• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.431-437
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• 2005

In korea, Freight generation models developed in korea were estimated by spatial unit method which predict freight flow by traffic zone. But it is difficult to predict freight generation using these models, because there are the difference of the totality method of sampling data on freight volume and the variability of the variables by these models on each case study, This study developed new estimation model to predict freight flow which is generated from each company using the characteristics of each company such as the freight outbound & inbound volume, the number of employee, sales, gross area, land area. This model is simpler than the that of spatial unit and can apply to the other region. The subjects of study were companies in metropolitan area and types of model were exponential regression models. The adequate explanatory variable in the models were sales. this study have a uniqueness apply micro research method to estimate freight generation not use spatial unit method but use flow unit method by each company unit.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2000

Today travel demand continues to increase with spread of economic zones. Also, urban freeway plays an important role in intra-zone transportations as a major corridor in a big city. However, most of urban freeways experience a severe congestion with the excess of inflowing or outflowing traffic through freeway ramps. The purpose of this study is to identify the traffic characteristics, analyze the relationships between the traffic characteristics and finally construct the speed predictive models on the ramp junctions of urban freeway under the intelligent transportation system(ITS) settings. From the analyses of traffic characteristics following results were obtained: ⅰ) 24 hours average traffic characteristics flow, occupancy, speed under the ITS settings showed about 40%, 38%, 8.8% increase each on urban freeway junctions period when compared with that under the non-ITS settings each other. Free flow speed and traffic flow on the mainline sections of urban freeway under the ITS settings also showed about 20% and 17% increase when compared with that under the non-ITS, respectively. ⅱ) The upstream when compared speed( $S_{u}$)and downstream occupancy( $O_{d}$) were especially shown to have higher explanatory powers on the stable flow ramp junctions, but the upstream speed( $S_{u}$) and downstream flow( $V_{d}$) were especially shown on the unstable flow ramp junctions of urban freeway under the ITS settings.ngs.ngs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.8-18
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• 2005

Pedestrians involved in traffic accidents manifest unique trajectory characteristics depending on the collision speed, vehicle configuration, and pedestrian postures. However, the existing analytical models for pedestrian movements do not fully include the rotational characteristics of the pedestrians because they assume a two dimensional parabolic trajectory. This faulty assumption in the development of these models limits their applicability and reliability This study investigated the pedestrians movement at collision by computer simulation. The simulations are carried out by using HADYMO, which is a special simulation software system for dynamic movement analysis. Vehicles and pedestrians are modeled and verified via real crash worthiness experiments. Simulations are performed for various collision speeds, vehicle configuration, and pedestrian postures. Since the simulation uses multi-body dynamics, It can express irregular phenomena of the bodies quite well. The results can be exploited for vehicle design and traffic accident reconstruction.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.37 no.sup
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• pp.87-121
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• 2015

To attract more FDI inflows, the Korean government has designated several special economic zones (SEZs), offering various advantages and support to the FDI. There is, however, a shared acknowledgement that those efforts have gained little reward. In this regard, this paper empirically analyzes company-level performances of labor productivity, operating profit ratio, propensity to invest and innovate, etc. and then conducts regression analysis and PSM analysis to see whether these performances are meaningfully different between foreign-invested firm and domestic firm and between foreign-invested firms. The main findings of this paper are as follows. First, in the aspects of labor productivity and operating profit ratio, no empirical evidence was found to support the hypothesis that foreign-invested firm outperforms domestic firm in efficiency and profitability, Second, in the aspects of propensity to invest, foreign-invested firms in foreign investment zones outperformed domestic firms. Third, in the aspect of R&D investment, overall, foreign-invested firms showed a stronger propensity to invest than domestic firms, but there is no empirical evidence that high propensity to invest was driven by the policy on special economic zones. In the aspect of investment in educational training, empirical evidences were found that the role of foreign-invested firms outside the special zones turned out to be the strongest and that among firms inside special zones, it was those in the free economic zone that outperformed domestic firms. Lastly, foreign-invested firms showed a stronger propensity to employ than domestic firms, but there is no empirical evidence that high propensity to employ was driven by the policy on special economic zones.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.429-441
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• 2010

