• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.83-100
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• 1980

This study was intended to computerize the structural analysis of two-dimensional continuum by finite element method, and to provide a preparatory basis for more sophisticated and more generalized computer programs of this kind. A computer program, applicable to any shape of two-dimensional continuum, was formulated on the basis of 16-degree-of- freedom rectangular element. Various computational aspects pertaining to the implementation of finite element method were reviewed and settled in the course of programming. The validity of the program was checked through several case studies. To assess the accuracy and the convergence characteristics of the method, the results computed by the program were compared with solutions by other methods, namely the analytical Navier's method and the framework method. Through actual programming and analysis of the computed results, the following facts were recognized; 1) The stiffness matrix should necessarily be assembled in a condensed form in order to make it possible to discretize the continuum into practically adequate number of elements without using back-up storage. 2) For minimization of solution time, in-core solution of the equilibrium equation is essential. LDLT decomposition is recommended for stiffness matrices condensed by the compacted column storage scheme. 3) As for rectangular plates, the finite element method shows better performances both in the accuracy and in the rate of convergence than the framework method. As the number of elements increases, the error of the finite element method approaches around 1%. 4) Regardless of the structural shape, there is a uniform tendency in convergence characteristics dependent on the shape of element. Square elements show the best performance. 5) The accuracy of computation is independent of the interpolation function selected.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

1. Objectives The Body Shape and Feature is one of the important standard for classification of Sasang Constitutions. In order to evaluate one's Body Shape and Feature objectively we have been developing the Body Measuring Machine. Now we develop the 3D Automatic Body Measuring Machine(3D-ABMM). So we make an analysis of the 3D-ABMM's Accuracy. 2. Methods By using the 3D-ABMM and Vivid 9i(3D laser scanner, Konica Minolta) we have a surface scan of the three objects which are the upper body of the female and male Manikin and a male model. We overlap each scan data using the RapidForm2006 (3D scan data solution, INUS Technology) and calculate the average distance and standard deviation between the same point of each scan data. 3. Results and Conclusions In the female Manikin, the average distance is 0.84mm and the standard deviation is 1.16mm and the maximum distance is 10.68mm. In the male Manikin, the average distance is 1.12mm and the standard deviation is 1.19mm and the maximum distance is 12.00mm. In the male model, the average distance is 3.26mm and the standard deviation is 2.59mm and the maximum distance is 12.75mm. From the results, 3D-ABMM has good accuracy for scanning body and will be a usable hardware of the 3D Automatic Body Analysis Machine.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

국토의 효율적인 관리와 운영을 위해서 지적측량의 정립이 요구되는 실정이며 국가 지리정보체계의 자료기반 구축을 위해 지적측량의 확립이 필요하다. 대부분의 GPS 적용은 실시간으로 이동국에서 수 cm의 정확도를 요구하지만 더 높은 측위 정확도를 성취하기 위해서는 반송파를 이용한 이중차 기법으로 성취될 수 있다. 이 방법은 기준국과 이동국의 자료 연결 장치를 이용하여 기준국 보정값을 이동국에 전송하며, 이동국에 수신된 보정값은 기준국과 이동국 수신기 사이의 차분 관측값을 형성하여 이동국 관측값에 적용됨으로 고정확도 위치를 획득한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 실시간 동적 GPS를 이용하여 지적측량에 적용함으로서 일필지의 면적을 산출하고, 이를 토지대장과 TS 관측에 의한 면적과 비교하여 평균오차가 최소 $2.42m^{2}\;{\sim}$ 최대 13.69m^{2}를 나타내었으며, RMSE는 최소 $0.00329{\sim}$ 최대 0.01846를 나타내었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.747-769
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• 2020

