• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2018

With the development of the game industry, 'games about games,' which examine the identity of game itself through a form of the game, emerged with a variety of shapes. Thus, this paper aims to suggest a definition, characteristics, and meaning of 'meta game.' Firstly, meta games strengthen the artificiality of the games and suggest procedurality through a form of the game play. Meta games also utilize the external context as a part of the games, and use the metaphor of 'labyrinth' to identify a feature of the game space. Furthermore, they emphasize intertextuality and prove that the fantasy and the reality can merge within the game world. In conclusion, meta games prove themselves to be independent expressional arts and experimental content, and suggest the potential for an alternative medium beyond formality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.213-229
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• 2005

The first and the longest criminal indictment case of Korean medico-legal battle, so called BORAMAE Hospital Incident, was finally on its end by Korean Supreme Court's decision on June 24, 2004, after 7 years long legal dispute via Seoul District Court and Seoul Superior Appeal Court's decision. Boramae Hospital case was the first Korean legal case of Withdrawing Life-sustaining treatment of mechanical respirator on 58 years old Extradural Hematoma victim who was on Respirator under Coma after multi-organ failure postoperatively(APACHE II score: 34-39). Two physicians who have involved patient's care and had helped to make discharge the Near-death patient to home after repeated demand of patient's wife, due to economic reason, were sentenced as homicidal crime. This review article will discuss the following items with the review of US cases, Quinlan(1976), Nancy Cruzan(1990), Barber (1983), Helen Wanglie(1990), Baby K (1994) and Baby L cases, along with Official Statement of ATS and other Academic dignitaries of US and World.: [1] Details of Boramae Hospital incident, medical facts description and legal language of homicidal crime sentence. [2] The medical dispute about the legal misinterpretation of patient's clinical status, regarding the severity of the victim with multi-organs failure on Respirator under coma with least chance of recovery, less than 10% probability. [3] Case study of US, of similar situation. [4] Introduction of ATS official Statement on Withdrawing/ Withholding Life sustaining treatment. [5] Patient Autonomy as basic principle. [6] The procedural formality in Medical practise for keeping the legitimacy. [7] The definition of Medical Futility and its dispute. [8] Dying in Dignity and PAS(Physician Assisted Suicide)/and/or Euthanasia [9] The Korean version of "Dying in Dignity", based on the Supreme Court's decision of Boramae Hospital incident (2004.6.24.) [10] Summary and Author's Note for future prospects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

Since the beginning of the 90's, Fashion shows appear to be a type of performance form of art combining with other areas to visually entertain the viewers. This can be explained by the modern tendency to escape from society which requires formality and complicated lifestyles. Fashion shows take place in a scene Influenced by the idea of post-modernism which redefines the definition of space. A church, old factory, unoccupied ground, subway stations, or even place like a waste disposal are used as a setting. The stage set is no longer the T shape run way and the procinium arch has disappeared. The gap between audience and stage has diminished and theatrical element is added to the fashion performance by using viewers living and working environments as setting of the show. The human relation with machine based on the cutting edge technology such as the stage automation, robots and mist making sprinkler system introduces new elements with spontaneity and detailed planning in the stage performance. Music also plays an Important role in attracting viewers. The sound track covers house music to techno music. Instead of music being abstract, folks orchestral music, choirs, piano. even live concert performed by pop artist provide the liveliness of the fashion show. And the catwalk itself is a performance. Model needs to be well trained as the capable talent who can handle sensitive gestures, facial expressions, dancing and choreography. The improvisatorial interaction between audience and model lead to audience participation. Models now range from pop star, ordinary people, handicapped people, to elderly and so on. John Galliano introduced the theatrical factors for the fashion show and Alexander Mcqueen approached the fashion show as the visual art of communication. Hussein Chalayan utilized high technology skewing futurism as if in a magic show. Today the Fashion show tends to be a total performance which includes audience participation, impromptu, and that break the limitation that fashion shows previously had. This will lead the fashion industry in opening new horizon of its own.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.754-765
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out about the impact on self-identity and creativity of college students through the fashion collage program. The methods of research were content analysis and statistical analysis. The research subjects consisted of six fashion major college students experiment group and six control group students attending P university in Busan. The period of investigation was conducted once a week in the 9th session (2019. 04. 25. - 06. 18). The analysis criteria of fashion collage were divided into formality and contents, and the analysis criteria consisted of number of collage pieces, margin, overlapping, cut method, text position, color, space layout, and location of fashion design drawing. Collage maps were analyzed based on formal analysis, and fashion design drawings were analyzed based on formal and contents analysis. In order to verify the effectiveness of the fashion collage program, a pre-post test of self-identity and creativity was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program, U-test of Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In pre-post test of self-identity and creativity, there were significant differences. In conclusion, it has been shown that fashion collage programs are effective in improving self-identity and creativity for college students majoring in fashion. This study has a limitation of collage programs focused on self-discovery, so it should be carefully analyzed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