The Sunrise Dam gold deposit is located approximately 850 km ENE of Perth, in the eastern part of the Yilgam Craton, Western Australia. The mine has produced approximately 153 t of Au at an average grade of 4.2 g/t, which stands for the most significant gold discoveries during the last decade in Western Australia. The deposit occurs in the Laverton Tectonic Zone corresponding to the corridor of structural complexity in the Laverton greenstone belt, and characterized by tight folding and thrusting. The mine stratigraphy consists of a complexly deformed and altered volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks. These have been overlain by a turbidite sequence containing generally well-sorted siltstones, sandstones and magnetite-rich shales, which are consistently fining upwards. These sequences have been intruded by quartz diorite, ultramafic dikes, and rhyodacite porphyry (Archean), and lamprophyre dikes (Palaeoproterozoic). These rocks constitute the asymmetric NNE-trending Spartan anticline with north-plunging thrust duplication of the BIF unit. The deposit is located on the western limb of this structure. Transported, fluvial-lacustrine and aeolean sediments lie unconformably over the deposit showing significant variation in relief. Gold mineralization occurs intermittently along a NE-trending corridor of ca. 4.5 km length. The 20 currently defined orebodies are centered on a series of parallel, gently-dipping ($\sim30^{\circ}$) and NESW trending shear zones with a thrust-duplex architecture and high-strain characteristics. The paragenetic sequence of the Sunrise Dam deposit can be divided into five hydrothermal stages ($D_1$, $D_2$, $D_3$, $D_4a$, $D_4b$), which are supported by distinctive features of the mineralogical assemblages. Among them, the D4a stage is the dominant episode of Au deposition, followed by the $D_4b$ stage, which is characterized by more diverse ore mineralogy including base metal sulfides, sulfosalts, and telluride minerals. The $D_4a$ stage contains higher proportions of microscopic free gold (48%) than D4b stage (12%), and pyrite is the principal host for native gold (electrum) followed by tetrahedrite-group minerals in both stages.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-120
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• 2020

The Scope of Application of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and Foreign Investment Act This article examines whether the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and the Foreign Investment Act of North Korea apply to South Korean parties or companies. This article analyzes laws and agreements related to economic cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. Furthermore, this article compares and evaluates laws related to foreign investment and enacted in North Korea. Now, North Korea's door is closed due to economic sanctions against it, but it will be opened soon. Thus, this article prepares for the future opening of North Korea's markets. Is there a rule of laws in North Korea or just a ruler? Are there laws in North Korea? North Korea has enacted a number of legislation to attract foreign investors, referring to those Chinese laws. For example, North Korea enacted the Foreigner Investment Act, the Foreigner Company Act, the Foreign Investment Bank Act, the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, the Foreign Economic Contract Act, the International Trade Act, and the Free Economy and Trade Zone Act, among others. Article 2 (2) of the Foreign Investment Law of North Korea states, "Foreign investors are corporations and individuals from other countries investing in our country." It is interpreted that South Korea is not included in the "other countries" of this definition. According to many mutual agreements signed by South Korea and North Korea, the relationship between the two Koreas is a special relation inside the Korean ethnic group. An arbitration between a South Korean party and a North Korean party has the characteristics of both domestic arbitrations and international arbitrations. If the South Korea and North Korea Commercial Arbitration Commission or the Kaesong Industrial Complex Arbitration Commission is not established, the possibility of arbitration by the Chosun International Trade Arbitration Commission, established under North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, should be examined. There have been no cases where the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act is applied to disputes between parties of South Korea and North Korea. It might be possible to apply the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act by recognizing the "foreign factor" of a dispute between the South Korean party and North Korean party. It is necessary to raise legislative clarifications by revising the North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act as to whether Korean parties or companies are included in the scope of this Act's application. Even if it is interpreted that South Korean parties or companies are not included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, disputes between South Korean companies and North Korean companies can be resolved by foreign arbitration institutes such as CIETAC in China, HKIAC in Hong Kong, or SIAC in Singapore. Such arbitration awards could be enforced in North Korea pursuant to Article 64 of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. This is because the arbitration awards of foreign arbitration institutes are included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. The matter is how to enforce the North Korean laws when a North Korean party or North Korean government does not abide by the laws or their contracts. It is essential for North Korea to join the New York Convention (Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards) and the ICSID Convention (Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States).

