• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2019

Knowledge base means a library stored in computer system providing useful information or appropriate solutions to specific area. Knowledge base associated with autism is the complex multidimensional information set related to the disease autism for its pathogenic factor and therapy. This paper focuses on the knowledge of biological molecular information extracted from massive biomedical texts with the aid of widespread used machine learning methods. Six classes of biological molecular information (such as protein, DNA, RNA, cell line, cell component, and cell type) are concerned and the probability statistics method, conditional random fields (CRFs), is utilized to discover these knowledges in this work. The knowledge base can help biologists to etiological analysis and pharmacists to drug development, which can at least answer four questions in question-answering (QA) system, i.e., which proteins are most related to the disease autism, which DNAs play important role to the development of autism, which cell types have the correlation to autism and which cell components participate the process to autism. The work can be visited by the address http://134.175.110.97/bioinfo/index.jsp.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.597-606
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze difficulties in teaching and learning elementary school science on the chapter titled 'electric circuit'. 28 elementary school teachers who teach 5th grade science and 73 5th grade students in elementary school were taken part in this survey. The pilot questionnaire was distributed to find out both the degree and the reason of difficulties in teaching and learning. The answers are analyzed with four areas to extract elements which make class difficult; Learner factors (L), Instruction factors (I), Curriculum & textbooks factors (C), and Environment factors (E). The results are as follows. (1) It can be seen that both students and teachers feel the highest difficulty in 7th lesson 'the direction of current', while they felt little difficulty in lesson 3 'conductor and nonconductor' and lesson 8 'the safety of electricity'. (2) The most mentioned reason of difficulties in teaching and learning was Learner factors (L). (3) Teachers felt many difficulties in experimental environment. On the other hands, students didn't think experimental failures as serious trouble. (4) Students felt many difficulties in new terms and hazy concepts or expressions. (5) Teachers felt a lot of difficulties in those from Curriculum & textbooks factors.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore high school students' environmental literacy and from its result, to suggest ways to reform environmental education. 1047 students from Seoul and Kyeongki province participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of four criteria of environmental literacy including knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior. The result was analyzed and the factors which affect high school students environmental literacy were explored. From this result, we made suggestions to improve environmental education as follows. First, environmental education in school should focus on knowledge criterion. Though school environmental education has been helpful for students to build environmental literacy in attitude and behavior criteria, its effect has not been good enough in knowledge criterion. Second, science education can enhance students' environmental literacy. Students who like science best and students who belong to science major classes were reported to possess better understanding in knowledge criterion. Also, students who like life science appeared to have a more positive attitude in environmental literacy. Third, informal education must be considered to form students' environmental literacy. In particular, the effect of mass media is inarguable. Thus, we should find a way to link formal education and informal education to improve environmental education. Fourth, high school students' interest in the environment must be encouraged since it is evident that higher interest would result in better outcome in environmental education.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

A number of studies in recent years of have begun to look at the connection between country affinity (an interest in and admiration of a particular country) and a desire to buy the products and services of that country. Country affinity has been shown to be particularly important when consumers lack other sources of information about a good or service. However, except for direct questioning, methods to identify the affinity consumers might have for another country are lacking. This study examines the degree to which attending a movie set in a particular country will be related to an affinity for that country and possibly by extension the goods and services of that country. It is not the goal of this study to suggest that movies create the affinity, but rather that that the affinity will exist for viewers of the films. Two films set in Ireland and featuring Irish actors where shown to audiences composed of Korean students and a small number of Korean adults. As a point of comparison, students in two introductory consumer classes were also asked to complete a similar questionnaire. Four affinity factors were identified from a list of 17 items. Those who attended the historical drama showed a greater affinity for Ireland than those who attended the romantic musical. Affinity for Ireland among Koreans was also meaningful in predicting interest in purchasing Irish products.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 2011

