• 제목/요약/키워드: franchisor

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DEA 분석을 통한 프랜차이즈 기업의 평가 (An Assessing of Franchisor's Firm Performance Based on Data Envelopment Analysis)

  • 김선민
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.359-369
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    • 2014
  • Due to the severe market conditions, pre-entrepreneur seeks to start their business through franchise company. This paper, using the data envelopment analysis(DEA) method, examines efficiency of a group of franchise company in order to provide efficiency information with pre-entrepreneur. Output-oriented DEA model is applied in the investigation of efficiency, and the overall efficiency score is decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The input variables selected to evaluate the efficiency are franchise deposit, franchise contribution cost and the output variables are sales and number of franchises, and length of business. The results of this paper show franchise industry have the low level of overall efficiency and the main sources of inefficiency is found technical rather than scale. As a result, this paper provides not only the current status of efficiency information of a franchise with pre-entrepreneur but also give warning when they sign-up with franchise business.

예비 창업자와 프랜차이즈 본사의 계약 의사에 관한 연구 (A Study on Contract Intention of Preliminary Founders andFranchise Headquarters)

  • 정진우
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.39-55
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    • 2008
  • The characteristics of preliminary founders has taken a part in deciding the structural elements of Franchise headquarters in the food service industry. Thus this study tries to show how preliminary founders have an impact on structural elements in franchise headquarters through demonstrative research on intention of contracting by characteristics of preliminary members. The result shows that the experience factor of a preliminary owner has significant relationships with the structural elements of headquarters. It was analyzed that the structural elements of franchise headquarters such as expert consulting, training support and use of sales guide influence contract intention. The characteristics of the preliminary founders have a major impact on investment, financing, expert consulting, educational support, and untilization of business guideline. The structural elements have a major impact on contract intention.

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프랜차이즈 계약관리레버리지를 활용한 프랜차이즈 기업의 성과 분석과 전망 -치킨·커피 프랜차이즈 브랜드를 중심으로- (Franchise Business Analysis and Forecast Using Franchise Contract Management Leverage in Chicken·Coffee Franchise Brands)

  • 이성희;이성훈
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.67-85
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    • 2015
  • This study attempts to measure the performance of franchise brands using the Enterprise Contract Management(ECM) and Franchise Contract Management Leverage(FCML). The data were collected from 14 chicken franchise brands and 16 coffee franchise brands. This research suggests some implications as follows. Chicken franchise brands are confronted with the slow growth, but coffee franchise brands still have the potential growth. According to FCML, as well, it shows that chicken franchise brands should focus on qualitative performance through franchise store management to achieve sustainability, and coffee franchise brands need the managerial strategies to maximize franchisees' sales profit, which leads increasing franchisor's business performance ultimately.

Essay on the Lessons Learned from Korean Franchisors Going International

  • Bae, Hark
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to find the issues associated with international expansion of Korean franchisors going international and suggest lessons of proposition to reduce the failure risk in international expansion of franchise systems. Research design, data, and methodology - This is the exploratory study and structured to review (1) background to motivate the expansion of franchisors towards international market, (2) the status of Korean franchisors going international in recent years, (3) issues, (4) lessons learned from the experiences, and (5) summary. Secondary sources were reviewed to get necessary data and statistics. Results - Master franchising was the most preferred entry mode for Korean franchisors. Franchisors must understand the expenses to be incurred as well as revenues associated with international activities. Brand is the core asset of franchisor as a differentiation strategy. Conclusions - The paper indicates that even if international franchising is the unique business model for franchisors to use in little or least risk compared with other international entry modes, it needs a set of complex capabilities that much differ from those in domestic and franchisors should take a step approach to the international market with the planned and long term perspective.

프랜차이즈 모기업 핵심역량 자원이 가맹점 관계결속과 재계약의도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Core Competence and Resource Sharing on the Relational Bond among Franchisees and on Re-contract Intention in the Franchising Parent Companies)

  • 허영욱;주말찬
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.

프랜차이즈 시스템의 소유구조 결정요인: 이론과 증거 (Determinants of the Ownership Structure of Franchise Systems: Theory and Evidence)

  • 임영균;변숙은;오승수
    • 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.33-75
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    • 2011
  • 가맹본부는 자신의 전략적 선택에 의해 소유구조를 결정한다. 자원희소이론, 대리이론, 거래비용이론, 혼합소유이론 등 경제학과 경영학 분야의 다양한 이론은 가맹본부가 경제적 효율성을 높이고 수익 잠재력과 생존가능성을 극대화하기 위해 소유구조를 선택하는 것으로 보고 있다. 본 연구는 소유구조에 관한 다양한 이론을 가맹본부의 전략적 선택 관점에서 비교 설명하는 한편, 기존 이론에서 프랜차이즈 시스템의 소유구조를 결정하는 핵심변수로 다루어지고 있는 가맹본부의 역사, 규모, 거래특유투자, 불확실성, 위험공유성향 등이 직영점 비율에 미치는 영향이 이론에 따라 상이할 수 있음을 가설의 형태로 제시하고 이를 실증분석을 통해 검증하고 있다. 국내 543개 프랜차이즈 브랜드에 대한 정보공개서 자료 분석결과, 가맹본부의 존속기간, 종업원 수, 영업개시 소요기간, 가맹사업기간 역수, 로열티 부과여부는 직영점 비율과 긍정적 관계를 맺는 반면 총점포수와 가맹점의 지리적 분산도는 부정적인 관계를 맺는 것으로, 초기투자규모와 가맹계약기간 역수는 유의적인 관계를 맺지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 프랜차이즈 시스템의 소유구조와 관련한 이론 및 방법론적 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

