• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the purchase patterns of processed foods and perception of school dietitians on nutrition labelling in Chonbuk area of Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from a total 156 dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 11.5 program. The results were summarized as follows. Among the 156 school foodservice systems, 64.7% of schools were operated in conventional system and 35.3% were in commissary system. Among the processed foods, seasoning foods(98.4%) and cereal products(93.3%) were used widely in school foodservice. Among the general characteristics of schools and dietitians, the style(p<0.01), and type of foodservice(p<0.05), career, and age of dietitians respectively affected the purchasing pattern of the processed foods. Approximately 30% of dietitians responded that some fortified foods used for the meal preparation(eg. Ca-fortified yoghurt). Only 57% of dietitians who has more ten year job career was agreed with the important of fortified foods for the menu planning. Despite the levels of education of the dietitians became higher, were no relationship between the confidence on fortified foods and the improvement on health for children. About 96.2% of dietitians knew nutrition labelling of processed foods. Only 25.6% of dietitians checked nutrition labelling of processed food when they purchased these foods for school lunch. The main reason for their checking nutrition labelling of processed foods was for nutrient of products. The dietitians understanding and trust in nutrition labelling of processed foods were not high. But the half of dietitians responded that the nutrition labelling can be helpful for the purchase of processed foods in school foodservice systems. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the mandatory nutrition labelling of processed foods and to prepare its consumer education program for school dietitians.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.781-786
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• 2013

본 연구는 시중에서 유통중인 유가공품 중 칼슘과 프락토올리고당 영양소 강조 또는 함유 표시 제품에 대해 실제 함량을 분석하였다. 칼슘 강화 유제품에 대하여는 우유류, 발효유류, 치즈류 등 40개 제품을 수집하여 칼슘 함량을 조사하였다. 그 결과 우유류 12제품의 1회 제공량당 칼슘 함량 표시는 105~500 mg (1.1~2.5 mg/mL)이었으며, 분석값은 1.0~2.4 mg/mL로 표시값에 대한 분석값은 87~127%이었다. 발효유류 12제품의 1회 제공량당 칼슘 함량 표시는 30~110 mg (0.4~1.4 mg/g)이었으며, 분석값은 0.3~1.6 mg/g로 표시값에 대한 분석값은 89~131%이었다. 치즈류 16제품의 1회 제공량당 칼슘 함량 표시는 84~2000 mg (3.5~20 mg/g)이었으며, 분석값은 4.2~23.0 mg/g으로 표시값에 대한 분석값은 83~127%이었다. 분석대상 시료의 칼슘함량 표시 대비 실제 분석값은 모두 80% 이상으로 축산물의 표시기준을 충족하였다. 프락토올리고당 강화 유제품에 대하여는 시중 유통 24개 제품에 대하여 그 함량을 조사한 결과 발효유 4.2~30.8 mg/g, 농후발효유 8.7~10.6 mg/g, 유음료 18.5 mg/mL, 연성가공치즈 1.3 mg/g으로 나타났다. 축산물의 표시기준에서 프락토올리고당에 대해서는 표시내용과 실제 함량 사이의 인정범위를 규정하고 있지는 않으나, 이들 24개 제품 중 실제 4개 제품에서는 명확한 함량이 표시되었으며, 분석값은 9.1~18.9 mg/g으로 표시량 대비 83~154%의 결과를 나타내었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.466-470
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• 2016

Early, aggressive nutrition is an important contributing factor of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. To ensure optimal growth in premature infants, adequate protein intake and optimal protein/energy ratio should be emphasized rather than the overall energy intake. Minimal enteral nutrition should be initiated as soon as possible in the first days of life, and feeding advancement should be individualized according to the clinical course of the infant. During hospitalization, enteral nutrition with preterm formula and fortified human milk represent the best feeding practices for facilitating growth. After discharge, the enteral nutrition strategy should be individualized according to the infant's weight at discharge. Infants with suboptimal weight for their postconceptional age at discharge should receive supplementation with human milk fortifiers or nutrient-enriched feeding, and the enteral nutrition strategy should be reviewed and modified continuously to achieve the target growth parameters.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2012