In this paper, we analyze the standards of the bolts for maintaining the products. The maintainer don't know the detail information of bolts by seeing the shape of bolts when they repair the products. So they waste much time and cost. To solve the these problem, we propose the new systematical discrimination of bolts. To propose the discrimination code, we divide the shapes of the bolts into four classes(head, internal drive, shank and end). User can fine preferentially similar standards by just the shapes of bolts under the this discrimination code. And, User can find the standards of bolts that they want by using the additional information such as measurements. We will reduce the cost and time for the maintaining the products by using the proposed discrimination code.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.97-109
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between appearance interest, appearance satisfaction, and life satisfaction of adolescent, to disclose the differences of these variables according to demographic characteristics, and to examine the determinants of life satisfaction. The subjects were 322 teenaged girls (167 middle school students and 155 high school students) living in Seoul. The variables of appearance interest were plastic surgery, weight control, clothing interest, and hairstyle interest. Life satisfaction included school life satisfaction and daily life satisfaction. Appearance satisfaction had negative relationships with plastic surgery interest and weight control interest, while appearance satisfaction had no relationships with clothing interest and hairstyle interest. School life satisfaction and daily life satisfaction had negative relationships with plastic surgery interest. The upper class adolescents had high level of clothing interest and life satisfaction, and lower class adolescents had high level of plastic surgery interest and had low appearance satisfaction as compared to other classes. The adolescent group with high school grade had high level of appearance satisfaction, and the group with low school grade had high level of weight control interest. The life satisfaction was influenced by appearance satisfaction the most, and the next in the order by school grade, residence area, and weight control interest. The explanatory power of the four variables was 30.8%. Social stratification and whether mothers had an occupation or not had an indirect effect on the life satisfaction.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.830-836
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• 2005

Application of microarray technologies which monitor simultaneously the expression pattern of thousands of individual genes in different biological systems results in a tremendous increase of the amount of available gene expression data and have provided new insights into gene expression during drug development, within disease processes, and across species. There is a great need of data mining methods allowing straightforward interpretation, visualization and analysis of the relevant information contained in gene expression profiles. Specially, classifying biological samples into known classes or phenotypes is an important practical application for microarray gene expression profiles. Gene expression profiles obtained from tissue samples of patients thus allowcancer classification. In this research, molecular classification of microarray gene expression data is applied for multi-class cancer using computational biology such gene selection, principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering. The proposed method was applied to microarray data from leukemia patients; specifically, it was used to interpret the gene expression pattern and analyze the leukemia subtype whose expression profiles correlated with four cases of acute leukemia gene expression. A basic understanding of the microarray data analysis is also introduced.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.983-997
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• 2015

This research evaluates the soil conditions for seismic stations situated in Romania using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR). The strong ground motion database assembled for this study consists of 179 analogue and digital strong ground motion recordings from four intermediate-depth Vrancea seismic events with $M_w{\geq}6.0$. In the first step of the analysis, the influence of the earthquake magnitude and source-to-site distance on the H/V curves is evaluated. Significant influences from both the earthquake magnitude and hypocentral distance are found especially for soil class A sites. Next, a site classification method proposed in the literature is applied for each seismic station and the soil classes are compared with those obtained from borehole data and from the topographic slope method. In addition, the success and error rates of this method are computed and compared with other studies from the literature. A more in-depth analysis of the H/V results is performed using data from seismic stations in Bucharest and a comparison of the free-field and borehole H/V curves is done for three seismic stations. The results show large differences between the free-field and the borehole curves. As a conclusion, the results from this study represent an intermediary step in the evaluation of the soil conditions for seismic stations in Romania and the need to perform more detailed soil classification analysis is highly emphasized.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.42-57
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• 1997

The multicriterion matrix technique (MM-technique) was proposed for a method of monitoring and assessment about vegetation naturalness. Four criteria and 10 subcriteria were selected and two evaluation indices such as VN-value and VN-class were used. The criteria were characterized by syntaxonomical informations of hemeroby concept and potential natural vegetation, hierarchical system between criteria, and ordinal scale of VN-values. VN-values were classified into 11 ordinal levels and condensed to five VN-classes for facilitating practical use. A vegetation map of naturalness described by combination o( two indices was proposed as an alternative resolution of the DGN map. We also discuss the organization of the map content which is a matter of grid size (unit-area). In the case study, a grid size proper to show a full account of real information of actual vegetation is less 250-grid (250 $\times$ 250 $m^2$) in a medium size of city area containing relatively fragmented ecosystems. In conclusion, it was recognized that this new assessment technique was useful and vegetation assessment was accomplished with the smaller grid size in Korea.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2010

The purpose of teacher education can be accepted in various meanings but it is not too much to say that the ultimate purpose is focused on training teachers to teach instruction in school effectively. The purpose of this article consists in giving some suggestive points to the primary teacher education of our country by introducing education system, teacher education programs, real cases of teacher education in new zealand to the readers. To do this, I took part in four classes and observed the ones, interviewed some students and collected the materials of products of activity during one year and also videotaped for analysis in the case of needed and so we have reached the following conclusions. First, we have found that the teacher education program, practicum, management of class and assessment system of new zealand college of education are quite different with our primary teacher education systems and also various courses are established. Second, the teacher education in new zealand is focused on how they compose the environment of learning related to the context of one. Third, we have to think seriously how we can teach our students interestingly in our classroom. Finally, the global trend of instruction in new zealand teacher education is oriented to learner and so I felt that daily class itself is the one to cultivate creativity of learner.