• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.4 s.71
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• pp.397-406
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• 2004

This paper presents the test and evaluation results on the shear strength and stiffness of a light steel stud wall from a lightweight foamed mortar (lightweight hybrid wall). The use of a lightweight foamed mortar was aimed at improving structural performance, thermal performance, and finish. Studiesshowed that it did not affect thermal performance, but it contributed to structural performance and finish when the unit weight was more than 0.8 (Editor's note: Please indicate the unit of measurement.). In this study, 14 specimens-whose parameters included the specific gravity of the lightweight foamed mortar (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), the spacing of the stud (450 mm, 600 mm, or 900 mm), finishing materials (such as lightweight foamed mortar, OSB, and gypsum board), and bracing-were manufactured. Three typical, steel house-framing specimens were added to compare the test results with the 14 specimens. The results of in-plane shear tests show that the use of lightweight foamed mortar (1.15~5.38 times stronger, 1.45~13.7 times stiffer) results in ultimate strength and initial stiffness. In addition, it was possible to widen the stud spacing to up to 900 mm without decreasing shear strength. It was very important to prevent the lightweight foamed mortar from shrinking and to secure the adhesion between the steel stud and the lightweight foamed mortar to improve structural performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09b
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• pp.131-156
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• 2002

Although economically viable, the livestock industry is currently facing a number of challenging environmental problems and highly complex social issues, many of which are related to its size and geographically concentrated nature. Increased emphasis on environmental quality has also placed new demands on livestock producers to ensure that their production practices are in harmony with natural environment. In terms of sustainable agricultural systems, ruminants have served and will continue to serve a valuable role. They are particularly useful in converting vast renewable resources from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other by-product into food edible for human. With ruminants, land that is too poor or too erodable to cultivate becomes productive. Also, nutrients in by-products are utilized and do not become a waste-disposal problem. In Korea, however, native and dairy cattle production is not consistent with the advantageous roles of ruminant livestock in sustainable agricultural system because imported feed grains become the main basis for cattle raising. At present the ruminant livestock producers are heavily concentrated in and around the urban areas. About 75% of all the nation's cattle herds are kept on the outskirts of urban areas. As a result, the amount of pasture and forage land available per head of cattle is generally small. Furthermore, animals are raised in a cattle shed with high density. This situation is rather unfavorable for the national economic and environmental points of view As nation income increased, the demand for livestock products grew at an unforeseeable pace. But the pasture area involving in current utilization is tended to decrease during recent years. Based on the above figures more than 250,000 ha of pasture ought to be available for the present herd of cattle. It is obvious that these needs can scarcely be met with arable lands. Lands area for the establishment of new grassland have to be found in the hills and mountains which have not yet been used for crop framing or livestock. The development of extensive grasslands in the hill and woodland areas is now a declared aim. The starting point of the present work is the lack of knowledge of forage production and utilization in hill pasture and woodland in spite of indispensable necessity for livestock production in Korea. The importance of pastoral system in hill region and woodland is particularly emphasized in a standpoint of sustainable livestock production. Main chapter comprises the principle and techniques applicable for improving the utilization of hill pasture and woodland. We finally discussed the problems to solve and future works for a successful livestock production in hill and mountainous area in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.285-293
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to closely examine the effect of exercise behavior change of casino securities on their Self-efficacy. This observation takes place in casino enterprises in the whole country. Within these areas, we set the selected employees as the targeted sampling unit, we extracted the specimen, using the stratified cluster random sampling with the quota sampling, putting a weigh on the specimen of focused areas. Among 420 persons sampling unit, we have excluded 47 copied which seem to be insincere, and actually used 373 copies in this study. Evaluation forms are used as a study method; each form consists of continuance 5 points Likert scales and nominal/proportional scaling and used after excluding a test through the analysis of validity and reliability. After encoding and inputting the framing completed data along with each purpose, it was computerized by computer process, making use of SPSS 15.0 version. Through the data analysis according to these methods and procedures, the result on this study is described below. First, the exercise behavior change process the self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics make a difference. Second, the self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics make a difference. Third, the exercise behavior change process influence on the self-efficacy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Purpose - Goal setting is effective in any domain in which an individual or group has some control over the outcomes. It applies not only to work tasks but also to sports and health, and in various other settings. Its success depends on considering the mediators and moderators determining its efficacy and applicability. This study investigates the individual factors influencing academic goal attainability. Unlike previous studies, we focused on the effect of the relationships between individual traits (passion, tenacity, self-control) and specific motivation (vision, self-efficacy, implementation intentions) with academic goal attainability, rather than the effects of the relationship between commitment and the goal shielding mechanism with goal attainability. