• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2021

The paper deals with comparative study of various surrogate models based approximate optimization in the structural design of the passive type deck support frame under design load conditions. The passive type deck support frame was devised to facilitate both transportation and installation of 20,000 ton class topside. Structural analysis was performed using the finite element method to evaluate the strength performance of the passive type deck support frame in its initial design stage. In the structural analysis, the strength performances were evaluated for various design load conditions. The optimum design problem based on surrogate model was formulated such that thickness sizing variables of main structure members were determined by minimizing the weight of the passive type deck support frame subject to the strength performance constraints. The surrogate models used in the approximate optimization were response surface method, Kriging model, and Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials. In the context of numerical performances, the solution results from approximate optimization were compared to actual non-approximate optimization. The response surface method among the surrogate models used in the approximate optimization showed the most appropriate optimum design results for the structure design of the passive type deck support frame.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.5955-5962
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• 2014

Generally, the frame design of a vehicle is a critical technology that plays an important role in the racing and high performance sports car market. The high performance of race car frame means that it requires high torsional stiffness because it directly affects the cornering behavior of the race car. The optimal design for the frame of a low-cost single seat race car was carried out using the DOE (Design Of Experiments) with Taguchi's orthogonal array and FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis to secure sufficient torsional stiffness in this paper. According to the results by DOE and FEM analysis, the optimal design case produced improved 10.7% and 14.5% improvement in each stiffness-to-weight ratio and frame weight than in the early design step. Therefore, this paper shows that the optimal design with Taguchi's orthogonal array is very useful and effective for designing a tubular space frame of a low-cost single seat race car in the early design step.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.447-462
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• 2020

In this paper, a simplified seismic design method for low-rise dual frame-steel plate shear wall (SPSW) structures is proposed in the framework of performance-based seismic design. The dynamic response of a low-rise structure is mainly dominated by the first-mode and the structural system can be simplified to an equivalent single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator. The dual frame-SPSW structure was decomposed into a frame system and a SPSW system and they were simplified to an equivalent F-SDOF (SDOF for frame) oscillator and an equivalent S-SDOF (SDOF for SPSW) oscillator, respectively. The analytical models of F-SDOF and S-SDOF oscillators were constructed based on the OpenSees platform. The equivalent SDOF oscillator (D-SDOF, dual SDOF) for the frame-SPSW system was developed by combining the F-SDOF and S-SDOF oscillators in parallel. By employing the lateral force resistance coefficients and seismic demands of D-SDOF oscillator, the design approach of SPSW systems was developed. A 7-story frame-SPSW system was adopted to verify the feasibility and demonstrate the design process of the simplified method. The results also show the seismic demands derived by the equivalent dual SDOF oscillator have a good consistence with that by the frame-SPSW structure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.155-163
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• 2006

Car seat is one the most important element to make comfortable drivability. It can absorb the impact or vibration during driving state. In addition to those factors, it is needed to have enough strength for passenger safety. From energy efficiency and environmental point of view lighter passenger car seat frame becomes hot issue in the auto industry. In this paper, weight optimization methodology is investigated for commercial car seat frame using CAE. Optimized designs for seat frame are developed using commercially available finite element code(ANSYS) and design of experiment method. At first, car seat frame is modelled using 3-D computer aided design tool(CATIA) and simplified for finite element modelling. Finite element analysis is carried out for the case of FMVSS 202 Head Restraint test to check the strength of the original seat frame. Two base brackets are selected as optimized elements that are the heaviest parts in the seat frame. After finite element analysis for the brackets with similar load condition to the previous test optimization technique is applied for 10% to 50% weight reduction. Design of experiment is utilized to obtain optimization design for the bracket based on the modified 50% weight reduction model in which outer shape of the bracket is conserved. Weight optimization models result in the decrease of the strength in spite of weight reduction. The more design points should be considered to get better optimized model. The more advanced optimization technique may be utilized for more parts of the seat frame to increase whole seat frame characteristics in the future.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

