• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2001

In this paper we consider the problem of identifying and testing the outliers in linear regression. first we consider the problem for testing the null hypothesis of no outliers. The test based on the ratio of two scale estimates is proposed. We show the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic by Monte Carlo simulation and investigate its properties. Next we consider the problem of identifying the outliers. A forward sequential procedure based on the suggested test is proposed and shown to perform fairly well. The forward sequential procedure is unaffected by masking and swamping effects because the test statistic is based on robust estimate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1053-1066
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• 2005

In this paper we consider the problem of identifying and testing outliers in linear regression. First we consider the use of the so-called scale ratio tests for testing the null hypothesis of no outliers. This test is based on the ratio of two residual scale estimates. We show the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics and investigate its properties. Next we consider the problem of identifying the outliers. A forward sequential procedure using the suggested test is proposed. The new method is compared with classical procedure in the real data example. Unlike other forward procedures, the present one is unaffected by masking and swamping effects because the test statistic is based on robust scale estimate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2000

The classical method for regression analysis is the least squares method. However, if the data contain significant outliers, the least squares estimator can be broken down by outliers. To remedy this problem, the robust methods are important complement to the least squares method. Robust methods down weighs or completely ignore the outliers. This is not always best because the outliers can contain some very important information about the population. If they can be detected, the outliers can be further inspected and appropriate action can be taken based on the results. In this paper, I propose a sequential outlier test to identify outliers. It is based on the nonrobust estimate and the robust estimate of scatter of a robust regression residuals and is applied in forward procedure, removing the most extreme data at each step, until the test fails to detect outliers. Unlike other forward procedures, the present one is unaffected by swamping or masking effects because the statistics is based on the robust regression residuals. I show the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics and apply the test to several real data and simulated data for the test to be shown to perform fairly well.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.673-685
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• 2003

In this paper we consider the problem of identifying and testing outliers in linear regression. First we consider the problem for testing the null hypothesis of no outliers. A test based on the ratio of two residual scale estimates is proposed. We show the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics by Monte Carlo simulation and investigate its properties. Next we consider the problem of identifying the outliers. A forward sequential procedure using the suggested test is proposed and shown to perform fairly well. Unlike other forward procedures, the present one is unaffected by masking and swamping effects because the test statistic is based on robust scale estimate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.921-934
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• 2004

We consider the problem of identifying and testing outliers in linear regression. First, we consider the scale-ratio tests for testing the null hypothesis of no outliers. A test based on the ratio of two residual scale estimates is proposed. We show the asymptotic distribution of test statistics and investigate the properties of the test. Next we consider the problem of identifying the outliers. A forward procedure based on the suggested test is proposed and shown to perform fairly well. The forward procedure is unaffected by masking and swamping effects because the test statistics used a robust scale estimate.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2022

The study investigated the effects of differences in some electronic course designs on university students' Computational Thinking Skills (CTS). Towards this end, the researcher adopted the experimental research design of a quasi-experimental of two experimental groups. The first group was taught an e-course designed in a sequential pattern, and the other group's course was designed according to the holistic model. A CTSs test was prepared to collect the relevant data, and the data were analyzed statistically using these tests- Pearson correlation Mann Whitney and Alpha Cronbach. Results revealed statistically-significant differences at the level α=0.05 between the mean scores of the first and second experimental groups in favor of the latter in the CTS test. The findings gave ground to put forward some salient recommendations, including the need to expand computational thinking in universities' educational process. It also recommends urging faculty members to enhance e-courses in the educational process and provide technical support to students and faculty members.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop position control system of an electric actuator for automatic shuttle shifting of a tractor. The electric actuator was installed at the link of the forward-reverse gearshift of the tractor transmission, and controlled in the ranges of forward, neutral, and reverse positions. The position control system of the electric actuator was developed based on PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller and transfer function of the electric actuator. The coefficients of the PID controller were determined by Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method and optimized using simulation program. The prototype AMT (Automated Manual Transmission) test unit of the tractor was installed and used to evaluate the performance of the position control. The evaluation system for the control performance consisted of forward-reverse actuator, motor driver, and controller. The tests were conducted as the controlled positions of the actuator were changed from neutral position to forward, neutral, and reverse positions in sequence. The sequential tests were repeated 20 times. The operations of changing the gearshift were considered as the step response of the control system. Maximum overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error were analyzed. The results showed that performance of the position control system was reasonable and qualified. The maximum overshoots, the steady-state errors, and the settling times of the position control system were 10~20%, 1~5%, and 0.92~1.49 sec, respectively. The modifications of the electric actuator will be required to enhance the performance of position control during field operation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2016

Objectives: We developed a Korean translation of this questionnaire by sequential forward-and-backward translation. The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the POEM, the "POEM-K" by Korean patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A single-center prospective study was conducted with 50 participants diagnosed with AD. The POEM was translated to Korean version by an expert panel. Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used as external comparators. Results: Twenty men and thirty women between the ages of 18 and 63 participated in the study. The test-retest reliability of the total POEM-K was estimated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) that showed a strong agreement (ICC = 0.72). By using Pearson correlation coefficients, we compared the POEM-K to SCORAD and yielded a concurrent validity that showed a significant result. The responsiveness of the POEM-K was represented by the effect size (ES) of 1.41 and statistically significant (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The Korean version of the POEM is a reliable, valid, and responsive disease-specific questionnaire for assessing the symptoms and quality of life of Korean patients with AD.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2021

본 연구는 부분선형모형에서 변수선택의 문제를 다룬다. 부분선형모형은 평활화모수 추정과 같은 비모수 추정과 선형설명변수에 대한 추정의 문제를 함께 포함하고 있어 변수선택이 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 빠른 전진선택법인 LARS 를 이용한 변수선택법을 제시한다. 제안된 방법은 LARS에 의하여 선별된 변수들에 대하여 t-검정, 가능한 모든 회귀모형 비교 또는 단계별 선택법을 적용한다. 제안된 방법들의 효율성을 비교하기 위하여 실제데이터에 적용한 예제와 모의실험 결과가 제시된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2014

최근 기후변화가 미래 수문자료에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 예측하기 위한 다양한 기법이 개발 및 적용되고 있으며, 과거 및 미래 수문자료의 경향성을 파악하고 비교하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 경향성 분석은 크게 모수적 검정과 비모수적 검정으로 구분될 수 있으나, 수문자료의 특성에 의해 비모수적 검정이 유리한 경우가 대부분이다. 본 연구에서도 낙동강 유역에서 수집된 과거 및 미래 강우량의 경향성 분석을 위해 비모수적 검정 중 MK 검정과 SR 검정을 사용하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 경향성 분석 절차의 사전절차로 PW 기법과 TFPW 기법을 적용하고 비교함으로써, 자료의 사전처리가 최종 결과에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미칠수 있음을 제시하였다. 특히 SMK 기법을 적용하여 낙동강 유역의 강우자료의 경향성이 시작되는 시기를 추가로 분석하였다. 과거 강우자료의 분석결과 년총강우량은 대부분 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 4월과 5월 그리고 9월과 10월 사이를 기점으로 강우패턴이 변화됨을 알 수 있었으며, 미래 강우자료의 분석결과 기후변화가 심해짐에 따라 경향성이 시작되는 시기가 수개월씩 빨라짐을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 향후 기후변화와 관련된 연구의 기초자료로 제공될 수 있으며, 낙동강 유역의 수자원 관리와 계획의 수립에 있어 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.