Integrated Railroad Information System(IRIS) Construction Project is one of the super projects in Korea required to invest over 100 billion won and 10,000 engaged manpower until Dec 30, 2004. Composition of this paper is as follows; firstly, examined individual contents and aspects of IRIS, and studied formality and contents that have been based to project methodology for successful propulsion of project in overall situation of SI project progress until present. Secondly, presented for construction background of IRIS as well as Project Management and Project Development Methodologies. Thirdly, described each characteristic and development substance for individual systems after present whole contents and system image of the system. Finally, presented successful propulsion result of this project and development directions. We presented development example laying stress on IRIS's Project contents and propulsion circumstances. Evaluation about operation results should be analyzed and studied in detail operating system from now on.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.907-910
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• 2009

With the growth of the internet, news was enlarged from paper to web. News would be going to have a new formality through technical improvement of web. The aim of this study was to needs about the news that would be newly shown with a future growth. News is reputed to be a piece of information which is not known to the general public and coexists in our life. Therefore, news has an its significant in substance when applied to daily-life of the users. This study analyzes based on 16 fields of news-contents. Fashion was a choice for this study after selection of 8 items. Women with an emotional propensity to consume were targeted as an example of the interface of new in the days to come. The user's experience about Fashion news in daily-life was carried out to deduce the elements of design of Fashion news in the days to come. As a result, the needs of user could be classified into classes of interface, flat form.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2007

The purpose of the this study is to make a historical review of changes in the structural decorations of men's costume from ancient times to modern times and to provide basic materials for developing handicraft decoration techniques and sewing methods in contemporary fashion. Their gorgeousness of collars and sleeves reached its peak along with the exaggerated expression of the human body during the Renaissance when people were free from Christian traditions of the Middle Ages and pursued human pleasures. Huge and decorative collars gave great dignity and formality to the wearer. Sleeves were slim and cuffs were small or nonexistent after the French Revolution. Various decorated pockets had been developed since pockets began to be attached to coats in the 17th century. Pockets were at the bottom of coat in the late 17th century, but they were gradually placed much higher on the coat. Buttons began to be used as the tool for sticking fast body to clothes in the 12th century and became extremely sumptuous accessories in the $16th{\sim}18th$ centuries. Men's clothes were simpler and more practical after the French Revolution. The result was that decorative buttons begun to disappear and metal buttons came out for practical purpose. The number of buttons worn on sleeves was also noticeably reduced. This research suggested the possibility that various decoration techniques could create the unique details in the each part of clothes. In order to develop high value-added products, we need to study various decoration-sewing methods and put to practical use them for creative fashion design.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.539-552
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out the proper evaluative words and colors according to various fashion images and to classify the fashion images according to certain criteria. 13 books which included the content of the fashion images were selected to draw evaluative words and colors. Evaluative words and colors were found out as follows: classic image-traditional, classical, conservative and brown, wine, dark yellow, modem image-intelligent, rational, westernized and achromatic color, cool colors, elegance image-dignified, graceful, chic and greyish tone, pale tone, romantic image-cute, lovely, girlish, natural image-natural, comfortable, gently and brown, ivory beige, khaki, casual image-energetic, comfortable, active and red, yellow, blue family. The classification of fashion images according to various criteria were as follows. According to sex: feminine-elegance, romantic, pretty and masculine-mannish, dandy, military. According to time: past-conservative, traditional, classical, and present-modern, contemporary, sophisticate. According to formality: formal-formal wear of classic, elegance, mannish, dandy style and informal-natural, casual. According to intelligence, the elite style-modern, elegance, classic, sophisticate and the public style-casual, natural.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-65
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• 2012

Urban traditional housing is a type of the urban housing which have developed by itself from the traditional vernacular houses and it has continued with a traditional feature in the westernization and modernization affection of Korea. Also, the urban traditional housing is still one of the housing in the present and it makes a urban village with a rich culture benefit and fresh natural environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the periodical characteristics of urban traditional house in korea's provincial town Gyeongju. The local range is Hwang-Nam Hanok Conservation Area in Gyeongju and the period range is 1874~2000s. So the first period from 1874 to 1909, the second period is 1910 to 1945, the third period is 1946 to 1969, the fourth period is 1970s, and the fifth period is since the 1980s. This classification will be considered of the social phenomenon at the time. The total number of target houses are 8 houses. They were analyzed by layout, floor plan, and elevation characteristics of urban traditional house. For structure of this study, Chapter 1, establishes the goal and range of study. Chapter 2, 3, examines distinctions of urban traditional house with traditional house, and meaning of urban traditional house, and transition of urban traditional house. Chapter 4, establishes formality to analysis, and performed from plan to elevation analysis, observation survey, and interview through door-to-door survey, and clarifies trend and characteristic of urban traditional house's change by integrating the results, and Chapter 5, is results integrating the above studies.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2008

Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) and Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) are two major frameworks for modeling, representing and reasoning about causal knowledge. Despite their extensive use in causal knowledge engineering, there is no reported work which compares their respective roles. This paper aims to fill the gap by providing a qualitative comparison of the two frameworks through a systematic analysis based on some inherent features of the frameworks. We proposed a set of comparison criteria which covers the entire process of causal knowledge engineering, including modeling, representation, and reasoning. These criteria are usability, expressiveness, reasoning capability, formality, and soundness. The results of comparison have revealed some important facts about the characteristics of FCM and BBN, which will help to determine how FCM and BBN should be used, with respect to each other, in causal knowledge engineering.