식물미네랄(phyto-minerals) 함량을 높인 미네랄강화 농작물(biofortification foods)을 개발하기 위하여 전기분해를 이용하여 10종(Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, Zn, Li, Sn, V, Ti, Se, S)의 미량요소를 함유하는 복합미네랄액을 조제하였다. 양액과 SCB 액비에 복합미량요소액을 방울토마토 처리한 결과 양액+복합미량요소액 처리구는 Li, Zn, Sr, Se, Ti이 증가되었고, SCB+복합미량요소액 처리구는 Li, Zn, Se, Co, Sr, Ti 함량이 유의성있게 증가하였다. 양액+SCB+복합미량요소액 처리구는 SCB액비, NS액비 처리구보다 Li, Zn, Se, Co, Ti 함량이 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 토마토의 생육과 수량은 양액처리구에서 가장 높았고, 복합 미량요소액 처리로 감소하였다. 토마토의 수량은 표준양액처리구와 비교할때 NS+복합미량요소액 처리구와 SCB+양액+복합 미량요소액 혼합시용구는 각각 97%와 94%의 토마토 과실 수량를 나타내었으나 미량요소 강화효과가 있었으므로 혼합용액을 조제하면 토마토 재배용 양액으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2006

The voluntary addition of vitamins and minerals to the appropriate foods may help reduce the risks associated with low intakes of these micronutrients, yet the potential of excessive intake, particularly for persons consuming very large amount of foods needs to be addressed. Using the Flynn's model to estimate the level of each vitamins and minerals that can be added safely to foods, maximum levels of fortification to conventional foods per 100 kcal portion were estimated. Critical factors in the Flynn's model included tolerable upper intake level (UL), each micronutrient intake at the $95^{th}$ percentile, the proportion of fortified foods in the diets of individuals, the proportion of foods to which micronutrients could be practically added, and a range of estimates for fractions of foods which might be actually fortified in each nutrient. Food vehicles included all foods except for fresh foods and alcoholic beverages, in general. With fortification of 50% of all potentially fortifiable foods, micrornutrients could be added safely to foods at levels per 100 kcal 1) > 100% Recommended Intake (RI) for vitamin $B_12$, 2) 1,200% RI for vitamin $B_1$ and niacin, 3) 1,000% $B_1$ for vitamins $B_2$ and $B_6$, 4) 400% RI for vitamin E, 5) 30% RI for calcium, 6) 20% RI for folic acid, iron and zinc, 7) 10% RI for manganese, 8) no fortification for magnesium, phosphorous and vitamin A, and 8) further consideration of vitamin D, copper and selenium due to insufficient evidence. Results of this study suggests a wide range of vitamins and minerals that can be added safely to foods in current diets of Koreans.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2005

The over-expression of Bcl-2 has greatly improved the culture period, specific growth rate, and maximum viable cell density of NS0 cells culture under low serum condition. Further analysis of these data suggests that a saturation model of the Monod type can be used to represent the relationships of specific growth rate and initial serum concentration. The ${\mu}_{max}$ and $K_s$ for the Bcl-2 cell line is $0.927day^{-1}\;and\;0.947\%(v/v)$ respectively, which are $21\%$ greate and $7\%$ lower respectively than its control counterpart. Study on the amino acid supplementation revealed that Bcl-2 cell lines possess greater improvement in the specific growth rate and maximum viable cell density compared to the control cell lines. A further increase in the amino acid supplementation has resulted a $17\%$ decrease in specific growth rate and no improvement in maximum viable cell density in the control culture. However, the Bcl-2 cell line exhibited a better growth characteristic in this culture condition compared to that of control cell lines. The higher specific growth rate and maximum viable cell density of the Bcl-2 cell line in medium fortified with serum and MEM EM suggested a more efficient nutrient metabolism compared to that in the control cell line. The low serum and amino acid utilisation rate and the higher cell yield may prove to be important in the development of serum/protein free culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted with 120 barrows weaned at 21 days of age to estimate their lysine requirement weaned at 21 days of age when other important amino acids were fortified to get optimal ratio to lysine. The treatments were 1.15% (control), 1.25%, 1.35%, 1.45%, 1.55%, 1.65% total lysine in the diet. Based on the growth performance total lysine requirement of 21-day old pigs appears to be 1.45%. The lowest digestibilities of dry matter and crude fat were found in pigs fed 1.15% total lysine diet and the highest were found in pigs fed 1.65% total lysine diet with no significant differences among treatments. Nitrogen digestibility increased as the total lysine level increased up to 1.35% (p < 0.05) and remained relatively constant beyond 1.35%. However, the best nitrogen digestibility was observed in pigs fed 1.45% total dietary lysine. Gross energy, crude ash and phosphorus digestibilities did not differ due to the increase in total lysine level. The amounts of excreted dry matter and nitrogen differed significantly by the increase in lysine level up to 1.35% (p < 0.05), while phosphorus excretion was not influenced by the lysine level. Dry matter and nitrogen excretion were reduced by 13.6% and 18.4%, respectively, when 1.45% lysine was offered to the pigs compared to the those fed on 1.15% lysine diet. The amino acid digestibilities increased as the total lysine level increased up to 1.45% (p < 0.05), and remained constant beyond 1.45%. The lysine requirement for the pigs weighing 6 to 14 kg seems to be higher than the previous estimates and in order to reduce pollutant excretion the accurate nutrient requirement should be set and applied to the animal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2009

