• 제목/요약/키워드: forestry income

검색결과 111건 처리시간 0.033초

임가의 소득불평등과 양극화 추이 (Trends on Income Inequality and Bi-polarization for Forest Household)

  • 김의경;정병헌;김동현
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제106권4호
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    • pp.497-508
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    • 2017
  • 이 연구는 임가의 소득불평등과 양극화의 추이를 살펴보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 소득불평등도는 지니계수와 엣킨슨 지수를 활용하여 분석하였으며 양극화는 DER 지수를 이용하였다. 그리고 이들 지수들은 임가소득과 함께 이것을 구성하는 하부소득인 임업소득, 겸업소득 그리고 이전소득으로 세분화하여 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 임가의 소득불평등도는 우리나라 전체 가구의 소득불평등도보다 상대적으로 높은 수준으로 분석되었다. 그리고 이전소득을 제외한 임가소득, 임업소득, 겸업소득에 있어서 소득 불평등은 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 추세는 양극화에서도 볼 수 있다.

소득원천별 지니계수 분해법을 이용한 임가의 소득불평등 분석 (Analysis of Forestry Household Income Inequality using Gini Coefficient Decomposition by Income Sources)

  • 김의경;김보경;김동현
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제108권3호
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    • pp.392-404
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    • 2019
  • 이 연구의 목적은 임가의 소득원이 소득불평등에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 2013년부터 2016년까지 임가경제조사 데이터를 이용하여 소득원천별 지니계수 분해법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 구체적으로는 임가의 소득불평등도 분석은 임가 전체와 5개의 소득분위 계층별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 분석결과를 보면 임가의 소득불평등에 주로 영향을 미치는 소득은 임업소득과 임업 외 소득으로 나타났으며, 분위별로는 최상위 소득계층의 소득불평등은 임업소득의 영향력이 다른 소득원에 비해 크게 나타난 반면, 그 외의 분위에 속하는 임가에서는 임업 외 소득의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 임가의 소득증대를 위해서는 최상위 계층을 제외한 다른 계층에서의 임업소득에 대한 비중을 증대시킬 필요가 있으며, 최하위 소득계층의 임업소득이 부채상태인 점을 감안할 때, 이를 개선시킬 수 있는 방안의 강구도 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 동시에 임가의 소득불평등을 개선하기 위해서는 임가소득이 증대될수록 임업소득의 불평등을 개선하기 위한 정책적 대안이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income: A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

  • Won, Hyun Kyu;Jeon, Hyon Sun;Han, Hee;Lee, Seung Jung;Jung, Byung Heon
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.355-360
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    • 2017
  • This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

Evaluation of Co-Management Impact in Protected Area: Field Experience from Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh

  • Sohel, Md. Shawkat Islam;Rana, Md. Parvez;Akhter, Sayma;Karim, Sheikh Md. Fazlul;Khan, Md. Mostafijur Rahman
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2009
  • Forests render both a home and a livelihood for people living in and around them. To reconcile the need of local communities with conservation, the Nishorgo Support Project (NSP or Nishorgo) is supporting co-management in five protected areas of Bangladesh, including Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary. The main focus of this study is to assess the effectiveness of alternate income generating activities (AIGAs) which is provided by the Nishorgo Support Project. It is a tool for reducing dependence on forest resources by people living in and around Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary and also play effective role in forest conservation. This study compares the socioeconomic condition (income, living style etc.) and forest dependency before and after implementation of co-management activities in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary. A total of 11 villages (sampling intensity was 31%) namely Kalibari, Mongoliabari, Chokidarbari, Chonbari, kalenga, Krishnochura, Hatimara, Himalia, Rashidpur, Goramchori and Horinmara were studied. We surveyed 272 households in these villages (Incase of households survey, sampling intensity was 100%). Data analysis shows that the major income generating livelihood activities were agro farming (30%), followed by fuelwood collection (22.50%), nursery raising (12.5%), cattle rearing (10%), fisheries (7.50%) and others. Study also reveals that after being implementation of the co-management activities the average income levels of the studied villages have rises on 578 Tk/households (1US$ = 70 Taka, Taka means Bangladeshi currency). Further more, many of the illegal loggers became forest protector, which make their life more secured. It was also found that peoples of the study villages are now actively engaging in forest management activities and it is the only hope for conservation and restoration of forest resources not only in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary but also in other protected area's of our country.