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by the SPSS program. A total of 293 school students, who participated in the TOEIC program, participated in the survey. Slightly more than half were female (male: n=145 vs. female: n=148). We verified nine hypotheses through various statistical methods (reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model for the hypothesis test, bootstrapping test for the mediation test). Results - Data was analyzed in three phases. The first phase involved measurement analysis (i.e., item purification and factor structure confirmation), involving the scales of the three variables of individual traits, three mechanism variables, and goal attainability. The second phase involved estimating the proposed structural relationships among the key constructs (see Figure 1), using the results to test H1 to H9. The final phase involved examining the mediating effects of the three variables (vision, implementation intention, and self-efficacy). The research model shows that the independent variable passion has a significant result with both the mediators-vision and self-efficacy. Further, vision and self-efficacy significantly affect goal attainability. The second variable, self-control, shows a significant effect when mediated by implementation intentions, but the direct relationship between implementation intension and goal attainability shows an insignificant result. However, when further mediated by self-efficacy, it showed a significant effect between self-efficacy and goal attainability. Similarly, the third variable, tenacity, shows an insignificant result when mediated by vision. In contrast, the mediator self-efficacy shows a positive effect between tenacity and goal attainability. Conclusions - This study shows how these individual traits, when mediated with the appropriate motivational factors, resulted significantly in the attainability of academic goals. We may identify several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in the research into consumer goals and related studies. Future research could examine the effects of different learning goal types and their combinations with performance goals (e.g., learning goals first, then performance goals), different types of goal framing (approach success vs. avoid failure), the relation between goals and cognition (which, by implication, entails all of cognitive psychology), goal hierarchies, and macro goal studies with organizations of different sizes. More studies on the relationship between conscious and subconscious goals would also be valuable.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.597-601
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to closely examine the effect of exercise behavior change of casino securities on their physical self-description. This observation takes place in casino enterprises in Seoul, Busan, Kangwon and Jeju. Within these areas, we have selected companies with more than 30 securities. Among 450 persons sampling unit, we have excluded 77 copied which seem to be insincere, and actually used 373 copies in this study. Evaluation forms are used as a study method; each form consists of continuance 5 points Likert scales and nominal/proportional scaling and used after excluding a test through the analysis of validity and reliability. After encoding and inputting the framing completed data along with each purpose, it was computerized by computer process, making use of SPSS 15.0 version. Through the data analysis according to these methods and procedures, the result on this study is described below. First, the exercise behavior according to socio-demographic characteristics. Second, the decision-making balance according to socio-demographic characteristics. Third, the self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics. Fourth, the physical self-concept according to socio-demographic characteristics. Fifth, the exercise behavior influence indirectly on the physical self-concept throughout the decision-making balance and self-efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an eye care protocol for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Method: A systematic review was conducted to develop an eye care protocol for ICU patients. Searches were performed using computerized databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EBM Review) and citation search from 1996 to January 2007. For the keywords, "eye care", and "randomized controlled trial" were used to identify experimental studies regarding eye care for ICU patients. After reviewing the collected studies, a preliminary eye care protocol algorithm was created. Then, content validity was examined with ophthalmologists and ICU nurses. Results: Six studies were included to serve as a basis for framing of the preliminary algorithm. The final eye care protocol was completed after verifying the preliminary algorithm's content validity. The final eye care protocol was organized in the following manner: 3 items in the assessment stage, 7 items in the no-risk stage, 4 items in the low-risk stage, and 5 items in the high-risk stage. Conclusion: The results indicate that, for ICU patients, nurses can broaden their knowledge regarding ocular diseases, as well as improve their practice-based eye care nursing performance.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.935-946
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• 2016