For children, voluntary addition of micronutrients to foods must be done without health risk to any of them. This study examined safe maximum levels of vitamin A and C, and calcium for children based on nutrient intake data from the 2001-2002 and 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in Korea, while using the safe strategy for addition of micronutrients to foods suggested by EU. For the respective 2001-2002 and 2005 NHANES data proportions of potentially fortifiable energy intake ranged 0.36-0.40 and 0.31-0.34 and the $95^{th}$ percentile intake of energy were 2,325-3,296 kcal and 2,286-3,814 kcal depending upon age groups. Ninety-fifth percentile intake levels of vitamin A were over or close to UL, even without considering supplement intake for some age groups, which suggest that vitamin A fortification to foods required further consideration. For calcium, 12-14 year old children were the most sensitive group for excessive intake and nutrient fortification to foods. In these children, maximum levels for fortification were 242-290 mg and 484-580 mg with 0.135 and 0.068 proportions of fortified food (PFF) assumed, respectively, without considering calcium intake from supplements. With consideration of calcium intake from both diet and supplement, the maximum levels for fortification were 20-36% of those without supplement intake. The maximum fortification levels of vitamin C were the lowest in 3-5 year old children, showing 77-187 mg and 68-164 mg with and without supplement intake, respectively. These results suggest that the model used for risk assessment in this study can be used to help risk managers to set maximum levels for safe addition of micronutrients to foods.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 Photobacterium phosphoreum의 배양 및 생체발광을 위한 최적 배지의 개발과 장기저장 후 생체발광능의 회복을 위한 최적의 저장 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. P. phosphoreum을 배양하기 위한 배지로 Luria broth(LB) 배지를 변형한 modified LB(mLB) 배지를 개발하였다. mLB 배지는 Luria broth에 1.5%의 NaCl과 3%의 글리세롤을 보정, 첨가한 배지로, 미생물 생장 및 생체 발광량이 Nutrient broth 배지보다 약 25% 가량 높은 수치를 보여주었으며, 생장 대수기에서 생장 휴지기로 넘어갈 때 생체 발광량이 최고치에 달하였다. 30% 글리세롤을 첨가하여 $-20^{\circ}C$ $-70^{\circ}C$ 및 액체질소에 3개월간 보관한 후, 배양하여 생장 및 생체 발광량을 조사한 결과에서는 $-20^{\circ}C$ 보관한 시료가 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 항 동결제로 5% adonitol을 첨가하여 동결 건조한 시료는 재 배양 시 adonitol를 첨가하지 않은 시료보다 16시간 이상 짧은 생장 유도기를 보여 주었고, 생체 발광량이 최고조에 달하는 시간도 빠르게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different selenium (Se) products (inorganic, organic A, organic B) added at two supplemental dietary Se levels (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a RCB design, with a non-Se-fortified basal diet serving as the negative control. A total of 56 crossbred pigs (28 male and 28 female pigs) initially weighing an average $28.45{\pm}0.53kg$ BW were allotted to each treatment with four pigs per pen on the basis of sex and weight. Two pigs per pen were selected and bled from the anterior vena cava at 3- weekly intervals to analyze Se concentration. In the growing phase (0-6 weeks), increased ADFI was observed when pigs were fed organic Se compared to those fed the control diet or inorganic Se treatment (p<0.05). Pigs fed inorganic Se had a great ADFI than pigs fed organic Se (p<0.05) in the late finishing phase (7-12 weeks), although there were no differences in whole period ADFI between organic or inorganic Se products. During 12 weeks of the whole experimental period, serum Se concentration increased linearly when dietary Se level increased regardless of Se products (p<0.05). Both dietary Se source (p<0.05) and Se level (p<0.01) influenced the Se concentration of various pig tissues at end of this experiment and Se content was the highest in the kidney. For the determination of nutrient digestibility, a metabolic trial was conducted in 3 replicates in randomized complete block (RCB) design. A total of 21 barrows ($50.21{\pm}0.62kg$ of average BW) were used in the metabolic study. Selenium supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility except for crude protein. Crude protein digestibility increased with dietary supplementation of organic Se (A) compared with other forms of Se products or control diet (p<0.05). Consequently, this experiment indicated that dietary Se products and levels had no effect on growth performance of pigs. Se concentration in tissues and serum was increased in proportion to dietary Se level, especially when organic Se was provided. Although pigs were fed organic forms of Se, bioavailability of organic forms varied among products, consequently bioactivity of organic products to the animals should be evaluated before practical application in animal feed.