This paper provides a semi-analytical approach to investigate the variations of 3D displacement components, electric potential, stresses, electric displacements and transverse vibration frequencies in laminated piezoelectric composite plates based on the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) and the precise integration algorithm (PIA). The proposed approach can analyze the static and dynamic responses of multilayered piezoelectric plates with any number of laminae, various geometrical shapes, boundary conditions, thickness-to-length ratios and stacking sequences. Only a longitudinal surface of the plate is discretized into 2D elements, which helps to improve the computational efficiency. Comparing with plate theories and other numerical methods, only three displacement components and the electric potential are set as the basic unknown variables and can be represented analytically through the transverse direction. The whole derivation is built upon the three dimensional key equations of elasticity for the piezoelectric materials and no assumptions on the plate kinematics have been taken. By virtue of the equilibrium equations, the constitutive relations and the introduced set of scaled boundary coordinates, three-dimensional governing partial differential equations are converted into the second order ordinary differential matrix equation. Furthermore, aided by the introduced internal nodal force, a first order ordinary differential equation is obtained with its general solution in the form of a matrix exponent. To further improve the accuracy of the matrix exponent in the SBFEM, the PIA is employed to make sure any desired accuracy of the mechanical and electric variables. By virtue of the kinetic energy technique, the global mass matrix of the composite plates constituted by piezoelectric laminae is constructed for the first time based on the SBFEM. Finally, comparisons with the exact solutions and available results are made to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the developed methodology. What's more, the effect of boundary conditions, thickness-to-length ratios and stacking sequences of laminae on the distributions of natural frequencies, mechanical and electric fields in laminated piezoelectric composite plates is evaluated.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 합성곱 신경망(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN) 구조를 이용하여 잡음 환경에서 음향신호를 분류할 때, 인식률을 높이는 결합 특징을 제안한다. 반면, Wiener filter를 이용한 강인한 log Mel-filter bank와 PNCCs(Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients)는 CNN 구조의 입력으로 사용되는 2차원 특징을 형성하기 위해 추출됐다. 자연환경에서 43종의 조류 울음소리를 포함한 ebird 데이터베이스는 분류 실험을 위해 사용됐다. 잡음 환경에서 결합 특징의 성능을 평가하기 위해 ebird 데이터베이스를 3종류의 잡음을 이용하여 4개의 다른 SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)(20 dB, 10 dB, 5 dB, 0 dB)로 합성했다. 결합 특징은 Wiener filter를 적용한 log-Mel filter bank, 적용하지 않은 log-Mel filter bank, 그리고 PNCC와 성능을 비교했다. 결합 특징은 잡음이 없는 환경에서 1.34 % 인식률 향상으로 다른 특징에 비해 높은 성능을 보였다. 추가적으로, 4단계 SNR의 잡음 환경에서 인식률은 shop 잡음 환경과 schoolyard 잡음 환경에서 각각 1.06 %, 0.65 % 향상했다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2016

In this research paper, suggest method of generate same bead as an actual measurement data in virtual welding conditions, exploit morphology information of the bead that acquired through robot welding. It has many multiple risk factors to Beginners welding training, by we make possible to train welding in virtual reality, we can reduce welding training risk and welding material to exploit bead visualization algorithm that we suggest so it will be expected to achieve educational, environmental and economical effect. The proposed method is acquire data to each case performing robot welding by set the voltage, current, working angle, process angle, speed and arc length of welding condition value. As Welding condition value is most important thing in decide bead form, we would selected one of baseline each item and then acquired metal followed another factors change. Welding type is FCAW, SMAW and TIG. When welding trainee perform the training, it's difficult to save all of changed information into database likewise working angle, process angle, speed and arc length. So not saving data into database are applying the method to infer the form of bead using a neural network algorithm. The way of bead's visualization is applying the spline algorithm. To accurately represent Morphological information of the bead, requires much of morphological information, so it can occur problem to save into database that is why we using the spline algorithm. By applying the spline algorithm, it can make simplified data and generate accurate bead shape. Through the research paper, the shape of bead generated by the virtual reality was able to improve the accuracy when compared using the form of bead generated by the robot welding to using the morphological information of the bead generated through the robot welding. By express the accurate shape of bead and so can reduce the difference of the actual welding training and virtual welding, it was confirmed that it can be performed safety and high effective virtual welding education.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) materials have many advantages over conventional structural materials, i.e., high specific strength and stiffness, high corrosion resistance, right weight, etc. Among the various manufacturing methods, pultrusion process is one of the best choices for the mass production of structural plastic members. Since the major reinforcing fibers are placed along the axial direction of the member, this material is usually considered as an orthotropic material. However, pultruded FRP (PFRP) structural members have low modulus of elasticity and are composed of orthotropic thin plate components the members are prone to buckle. Therefore, stability is an important issue in the design of the pultruded FRP structural members. Many researchers have conducted related studies to publish the design method of FRP structures and recently, referred to the previous researches, pre-standard for LRFD of pultruded FRP structures is presented. In this paper, the accuracy and suitability of design equation for the local buckling strength of pultruded FRP I-shape compression members presented by ASCE are estimated. In the estimation, we compared the results obtained by design equation, closed-form solution, and experiments conducted by previous researches.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권10C호
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• pp.1001-1009
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• 2009