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프랜차이즈 본부와 가맹점 간 목표불일치가 가맹점의 조절초점, 성과, 그리고 기회주의에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Goal Incongruity between Franchisor and Franchisee on Regulatory Focus, Performance, and Opportunism of Franchisee)

  • 이병관;오세조;김상덕
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The ultimate goal of a franchise system comes from its win-win strategy. Agency theory uses goal incongruity to examine complex contracting problems between buyers and suppliers. Goal incongruity within a contractual relationship can be defined as the agent's desire not to cooperate. It is the degree to which the contractual terms do not satisfy the agent's goals. The greater the goal incongruity between the agent and the contract, the more likely it is that the agent will meet the terms of the contract. Thus, goal incongruity between buyers and suppliers has close relationships with both behavioral and financial performance. This study tries to examine these relationships in the franchise context using a model including related variables, such as regulatory foci, financial performance, and opportunism, to explain the reasons that not all franchisees perform their best. In particular, the study examines the effects of goal incongruity on regulatory focus, and the effects of regulatory focus on performance and opportunism. In short, the objective is to determine goal incongruity's effect on regulatory foci, and the effect of regulatory focus on performance and opportunism. Research design, data, and methodology - This study used data collected from the franchisee managers of 104 franchisors in South Korea. The franchisors include more than 10 franchisees, the majority of whom have been in business for more than five years. The study also surveyed 104 franchisees, matched with their franchisors for the sake of a dyadic approach. The study used regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Results - H1 and H2 predicted that goal incongruity would decrease promotion focus and increase prevention focus. Supporting H1, the result indicates goal incongruity had a positive effect on promotion focus. However, H2 was not supported. Goal incongruity had no significant effect on prevention focus (β = -.375, t = -4.331 and β = -.145, t = -1.950, respectively). H3 and H4 predicted that promotion focus would increase financial performance and decrease opportunism. Supporting these hypotheses, the results indicate that promotion focus had a positive effect on financial performance and a negative effect on opportunism (β = .771, t = 7.899 and β = -.765, t = -6.778, respectively). H5 and H6 predicted that prevention focus would decrease financial performance and increase opportunism. However, the results do not support these hypotheses. The results indicate that prevention focus had no effects on opportunism or financial performance (β = -.130, t = -1.070 and β = .090, t = .641, respectively). Overall, the evidence generally supported the hypotheses. Conclusion - Goal incongruity between a franchisor and a franchisee increases the franchisee's financial performance and opportunism, and the relationship is mediated by promotion focus. Interestingly, however, prevention focus has no mediating effect between goal incongruity and performance. Even though no significant relation exists between goal incongruity and prevention focus, the results have two implications. First, decreasing goal incongruity can improve financial performance and suppress franchisee opportunism. Second, the relationship between goal incongruity and performance affects promotion-focused franchisees.

가맹본부의 지원제도가 본부에 대한 태도 및 가맹점의 재무성과에 미치는 영향 : 지역상권 경쟁강도의 조절효과를 중심으로 (Influence of Franchisors' Supporting Strategy on Franchisee Attitude and Performance: Moderating Effect of Competitive Intensity)

  • 이호택;김문섭;정연승
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.65-76
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - This article aims to present and test a model regarding franchisors' supporting activities that may positively influence franchisees' attitude toward the franchising headquarter and their own business performance. Moreover, the authors examine the moderating effect of competitive intensity between franchisee attitude and business performance. Most previous research focused on behavioral performance measurements such as satisfaction, trust, and commitment. There are few empirical studies that focus on financial performance data because it is difficult to determine a relational mechanism between behavioral and financial performance. Moreover, financial data is confidential and difficult to collect in many cases. However, this study measures financial performance (e.g., sales revenue per square meter) differently than most previous research, which is mostly focused on the behavioral performance measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our hypotheses, we selected 137 franchisee managers who are running chains of one of the foremost bakery franchise brands in South Korea. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed instrument by analyzing the data obtained from the samples. The data was analyzed using the AMOS structural equation modeling program. Results - The results indicated that: non-financial support activities (e.g., information exchange and communication) had a positive impact on the franchisee attitude toward the franchising headquarter. The franchisee attitude in turn had a positive effect on the headquarters' business performance. Furthermore, competitive intensity could enhance the relationship between franchisee attitude toward franchising headquarter and business performance in a local franchise market. However, financial support activities (e.g., rewards and promotional support) and training had no relationship with either franchisee attitude or business performance. Conclusions - This study provides some practical implications to franchisors in terms of franchise operation and store opening strategies. With respect to the franchise operation strategy, franchisors need to focus on non-financial rather than financial support. Most franchisees consider the necessity of financial support activities and not their sufficiency because these activities are specified in their franchise contract. In addition, it is important for franchisees to maintain a positive attitude for the franchise headquarters. The franchisees with a positive attitude for the franchisor can show a high degree of solidarity for various support activities, and it consequently determines franchisees' sales performance. In terms of franchise store opening strategy, this study suggests an additional criterion that can be considered in determining the location of direct and non-direct management stores (e.g., franchisees' stores). In this research, franchise stores located within high level of competitive intensity are shown to have a high relationship between franchisee attitudes of franchisor support activities and business performance compared to the franchisees located within low competitive intensity level. This result shows that opening non-direct franchise stores is more effective than direct stores in higher competitive market situations. Research contribution, implications, and further research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

