• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1163-1169
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• 1996

The effects of borax on the phase formation of C2S, C4A3 and $\alpha$'-C2S phases. It has negative effects on formation of C4A3 And it lowers the forming temperature of C4AF. It also has been found that borax improves the clinkerization of MBC. In the MBC clinker with borax 3% C2S have larger and more irregular shapes, larger C/S mole ratio and C4A3 have smaller size larger C/ molr ratio than in the clinker without borax.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2015

본 연구는 서울 지역 초 중 고등학생들을 대상으로 사교육이 학생의 인지 역량(국어, 수학, 영어 학업성취도)과 비인지 역량(교우관계, 자존감, 창의적 성격, 목표의식)에 미치는 영향을 자기주도 학습과 비교하는 방식으로 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 사교육은 학생의 인지 역량 발달에 어느 정도 효과가 있었으나 학교 급이 올라가면서 그 효과가 하락하였고, 비인지 역량 측면에서는 아무런 효과가 없었다. 반면, 자기주도 학습은 학생의 인지 비인지 역량 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2019

Based on the formation characteristics, wellbore parameters and insulated tubing (IT) parameters of the Shengli oilfield, Shandong, China, a geomechanical model is built to predict the temperature distributions of the wellbore and formation. The effects of the IT heat conductivity coefficient (HCC), well depth and IT joint on the temperature distribution of the IT, completion casing, cement sheath, and formation are investigated. Results show the temperature of the formation around the wellbore has an exponentially decreasing relation with the distance to the wellbore. The temperature of the formation around the wellbore has an inverse relation with the IT HCC when the temperatures of the steam and the formation are given. The temperature of the casing outer wall is mainly determined by the steam temperature and IT HCC rather than by the initial formation temperature. The temperature of the casing at the IT joint is much larger than that of the other location. Due to the IT joint having a small size, the effects of the IT joint on the casing temperature distribution are limited to a small area only.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 성인 평생학습 참여동기와 만족도 및 학습성과가 사회적자본 형성에 미치는 영향 분석을 위해 D시의 평생교육기관 및 시설에서 평생교육참여 경험이 있는 만 20세 이상의 성인학습자 354명을 대상으로 회귀분석, 중다회귀분석 및 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 성인의 평생학습 참여동기는 사회적자본 형성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 만족도와 학습성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 성인의 만족도와 학습성과는 성인의 사회적자본 형성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 성인의 평생학습 참여동기와 사회적자본 형성 사이에서 유의한 매개효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 평생교육의 이론적 실천적 함의로서 평생교육 발전에 많은 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.319-323
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• 1989

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) was obtained from peritoneal cavity in rat treated with casein. Effects of divalent cations and drugs on leukotriene $B_4(LTB_4)$ formation from arachidonic acid in the PMNL were determined by HPLC assay. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for $LTB_4$ formation from arachidonic acid, exhibited $V_{max}$ at $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, and $K_m$ at $9.89\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ of arachidonic acid. Optimal $Ca^{++}$ concentration for the enzyme activity was $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ but $Zn^{++}$ did not show any significant effects on the $LTB_4$ formation. Indomethacin and caffeic acid exhibited inhibitory effects on the $LTB_4$ formation at $1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ and $4\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, respectively. However, 6-aminohexanoic acid did not show any significant effects on the $LTB_4$ formation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2003

Objective : As a link in chain of research to confirm the oriental medical prescription which has the anti-atherosclerosis effects, this research evaluated the effects on the macrophage-related factors by using KanghwalSokdantang(KS). Methods : In order to perform this research, we have evaluated the effects on the oxLDL formation from the macrophages, the nitric oxide formation, and the oxidation of macrophages. Thus, with this evaluation, we have investigated the applicapability on the artherosclerosis. Results : KanghwalSokdantang has showed a noticeable reduction of protein oxidation in the process of oxLDL formation, has remarkably restrained phospholipid peroxidation, an index to estimated the phospholipid oxidation and reduction that are formed in the process of macrophage's oxLDL formation, and has increased the nitrite concentration noticeably in the LDL-dealing macrophages. By increasing the survival rate of macrophages, KanghwalSokdantang has restrained the cellular damages. KanghwalSokdantang is ineffective on the LDH outflow from damaged cells. $1{\mu}g/ml$ KanghwalSokdantang sample has increased acid phosphatase activity remarkably. Conclusion : KanghwalSokdantang has the possibility to be used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, which is formed by the oxLDL formation of macrophages.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2005