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.175-192
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• 2008

Today's individual firms no longer compete as solely autonomous entities, but rather as supply chain. As such the competitive position of a port is not only determined by its internal strengths but also it is also affected by its links in a global supply chin. In other words, port competitiveness is becoming increasingly dependent on external coordination and control of the whole supply chain. The main purpose of this paper is to examine how a port embeds itself into supply chain in order to strengthen its competitive position by focusing on Dubai port case. This paper found that Dubai port used three phases-insertion, integration and dominance-as a strategies for how it can embedded into global supply chain successfully. Dubai's global supply chain strategies give some implications for the further development of the Port of Gwangyang. First, the Port of Gwangyang should fully utilize symbiotic relationship with Gwangyang free Economic Zone. Second, the integration between Korea Container Terminal Authority and GYFEZ can be recommended for fast decision-making and providing a one-stop-service. Finally, Gwangyang should pursue an aggressive supply chain strategy, aims at dominance in the regional port network through port alliance with small and medium ports in neighboring area.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2005

Plan of Logistics facility and Management of Freight trucks need for Efficient Improvement of Urban Goods Movement. For this, it need to clear flow pattern of Freight volumes and Freight trucks on urban space. Therefor, The purpose of this study is to clear space flow pattern of Freight volumes and Freight trucks as base data for Plan of Urban Goods Movement on Incheon city. Incheon city is selected because it is at sea & air ports and carries out various Activity of Urban Goods Movement. As the result of this study, it understands and analyzes Characteristic on flow pattern of Freight volumes and Freight trucks. Through this study, we'll expect that this results could be contributed in the understand of actual conditions of Freight volume and freight trucks and the basic data for Improvement of urban goods movement and the management policy of freight trucks in urban goods movement.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.341-357
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• 2014

Service R&D that adds high value to existing products and service by scientification, IT convergence, intellectualization is a core business of creative economy. It is necessary to examine the service R&D revitalization plan by establishing service R&D hub researching the service R&D because a shortage of facility and infrastructure makes impossible to turn ideas into products (service). This research aims at establishing the implementation plan of service R&D hub that invigorates local service industries and contributes to carry out the plan. Service R&D hub is a focal point of service R&D activities which inter-connects service R&D activities distributed across ministries of central government and fields of studies, and which invigorates service R&D activities and enhances competitive power of service industries in Korea. It is necessary to establish main hub like Service Engineering Research Center in Japan and Fraunhofer IAO in Germany which take the lead in national service R&D activities, and make it build the solid foundation of service R&D activities in public sector and also create service innovation ecosystem. Considering the interdisciplinary characters of service R&D, it is essential to establish additional sub-hubs to meet a variety of demands of service R&D. It is also necessary to establish 'Living Lab', an open innovation system, which connects research institutions, universities, and corporates to make them target the specific fields of their own, and enhance open R&D and innovation in service industries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.118-125
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to decide an appropriate neighborhood and a transition rule of cellular automata by analyzing the past growth process of urban areas in Gimhae. With cellular automata which can manage the change based on the dynamic model and time, this study analyzes the urban growth of Gimhae from 1987 to 2001. Also, through the simulation of different types for neighborhood and transition rules, we can find the appropriate neighborhood and the transition rule for Gimhae. In conclusion, the forecast of physical urban growth pattern is more accurate under conditions when the number of matrixes for the neighborhood is small, the shape of the neighborhood is rectangular, "${\alpha}$" value, which control the pace of urban growth, is low and the transition possibility ($P_{ij}$) is high.