This study aims to explore cognitive biases relating the core competences of science and instructional strategy in reducing the level of cognitive biases. The literature review method was used to explore cognitive biases and science education experts discussed the relevance of cognitive biases to science education. Twenty nine cognitive biases were categorized into five groups (limiting rational causal inference, limiting diverse information search, limiting self-regulated learning, limiting self-directed decision making, and category-limited thinking). The cognitive biases in limiting rational causal inference group are teleological thinking, availability heuristic, illusory correlation, and clustering illusion. The cognitive biases in limiting diverse information search group are selective perception, experimenter bias, confirmation bias, mere thought effect, attentional bias, belief bias, pragmatic fallacy, functional fixedness, and framing effect. The cognitive biases in limiting self-regulated learning group are overconfidence bias, better-than-average bias, planning fallacy, fundamental attribution error, Dunning-Kruger effect, hindsight bias, and blind-spot bias. The cognitive biases in limiting self-directed decision-making group are acquiescence effect, bandwagon effect, group-think, appeal to authority bias, and information bias. Lastly, the cognitive biases in category-limited thinking group are psychological essentialism, stereotyping, anthropomorphism, and outgroup homogeneity bias. The instructional strategy to reduce the level of cognitive biases is disused based on the psychological characters of cognitive biases reviewed in this study and related science education methods.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.385-427
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• 2007

This study examined the primary tones of news stories and the overall frames which are structuralized by the primary tones in the news reporting of the Private School Law and social conflicts occurring around the law. For this purpose, the study applied Lakoff and Johnson's metaphoric conceptualization to the analysis of the news stories reported in the Chosun Ilbo, the Hankyoreh, and the Kookmin Ilbo, which are considered to represent the audience of the conservative, progressive, and religious forces, respectively. The main goal of this study includes to describe in which manner the newspapers attempt to depict the frames of major social conflicts regarding the Private School Law. The results show that (1) the Chosun Ilbo and the Kookmin Ilbo attempt to structuralize the social conflicts by providing frames of 'freedom is an asset' and a 'war' metaphors; (2) the Kookmin Ilbo applied more frames of a religious metaphor among others; and (3) the Hankyoreh attempts to structuralize the social conflicts by offering frames of 'the front is good, but the rear is bad' and 'war' metaphors, which proves to be the opposite in presenting the overall framing.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.43
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• pp.314-358
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• 2008

This study examined how the meaning of news stories covering the split of national opinion was constructed in the media to represent social conflicts. To clarify the function of the term 'split of national opinion' as an ultimate term, this study examined the meaning of the term in the context of both text and society. Ten newspapers were included in the content analysis. The frequency of words used for the purpose of metaphor and equivalent in describing the split of national opinion was calculated to determine their meaning in the textual context. The frequency of incidents and subjects involved in allegedly causing the split of national opinion was calculated to determine their meaning in the social context. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the term 'split of national opinion' was coined by the newspapers as a metaphor of disease, disaster, and cost. The attitudes or the ways in which the split of national opinion was dealt with were generally negative and passive. Second, the term 'split of national opinion' was dealt with an equivalent status of such terms as national policy, national loss, societal problems, and ideology. Third, each newspaper reported that the split of national opinion had been caused by certain subjects, which indicates that each newspaper had its own position of viewing who was the key player in splitting the national opinion. The implication was also discussed that the use of the ultimate term would incur the unbalance of power between participants and the existing players, which would make individuals or groups who were involved in the social actions excluded and make the newspapers exercise the rhetorical power as news media.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.1-30
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• 2004

In this paper, I have attempted to show how the environmental controversy surrounding the Saemangeurn Reclamation Project in Korea has been framed as narrow scientific debates. First of all, science, or specifically the Expert Review Pane, has played dual roles in the controversy. On the one hand, it has contributed to illuminating the future environmental impacts of reclamation, by so doing, to providing a momentum to reconsider the project. This has significant meaning that environmental concerns successfully checked the symbolic national project of developmental era through adopting a joint-investigation scheme that guaranteed participation of environmental groups on an equal footing with the government. On the other hand, by limiting the scope and participants of discussion, it fundamentally blocked the possibilities of public debates and deliberative decision-making with full considerations of the political, social, and cultural aspects of the controversy. I have shown that this is due to the realist belief shared by both the developers and the environmentalists in Korea that 'proper' science would disclose the truth. Environmental groups, in particular, were naive in evaluating the role of scientific expertise in the controversy and neglected the political role of the Expert Review Pane as a ritual. In opposition to the realist argument, I have shown through the analysis of the water quality debates concerning the future fresh water lakes that scientific 'facts' were not discovered but constructed through complex negotiations, conflicts, and compromises among related actors. The framing of the controversy as an experts' debate has resulted in the exclusion of an important actor from the discussion. Little attention has been paid throughout the controversy to the very people who have lived in the Saemangeum area for generations and will lose their livelihood all together soon. About 20,000 fishermen are living on the Saemangeum tidal flats.