• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 1993

TRH (Thvrotropin-Releasing Hormone) known to regulate the transcription of the TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormones gene in pituitary cells, but little is understood about the mechanism(sl involved. re present study was attempted to elucidate the role of Ca2+ movement through the voltage-gated channels in the regulation of TSH gene transcription. The c-fos is one of immediate early genes and used as model system for the investigation of signaling pathwavs involved in various stimuli. The changes of c-fos mRNA levels were determined after treatment of various agents using Northern and slot hybridization analysis. The c-fos mRNA was rapidly and transiently induced by TRH (about 3-fold) in GH3 cells and this induction was repressed by calcium chelating agent (EGTA), calcium channel blocker (verapamil) anti protein kinase C inhibitor (aminoacridine). The abilities of forskolin (adenvlate cvclase activators, PMA (protein kinase C activator), and A23187 (calcium ionophore) to affect c-ios gene transcription, either alone or in combination with TRH were tested in the same cells. All of them significantly increased the level of c-fos mRUA. However, no additive relationship was observed in all combined treatments except forskolin. These results suggest that TRH action on the c-fos gene activation is mediated by calcium influx as well as through protein kinase C.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2016

c-Fos is known to related to synaptic plasticity and apoptosis in damage from ischemia or external injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) is effective in increasing the number of c-Fos response cells and c-Fos expression in striatum after global ischemia in rats. There were no treatment and occlusion in the control group, global ischemia(GI) group were no treatment after carotid artery occlusion, and needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) group were treated with NEES after GI induced. The number of striatum c-Fos response cells and c-Fos protein expression significantly decreased in the NEES group compared to the GI group after 12, 24, 48 hours. The results of the present study suggest that NEES is ineffective in improving global ischemia in rats and may also be ineffective in the globally ischemic human brain.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

This study is to examine the effect of swimming exercise on the expression of c-fos, c-jun protein in rat hippocampus. 4-weeks aged rats and 16-weeks aged rats were used in experimental materials. All of two groups were classified into control and swimming exercise group. Swimming exercise was practiced for an hour a day. The results were got as follows after practical application in 1 day, 3days, 7 days. The expression of c-fos, c-jun protein was increased in all of the two experimental groups significantly in 1 day, 3days, 7 days. It was increased gradually in order of after 1 day, 3days, 7 days. There seems to be the effect of swimming exercise increasing the expression of c-fos, c-jun protein in hippocampus. Therefore swimming exercise can improve cognitive function such as learning and memory and prevent through activating immediate - early gene by swimming exercise. And it seems to have the positive effect on growth and recovery of nerve.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate expression patterns of the prolactin (PRL) and c-fos genes by 17$\beta$-estradiol (17$\beta$-E) and stress in the mouse pituitary. In the pituitary, the levels of PRL mRNA were found high with some fluctuation at 30, 50, and 90 min whereas the levels of PRL mRNA were low at 120 min when ovariectomized female mice were injected with 17$\beta$-E or vehicle. PRL mRNA levels began to increase again at 4 h and remained high up to 24 h only in the 17$\beta$-E- treated mice. The overall changes in c-fos mRNA by 17$\beta$-E were very similar to those in PRL mRNA in the pituitary. Subsequent study revealed that these high initial levels of PRL and c-fos mRNAs were caused by stress during Injection, not by 17$\beta$-E, since vehicle injection alone into the ovariectomized mice could increase the levels of PRL and c-fos mRNAs. The stress-induced elevations of PRL and c-fos mRNAs were inhibited by bromocriptin, a dopamine agonist, suggesting that the dopaminergic system is involved in the action route of injection stress. In addition, the induced levels of c-fos mRNA by 17$\beta$-E and stress in the pituitary were very low compared with those in the uterus. The time course changes in c-fos mRNA level were different between the pituitary and uterus. Taken together, these data indicate that PRL and c-tos gene expression in the pituitary are regulated by 17$\beta$-E and stress in a parallel manner, supporting the notion that c-Fos plays a role in regulation of PRL gene expression.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.141-155
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of bee venom (BV) Acupuncture into different treatment points, Chok-samni (ST36) and blank loci of the gluteal muscle and back. We investigated neuronal activity in the spinal cord using the Fos immunohistochemical technique according to the pretreatment with different concentrations of BV, thirty minutes before the formalin injection. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The number of Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI) neurons in L2 segment of the saline-formalin treated group was significantly increased in NECK and VENT of the spinal cord as compared with that of the room control group. However, there was no significant change in the number of the Fos-LI neurons in L2 segment of the BV-formalin treated group as compared with that of the room control group. 2. The number of Fos-LI neurons in L3-5 segment of the saline-formalin group was significantly increased in all the regions of 142 the spinal cord as compared with that of the room control group. However, the Fos-LI neurons in L3-5 segment of the BV-formalin treated group was dramatically decreased in all the regions of the spinal cord as compared with that of the saline-formalin group. Therefore, these results indicated that the BV acupuncture suppressed the nociceptive neuronal activities in L3-5 of the spinal cord induced by formalin injection. 3. There was a strong positive correlation between the formalin-induced pain behavior and the number of the Fos-LI neurons in L3-5 segment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.609-615
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• 1996

