• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.282-295
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• 2005

The processing of dietary lipids can be distinguished in several sequential steps, including their emulsification, hydrolysis and micellization, before they are absorbed by the enterocytes. Emulsification of lipids starts in the stomach and is mediated by physical forces and favoured by the partial lipolysis of the dietary lipids due to the activity of gastric lipase. The process of lipid digestion continues in the duodenum where pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) releases 50 to 70% of dietary fatty acids. Bile salts at low concentrations stimulate PTL activity, but higher concentrations inhibit PTL activity. Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase activity is regulated by colipase, that interacts with bile salts and PTL and can release bile salt mediated PTL inhibition. Without colipase, PTL is unable to hydrolyse fatty acids from dietary triacylglycerols, resulting in fat malabsorption with severe consequences on bioavailability of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, carboxyl ester lipase, a pancreatic enzyme that is bile salt-stimulated and displays wide substrate reactivities, is involved in lipid digestion. The products of lipolysis are removed from the water-oil interface by incorporation into mixed micelles that are formed spontaneously by the interaction of bile salts. Monoacylglycerols and phospholipids enhance the ability of bile salts to form mixed micelles. Formation of mixed micelles is necessary to move the non-polar lipids across the unstirred water layer adjacent to the mucosal cells, thereby facilitating absorption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.566-570
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• 2004

Cultivation conditions for overproduction of lovastatins were investigated from the lovastatin producing strain N-03 which was obtained with NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine) treatment from Aspergiliu ferrous ATCC 20542. Produced lactone and acid form of lovastatin were detected, and analyzed by HPLC method. In liquid culture, medium No. 2 containing soy protein produced higher amounts of the lovastatins than medium No. 1 (contained rapeseed oil). In solid culture, maximum production was obtained at 28$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days cultivation using cooked wheat bran. For the overproduction of lovastatin from this strain, solid culture method using plastic bag is more superior than liquid culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.778-781
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• 2002

Durability of rubber dust cover in the ball joint for automotive suspension parts were analyzed by FEM and compared with experimental data. Upper open area of ball joint is sealed by dust cover for preventing outflow of the lubricating oil and intrusion of send, dust, water, etc. This rubber cover undergoes repeated loadings such as tension and compression while the car is running. Analysis about rubber material needs to consider every kinds of nonlinearities arise in finite element analysis, which are geometric nonlinearity due to large displacement and small strain, materially nonlinearity and nonlinear boundary condition such as contact. So in the study, the deformation behavior of dust cover was analysed by using the commercial finite element program MARC. This program could solve these kinds of nonlinear analysis accurately. Finite element model of dust cover is considered as 3-dimensional half model based on 2-dimensional axisymmetric model. Material property of rubber was modeled by Ogden model and input data for calculation takes form uniaxial tension test of rubber specimen, The final object of the study is obtaining the design specification of dust covers and the result of analysis should be a useful data to design of rubber

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.284-284
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• 1996

Titrated Extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) is a poorly water-soluble extract from the Centella asiatica. Despite excellent wound preparation causes pain due to a low aqueous solubility and high hypertonicity and therefore, the patient's compliance of this drug is low. The objective of this study is to design a formulation of TECA with an improved therapeutic applicability via an adequate solubilization. A mixture of propylene glycol and ethoxylated hydrogenated caster oil achieved an acceptable solubilization of TECA (i.e. 10%) via a formulation of micelle. A preparation of extemporaneous TECA micelle was achieved by a dilution of the original micellar formulation with either water or saline. An estimated distribution of particle size was between 15.9 and 32.6 ㎜. The osmotic pressure of the formulation was found to be much lower than that found In a commercially available injectable (i.e. Madecassole). The erthrocytic hemolysis of micellar solution was lower than that with the conventional dosage form, consistent with the osmotic pressure data. Pain score after an injection of the micellar solution was assessed by the hind-paw writhing test using ICR mice and compared with that found with the conventional injectable. The data indicated that the injection of the micellar solution was a significantly less painful. These results indicated that a micellar solubilization, followed by an extemporaneous dilution, is a novel formulation of TECA with an improved therapeutic applicability.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aromatherapy massage in the elderly with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Participants were assigned randomly to an intervention (n=21) group and a control (n=21) group. In order to increase a lasting effect of aromatherapy massage, an essential oil used in the form of cream. Each participant had aromatherapy massage on lower legs for 20 minutes each time twice a week for four weeks. Numerical rating scale was used for self-report of pain intensity. Sleep disturbance was measured by Korean Sleep Scale consisting of 15 items. Stride length had been obtained by measuring the distance from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other foot. Results: There was a significant difference between the pain scores of the experimental group and that of control group after the aromatherapy massage (p=.001). Whereas, no significant differences between sleep scores of the two groups (p=.592) was found. The experimental group's stride length significantly increased than those of the control group (p=.009). Conclusion: Aromatherapy massage could be recommended as an effective intervention to decease pain and to increase stride length in the elderly with knee osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Floating structure such as tension leg platform, semi-submersible and spar are widely used in field of oil exploration and renewable energy system. All of these structures have the base cylinder support structure which have effective rule in overall dynamic of response. So the accurate and reliable modeling is needed for optimum design and understanding the physical background of these systems. The aim of this article is an analytical discussion on stochastic modeling of floating cylinder based support structure but an applicable one. Due to this a mathematical mass-damper-spring system of a floating cylinder of HAWAII WTG offshore wind as an applicable and innovative system is adopted to model a coupled degrees using random vibration in analytical way. A fully develop spectrum is adopted to solve the stochastic spectrum analytically by a proper approximation. Some acceptable assumption is adopted. The simplified but analytical and innovative hydrodynamic analysis of this study not only will help researcher to concentrate more physically on hydrodynamic analysis of floating structures but also can be useful for any quick, simplified and closed form analysis of a complicated problem in offshore engineering.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.114-119
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• 2007

Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of materials exposed to oilfield environment containing hydrogen sulfide $(H_{2}S)$ has been recognized as a materials failure problem. Laboratory data and field experience have demonstrated that extremely low concentration of $H_{2}S$ may be sufficient to lead to SSC failure of susceptible materials. In some cases, $(H_{2}S)$ can act synergistically with chlorides to produce corrosion and cracking failures. SSC is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in high strength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible materials. In the heat-affected zones adjacent to welds, there are often very narrow hard zones combined with regions of high residual stress that may become embrittled to such an extent by dissolved atomic hydrogen. On the base of understanding on sulfide stress cracking and its mechanism, SSC resistance for the several materials, those are ASTM A106 Gr B using in the oil industries, are evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1991

Among the conditions changes for the slip melting point of tempering temperature and time were studied. The results were treated below at $4^{\circ}C$, slip M.P. were not effected by tempering time. But slip M.P. of lard and palm oil had fallen treated at $10^{\circ}C$, the reason was that low melting triglycerides did not form the perfect crystals. Therefore, in order to measure the slip M.P. should be decrease the free energy and from stable crystallization of fats. Recommendable tempering temperature was treated at $4^{\circ}C$.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.453-472
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• 2016

As globalization is widely expanded in Islamic world as well as huge capital like oil-money is looking for new investment areas, our government should keep eyes on the current situation of Muslim market. This study will focus on the research of operation model of Islamic insurance. It will analysis on the institutional aspects of Islamic insurance(Takaful) system, which is a step further on the basis of these previous researches about Islamic finance. Takaful is conducted with various machanism such as Wakala, Mudarabah, Waqf. The mechanism can also be intermingled with one another to form other diverse contracts. However most of them are focused on basic conceptual elements of Islamic insurance system. As public interests in Islamic insurance are increasing these days, many Islam related literatures are issued accordingly. But most of them were focused on basic aspect of Islamic financial system or on the study of business management structure. The conceptual approach to evaluate the Islamic insurance market shall become the foundation of operation in conventional business law and regulation penetrate to the Islamic business environment. Therefore, the research of the operation model in Islamic insurance system as well as the search of trade engineering basis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 2013

In this paper, an air isolate (NITT6L) has been screened based on hemolytic activity, emulsification activity, drop collapsing test, and oil displacement test, as well as lipase activity. It was found that strain NITT6L was able to reduce the surface tension of the medium from 61.5 to 39.83 mN/m and could form stable emulsions with tested vegetable oils. Morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses, and fatty acid methyl ester analysis using gas chromatography confirmed that the air isolate under study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Characterization of the biosurfactant using agar double diffusion assay revealed that the biosurfactant was anionic in nature, and CTAB-methylene blue assay and Molisch test revealed its glycolipid nature. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed that the crude biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid. Using unoptimized medium containing sucrose as the carbon source, the isolate was found to produce 0.3 mg/ml of rhamnolipid in batch cultivation (shake flask) at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7. Optimization of the medium components was carried out using design of experiments and the yield of rhamnolipid has been enhanced to 4.6 mg/ml in 72 h of fermentation.