이.미용업에서의 프랜차이즈 공정성 지각이 신뢰와 전환장벽에 미치는 영향 (A Study on the Relationship between Justice Perception of Franchise and Trust, Switching Barriers of the Franchisee in the Barriers and Beauty Parlors Business)

  • 김경란;류황건;오창석
    • 보건의료산업학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.75-89
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    • 2007
  • The start point of a franchise system such as Lotteria was in 1979. Since 1990, the franchise systems in Korea have rapidly spread over all industry types. As 'Franchise Law' was enforced in 2002, the expansion of a franchise picked up its' speed. The barbers and beauty parlors business has the same expansion trend. However, there was no study about the franchise systems in the barbers and beauty parlors business. The purpose of this study was to find the goodness of fit of the structured equation model proposed and identify the significances of relationships in the variables of justice perceptions, trust, satisfactions, business performances, switching barriers, switching cost etc. This study tries to find a solution for a good development between franchisor and franchisee in the barbers and beauty parlors business in Korea. The theoretical considerations about justice of this study is limited in reciprocal relation justice and procedure justice. And it did make simplify for trust, satisfaction, business performance, switching barrier. And switching barrier did measure as dimension of switching coot. From October 26, 2005 to October 29, this study collected 250 survey questionnaires from the franchisees located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Ulsan, and Keoyng-Nam. In analyses of using SPSS Windows 11.0 and LISREL 8.14, this study used 208 cases because 48 cases did not response appropriately. Tn conclusions. reciprocal justice perception and procedure justice jointly determined trust. Secondly, reciprocal justice perception significantly determined satisfaction. Procedure justice perception negatively determined satisfaction, but this relationship was not significant. Thirdly, reciprocal justice perception positively influenced business performance, and procedure justice negatively influenced business performance, but the last relationship was not significant Fourthly, trust positively significantly influenced satisfaction and business performance. Fifthly, satisfaction positively influenced business performance and true determined switching barrier positively. This study shows following: firstly, a composition concept did make structural relationship and secondly, a reciprocal relation justice of a franchisor did appear as an important variable and it gives positive influence to trust, satisfactions, business performance, switching barriers of the franchisees.

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가맹사업에 있어 정보공개서의 작성 및 등록제도의 활용에 관한 연구 : 가맹본부입장에서 (A Study on the Ways of Preparation of Disclosure Document and its Utilisation in Franchising: From a Franchisor Viewpoint)

  • 이재양;김판진
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2011
  • 2002년 5월 공정거래위원회는 '가맹사업거래의 공정화에 관한 법률'을 제정하여 정보공개제도를 도입하였으나, 정보공개서의 신뢰성과 투명성을 담보하는데 한계가 드러나게 되어 2008년 2월부터 가맹본부로 하여금 가맹희망자나 가맹점사업자에게 제공할 정보공개서를 공정거래위원회에 등록하도록 하고, 등록된 정보공개서를 가맹희망자나 가맹점사업자에게 제공하도록 하는 정보공개등록 제도를 도입하였다. 이에 가맹본부는 새로이 도입된 정보공개서 등록제도에 대하여 귀찮고 규제일원적인 제도로 생각하고 있으나, 가맹사업이 급속도로 발전되고 있는 요즈음 가맹사업의 경쟁력을 강화하지 않으면 자칫 도태될 위험에 처해있는 현실에 비추어 볼 때, 역발상으로 오히려 가맹사업을 전개함에 있어 가맹본부가 잘 작성된 정보공개서를 홍보자료로 적극 활용하고 예비창업자들에 진실성이 담보된 정보를 제공하여 가맹본부의 신뢰성을 확보한다면, 가맹사업자와 더불어 가맹사업을 성공적으로 이끌 수 있는 토대를 마련하게 될 뿐 아니라 또한 가맹점사업자와의 사이에 발생되는 분쟁을 사전에 미리 차단하여 대리비용을 감소시켜나갈 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가맹본부의 입장에서 정보공개서를 잘 작성할 수 있는 방법 및 그 활용방안에 대하여 연구하였다.