To study the effects of the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) intake on the intestinal microflora, the FOS (8g) was served to each of 5 volunteers (adult men $23{\sim}28$ years old) after every lunch for 4 weeks. Changes in fecal microflora, fecal moisture, and fecal pH were observed during the FOS intake and after the FOS intake, respectively. The fecal moisture content of the control period (4 weeks before the intake of FOS) was $81.77{\pm}1.18%$. The moisture content of the feces increased significantly at the end of the 4th week of FOS intake, and these effects lasted for 3 weeks after stopping FOS intake. The fecal pH before FOS intake was $6.56{\pm}0.09%$, while it decreased significantly (p<0.01) during the period of FOS intake. The pH reduction lasted for 4 weeks after stopping the intake of FOS. The log fecal number of Bifidobacteria during the period was $7.88{\pm}1.43%$ (CFU/g of wet feces) and it increased significantly during the FOS intake. After stopping the intake of FOS, the number of Bifidobacteria returned to those of control period. The log fecal number of Lactobacilli before the intake was $6.76{\pm}1.34%$ and significantly increased in 3 weeks due to the FOS intake. After stopping the intake of FOS, however, the number of Lactobacilli returned to those of control period. No remarkable changes were observed in the number of coliforms throughout all durations.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1999

Phorbol ester, growth factors activities are mediated by unclear transcription factors, the c-Fos and c-Jun, which can regulate transcriptional activation through specific DNA sites and by forming the transcription factor AP-l, which usually mediates cell proliferation and differentiation signals. We explored effects of Pini Folium extract (API-l) on AP-l activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that API-l decreased levels of c-Fos or c-Jun protein induced by the tumor promoter Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 200 nM). Transient transfection assays with a c-fos promoter reporter construct showed that API-l decreased transcription activity by ore than 50~60%. However, treatment of API-l activity studied further. The main substances were fractionated into dichloromethane layer. Futhermore, API-l extract repressed the [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake in C6 glioma cells, indicating that this extract could be included in a new type of modulator in the mitogenesis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1997

The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In this study The gene expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), c-myc and c-fos were investigated in L1210 cells. Adriamycin- or vincristine-resistant L1210 cells, L1210AdR or L1210VcR, respectively, has been identified to overexpression of mdr1 gene. The expression leve of MRP gene in L1210AdR and L1210Cis was more decreased than that in L1210 cells. The c-myc and c-fos genes were expressed both in L1210 and resistant sublines. In L1210AdR, the expressions level of c-myc and c-fos genes were decreased than in L1210. However, in L1210VcR and L1210Cis, c-myc and c-fosgene expressionwere rather increased than L1210. These results suggested that MRP does not contribute in resistance of drug-resistant L1210 cells and there is no relations between MRP and mdr1 gene expression. The expression of c-myc and c-fos gene may be changed during transformation of L1210 to drug-resistant sublines.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

Objectives : The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Deakumeumja herb-acupuncture on c-Fos expression in each area of the hippocampus of Alcohol intoxicated rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into five groups ; normal group, the alcohol-treated (control) group, the alcohol- 1 mg/kg Daekumeumja treated (sample A) group, the alcohol- 5 mg/kg Daekumeumja treated (sample B) group, the alcohol- 10 mg/kg Daekumeumja treated (sample C) group (n = 6 for each group). Rats of normal group were injected intraperitoneally with saline once a day for 5 consecutive days, while animals of the alcohol-treated (control) group were injected once a day with 2 g/kg of alcohol for the same duration of time. Animals of the alcohol and Daekumeumja-treated (sample A, B, C) groups were acupunctured at Chung-wan$(CV_{12})$ with 2 g/kg of alcohol and the appropriate amount of Daekumeumja extract once a day for 5 days. Each groups was evaluated by the changes of c-fos-positive neurons in each area of the hippocampus by using an image analyzer and microscope. Results: 1. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, the number of Fos-positive cells in the sample B, C groups were significantly increased compared with the control group. 2. In the CA2-3 regions of the hippocampus, the number of Fos-positive cells of the sample B, C groups were significantly increased compared with the control group. 3. In the Dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus, the number of Fos-positive cells of the sample C group was significantly increased compared with the control group. Conclusion : c-fos expression in each area of the hippocampus was reduced in alcohol-intoxicated groups. Treatment of Daekumeumja increased this reduction. In conclusion, it can be suggested that Daedumeumja possesses protective effects of the amnesia and learning disability in alcoholism.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.545-558
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• 2000

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of low power GaAsAl laser on Fos expression in the spinal cord induced by noxious mechanical stimulation. Noxious mechanical stimulation was applied to the right hind paw following 30min of low power laser treatment using different intensity and treatment point and the resulting Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn was compared to that obtained in rats exposed only to the noxious mechanical stimulation. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In intact control rats, only a few Fos like immunoreactive(Fos-IR) neurons were evident in the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. Similarly, following prolonged inhalation anesthesia, Fos-IR neurons were absent in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. In animals treated with noxious mechanical stimulation, neurons with nuclei exhibiting Fos immunostaining were distributied mainly in the medial half of ipsilateral laminae I-V at lumbar segments L3-5. These findings directly indicated that prolonged anesthesia used in this study did not affect the Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn of intact animals and noxious mechanical stimulation treated animals. 2. In acupoint treated animals, 10mW of laser stimulation, not 3mW intensity, significantly reduced the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn induced by noxious mechanical stimulation(P<.01). However, the supressive effect of low power laser stimulatin was not observed in 3m Wand 10m W of laser stimulation into non-acupoint. These data indicate that 10mW of low power laser stimulation into acupoint is capable of inhibiting the expression of Fos in the dorsal horn induced by noxious mechanical stimulation. In conclusion, these findings raise the possibility that low power laser stimulation into acupoint may be a promising alternative medicine therapy for the mechanical stimulation induced pain in the clinical field.