In the present study treatment of IBMX, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, alone induced osteoclast formation in co-cultures of mouse bone marrow cells and calvarial osteoblasts. However, treatment of IBMX in combination with prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ inhibited osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner. Among various isozyme-specific PDE inhibitors, a PDE4 specific inhibitor, rolipram, showed similar effects as IBMX on osteoclast formation. To address the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in osteoclast formation, cAMP concentration in calvarial osteoblasts was investigated. When calvarial osteoblasts were co-cultured with IBMX alone or in combination with $PGE_2$, the patterns of cAMP concentration in calvarial osteoblasts were differ each other suggesting that cAMP in calvarial osteoblasts subtly regulates osteoclast formation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.981-989
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• 1992

This is a study on the effects of cristobalite transition of quartz in semi-vitrious whiteware body, as addition of alkali and alkali earth oxides, prepared by pottery stone, feldspar, kaolin and clay minerals. The amounts of ${\alpha}$-quartz to ${\alpha}$-cristobalite transition, F.O.C. (fraction of cristobalite), were increased with firing temperature. In MgO added body, ${\alpha}$-quartz was decreased and the formation of cristobalite was increased. Effects of K2O addition was remarkably decreased the formation of cristobalite. Additive effects of MgO and K2O were confirmed that it was very different to variation of transition temperature of metakaolinite to Si-Al spinel structure in thermal reaction of kaolinite minerals. Result CaO addition was ineffective to transition temperature, and the transition temperature in Na2O added body was decreased, but relative intensity of quartz and cristobalite crystal in XRD results was decreased. This was characterized by the effects on the formation of liquid phase much more.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 1987

The micelle formation of NaDC was studied by fluorometric and viscometric measurements. The thermodynamic parameters of the primary and secondary micellization of the bile salt were evaluated. The primary micelle formation was appeared to be an entropy driven process due to hydrophobic effect, while the major driving force for secondary micelle formation of the bile salt is the large negative enthalpy. The secondary micelle provides less hydrophobic environment to pyrene than the primary micelle does. The cooperative aggregation of primary micelles via hvdrogen bond formation was proposed for the secondary micelle formation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2001

To select the section with shoot formation ability, the calli and shoot formation from three sections (first leaf including cotyledonary node, hypocotyl and cotyledon explants) of 5-days-seedlings of soybean were induced on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% gelrite for one month. The first leaf section exhibited the highest shoot formation rate (51%), followed the hypocotyl section (10%) and the cotyledon section (0%). The shoot formation rates and shoot number of the four excised sections (whole first leaf, a half of the first leaf, a third of the first leaf and only node) of the first leaf were also investigated on the same medium. A half of the first leaf explant and the third of the first leaf explant had higher shoot formation rates (76-80%) and numbers (3-4 / explants) than those in other two explants. Effects of six cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, BAP, 2iP, PBA, and TDZ) on shoot formation were determined, using the half of the first leaf explants. Zeatin (1.0 mg/L) exhibited the highest in shoot formation rate (94%) and numbers (8 / explant). In addition, the combined effects of three cytokinins (zeatin, BAP, and TDZ; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L, respectively) and an auxin (IAA; 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were determined. The combination (1:1, v/v) of zeatin (1.0 mg/L) and IAA (1.0 mg/L) exhibited the highest in shoot formation rate (96%) and numbers (16 / explant), twice more than zeatin (1.0 mg/L) alone. The shoot cuttings were transferred and cultivated on the rooting media supplemented with only auxin, IBA at various concentrations. The highest root formation (8 / shoot) was achieved on the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the plantlets with an extensive root system were transplanted in pots with a soil mixture of vermiculite and fine sand. Transferred to field, about 75% of the plantlets survived.