of clothing. The Chinese students prefer classical and individual Chinese street clothing. Korean student has shown very fashionable street clothing all items. It is needed to different merchandising project for clothing in China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2015

Using Arduino with a pressure sensor to create an interest in modern health care program is aimed. Currently, Korea is estimated that there are 4.2 million people in total incontinence. Through the convergence of Bio Technology and InformationTechnology these patients it is easy and simple to induce urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction treatment, etc., and to prevent the most effective pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises below). The Kegel medical equipments which are currently sold in the market make users exercise by giving electrical stimulations compulsively. Users need to take off their bottoms and take the Femcon therapy in a closed room. This causes various restrictions of time, space and hygiene. This thesis designs a Kegel medical equipment which combines BT and IT, free form restraint in regard to space and hygiene, without the need to take off bottoms.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.327-344
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• 2019

This paper explores the hub-and-spoke system as the structure of the global economic network that presents obstacles for international cooperation. With its exclusive jurisdiction and control over the hub, a powerful state can employ coercive economic measures to compel and deter unwanted behavior of rogue states and even its allies. Against this backdrop, this study analyzes the cases of the US blocking access to its market by Chinese Huawei as well as the case of Japan in restricting trade for highly advanced goods to South Korea. This analysis reveals that both measures are forms of secondary boycotts, which affect not only the entities within their jurisdiction but also others located in third countries. In addition, this paper extends its findings to free trade agreements and offers implications on the outward processing scheme for the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in the KORUS FTA and the Korea-China FTA. These events result in a gray-risk for South Korea, a country that aims to resolve North Korea's denuclearization and inter-Korean economic cooperation.