본 논문은 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 통신에서 무선자원을 절약할 수 있는 효율적인 블라인드(blind) 주파수 옵셋 추정 방식을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 OFDM 통신에서 cyclic prefix (CP)를 이용하여 시간차가 있는 2개의 OFDM 신호 블록을 얻고 이를 이용하여 블라인드 주파수 옵셋 추정을 위한 비용함수를 정의한다. 제안된 방식에서 비용함수는 3개의 독립적인 주파수 옵셋 위치에서 비용함수 값들을 이용하여 폐쇄형(closed form)의 코사인 함수로 나타낼 수 있음을 보인다. 이 코사인 함수를 이용하면 전체 주파수 옵셋 범위에 대한 탐색 없이 최저 비용함수 값을 쉽게 계산할 수 있기 때문에 주파수 옵셋 추정이 효율적이다. 폐쇄형 코사인 함수로부터 구한 주파수 옵셋은 정확도가 해상도에 제한 받지 않기 때문에 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)이 증가할 수 록 추정 오차가 계속 줄거듦을 확인하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 방식은 기존의 오버샘플링(oversampling)기법이나 MUSIC 방식보다 평균제곱오차 (mean square error, MSE) 성능이 우수함을 보였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2015

본 연구는 혈액여과투석 환자의 치료이행을 측정할 수 있는 지표와 분류기준을 개발하고 치료이행 정도를 측정할 수 있는 전문가의 의견이 반영된 융합형 도구를 개발하고자 시도되었다. 총 300명의 혈액여과투석 환자를 대상으로 자료가 수집되었으며, 저유량 혈액투석, 고유량 혈액투석 치료이행과 불이행에 대한 선행연구 결과 및 전문가 그룹, 임상전문가 그룹의 구성타당도, 내용타당도를 거쳐 혈액여과투석 지표와 분류기준을 개발하였다. 개발된 혈액여과투석 치료이행 지표와 분류기준의 판별분석력을 정준상관판별분석으로 검증한 결과 3가지 지표의 혈액여과투석 치료이행 판별분석력은 95.6%(wilks ramda=.256, p=.002)이었다. 또한 임상형 혈액여과투석 치료이행 측정도구는 91.7%의 판별력을 가진 것으로 검증되었다. 혈액여과투석 치료이행은 환자의 건강상태 악화와 합병증 발생 전 단계에서 환자교육과 간호중재가 이루어질 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있으며 본 연구의 결과는 향후 혈액투석환자의 합병증 예방을 위한 간호중재의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2011

해양전자탐사의 모델링에서 1차장은 송수신 간격이 넓어지면 크게 감소하기 때문에 기존의 선형필터로서는 정확한 계산이 어려워진다. 그러나 균질 반무한공간의 경우 TM 모드의 Hankel 변환에는 해석해가 존재하므로 이를 이용하면 Hankel 변환의 계산을 위한 선형필터의 정확도를 검토할 수 있다. 그 결과 송수신 간격이 커짐에 따라서 전자기장이 반대수 그래프에서 선형적으로 감소하는 경우는 총 36가지 송수신 조합 중 9가지 뿐이며, 나머지 조합에서는 전자기장이 0 이거나 아니면 공기층의 영향을 받아 전자기장의 감소가 크지 않다. 다행히 이 9가지 조합에는 해석해가 존재하고, 나머지 조합에서는 전자기장의 극단적인 감소가 나타나지 않으므로 비교적 길이가 짧은 필터로도 Hankel 변환의 정확한 계산이 가능하다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 이 논문에서는 균질 반무한공간 모델에 대한 전자기장 계산법으로서 TM 모드의 Hankel 변환에는 해석해를 쓰고 TE 모드 계산에는 그 계수가 61개인 필터를 쓰는 방식을 제안한다.