The seat back frame of the vehicle is subjected to load on the passenger behavior. Because of steel material, it is necessary to optimize the frame considering lightweight and safety. In this paper, finite element analysis is used for the optimal design of the seat back frame. First, a lightweight material is applied to reduce the weight of the seat back frame. Secondly, the design position of the pipe part fastened in the seat back frame was selected by considering the strength against the load generated by the occupant. Third, the shape of the side frame was derived by performing the phase optimization analysis for the AFT load condition. And we have compared the initial model with the optimal model to verify the light weighting and safety. As a result, the optimal design model of the seat back frame satisfying the weight reduction and safety has been proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.73 no.6
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• pp.699-714
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• 2020

Force based design (FBD) approach is prevalent in most of the national seismic design codes world over. Direct displacement based design (DDBD) and energy based design (EBD) approaches are relatively new methods of seismic design which claims to be more rational and predictive than the FBD. These three design approaches are conceptually distinct and imparts different strength, stiffness and ductility property to structural members for same plan configuration. In present study behavioural assessment of frame of six storey RC building designed using FBD, DDBD and EBD approaches has been performed. Lateral storey forces distribution, reinforcement design and results of nonlinear performance using static and dynamic methods have been compared. For the three approaches, considerable difference in lateral storey forces distribution and reinforcement design has been observed. Nonlinear pushover analysis and time history analysis results show that in FBD frame plastic deformation is concentrated in the lower storey, in EBD frame large plastic deformation is concentrated in the middle storeys though the inelastic hinges are well distributed over the height and, in DDBD frame plastic deformation is approximately uniform over the height. Overall the six storey frame designed using DDBD approach seems to be more rational than the other two methods.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.111-124
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• 2021

Starting with painting, it is the frame that plays the main role in movies, cartoons, and games as well as the act of attracting the audience's attention. Knowing about a frame is to be able to read and use the frame. Therefore, this paper deals with frames of digital games, especially multiple frames that complement the limited configuration of primary frames. In this paper, frame within frames are classified into structural frames, which are the basic components of the game, temporal frames, which reflect player behavior, and surface frames representing the characteristics of existing visual media. Through this, we examine the aspects of frame within a frame as digital game design equipment. This paper is meaningful in that it derives the possibility of using frame within a frame of games in the future and provides a mechanism for frame within a frame analysis.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2024

Present paper deals with the cost effective design of reinforced concrete building frame employing unified particle swarm optimization (UPSO). A building frame with G+8 stories have been adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present algorithm. Effect of seismic loads and wind load have been considered as per Indian Standard (IS) 1893 (Part-I) and IS 875 (Part-III) respectively. Analysis of the frame has been carried out in STAAD Pro software.The design loads for all the beams and columns obtained from STAAD Pro have been given as input of the optimization algorithm. Next, cost optimization of all beams and columns have been carried out in MATLAB environment using UPSO, considering the safety and serviceability criteria mentioned in IS 456. Cost of formwork, concrete and reinforcement have been considered to calculate the total cost. Reinforcement of beams and columns has been calculated with consideration for curtailment and feasibility of laying the reinforcement bars during actual construction. The numerical analysis ensures the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing the cost optimized design of RC building frame considering safety, serviceability and constructional feasibilities. Further, Monte Carlo simulations performed on the numerical results, proved the consistency and robustness of the developed algorithm. Thus, the present algorithm is capable of giving a cost effective design of RC building frame, which can be adopted directly in construction site without making any changes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.414-417
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• 2008

A lid & frame used as the shield of electromagnetic waves in cellular phones are composed of frame, which is welded at their electric circuits, and lid, of which debonding and joining are available from the frame. Typical lid & frame were mechanically bonded by contact between the embossing of lid and the piercing of frame Bonding force of this part have to allow us to detach the lid from frame for exchange or fix of the electric part and have to be high enough to protect the electric part from external impacts. This study is designed to estimate the effect of design variable of lid & frame on its debonding force. Estimations were performed by finite element method.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2009

A lid & frame used as the shield of electromagnetic waves in cellular phones are composed of frame, which is welded at their electric circuits, and lid, of which debonding and joining are available from the frame. Typical lid & frame were mechanically bonded by contact between the embossing of lid and the piercing of frame. Bonding force of this part has to allow us to detach the lid from frame for exchange or fix of the electric part and have to be high enough to protect the electric part from external impacts. This study is designed to estimate the effect of design variables of lid & frame on its debonding force. Estimations were performed by finite element method.