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우리나라 임가의 구조와 임업경영 - 2005년의 임업총조사와 임가경제조사 결과를 중심으로 - (Structure of Forestry Household and Forest Management in Korea - The Case of 2005 Forestry Census and the Economic Survey of Forestry Household -)

  • 김철상
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권6호
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    • pp.705-713
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구의 목적은 임업총조사 결과의 활용이라는 관점에서 2005년 임업총조사와 임가경제조사 결과를 중심으로 우리나라 임가 구조 및 임가 소득에 대한 구조를 파악하는 데 였다. 분석결과, 2005년 현재, 우리나라의 총 임가 수는 97,108가구였으며, 이 중 전업임가는 7,925가구(8.2%), 겸업임가 88,183가구(91.8%)로서 우리나라의 임가는 대부분 겸업인가인 것으로 나타났다. 임가의 평균 가구원수는 2.7명으로 농가인구와 비슷하였다. 임가 경영주의 연령은 60대가 32,628명 (33.6%)으로 가장 많았으며, 60세 이상인 경영주가 51,505명으로 전체의 53%를 차지하고 있었다. 임가 경영주의 임업종사기간은 6개월 이상이 39,229가구(40.4%)로 가장 많았으며, 1개월 미만은 7,216가구(7.4%)인 것으로 나타났다. 산림보유 임가의 산림보유 평균 면적은 4.6ha 이였으며, 업종별로는 벌목업 임가에서 19.5ha를 보유하여 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 2005년 임가의 가구당 평균 소득은 27,148천원이었으며, 이 중 임업소득은 6,529천원으로 임가소득의 24.1%를 차지하였다. 그리고 임가의 임산물 판매는 500만원 이하인 임가가 51,633가구로 전체 임가의 64%를 차지하고 있었다. 임가의 임업경영비는 가구당 평균 6,566천원이었다. 한편, 임가가 존재하는 마을 수는 우리나라 전체 36,041개 마을 중 32.8%를 차지하는 11,829개 마을이었으며, 행정구역 중 경상북도의 2,979개 마을에 임가가 존재하여 가장 많았다.

산업관련표(産業關聯表)에 의(依)한 임업구조분석(林業構造分析)과 유발생산액(誘發生産額) -임업(林業)이 한국경제(韓國經濟)에 미치는 영향(影響)- (Analysis of Forestry Structure and Induced Output Based on Input - output Table - Influences of Forestry Production on Korean Economy -)

  • 이승윤
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.4-14
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    • 1974
  • The total forest land area in Korea accounts for some 67 percent of the nation's land total. Its productivity, however, is very low. Consequently, forest production accounts for only about 2 percent of the gross national product and a minor proportion of no more than about 5 percent versus primary industry. In this case, however, only the direct income from forestry is taken into account, making no reference to the forestry output induced by other industrial sectors. The value added Or the induced forestry output in manufacturing the primary wood products into higher quality products, makes a larger contribution to the economy than direct contribution. So, this author has tried to analyze the structure of forestry and compute the repercussion effect and the induced output of primary forest products when utilized by other industries for their raw materials, Hsing the input-output table and attached tables for 1963 and 1966 issued by the Bank of Korea. 1. Analysis of forestry structure A. Changes in total output Durng the nine-year period, 1961-1969, the real gross national product in Korea increased 2.1 times, while that of primary industries went up about 1. 4 times. Forestry which was valued at 9,380 million won in 1961, was picked up about 2. 1 times to 20, 120 million won in 1969. The rate of the forestry income in the GNP, accordingly, was no more than 1.5 percent both in 1961 and 1962, whereas its rate in primary industries increased 3.5 to 5.4 percent. Such increase in forestry income is attributable to increased forest production and rise in timber prices. The rate of forestry income, nonetheless, was on the decrease on a gradual basis. B. Changes in input coefficient The input coefficient which indicates the inputs of the forest products into other sectors were up in general in 1966 over 1963. It is noted that the input coefficient indicating the amount of forest products supplied to such industries closely related with forestry as lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture, showed a downward trend for the period 1963-1966. On the other hand, the forest input into other sectors was generally on the increase. Meanwhile, the input coefficient representing the yolume of the forest products supplied to the forestry sector itself showed an upward tendency, which meant more and more decrease in input from other sectors. Generally speaking, in direct proportion to the higher input coefficient in any industrial sector, the reinput coefficient which denotes the use of its products by the same sector becomes higher and higher. C. Changes in ratio of intermediate input The intermediate input ratio showing the dependency on raw materials went up to 15.43 percent m 1966 from 11. 37 percent in 1963. The dependency of forestry on raw materials was no more than 15.43 percent, accounting for a high 83.57 percent of value added. If the intermediate input ratio increases in any given sector, the input coefficient which represents the fe-use of its products by the same sector becomes large. D. Changes in the ratio of intermediate demand The ratio of the intermediate demand represents the characteristics of the intermediary production in each industry, the intermediate demand ratio in forestry which accunted for 69.7 percent in 1963 went up to 75.2 percent in 1966. In other words, forestry is a remarkable industry in that there is characteristics of the intermediary production. E. Changes in import coefficient The import coefficient which denotes the relation between the production activities and imports, recorded at 4.4 percent in 1963, decreased to 2.4 percent in 1966. The ratio of import to total output is not so high. F. Changes in market composition of imported goods One of the major imported goods in the forestry sector is lumber. The import value increased by 60 percent to 667 million won in 1966 from 407 million won in 1963. The sales of imported forest products to two major outlets-lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture-increased to 343 million won and 31 million won in 1966 from 240million won and 30 million won in 1963 respectively. On the other hand, imported goods valued at 66 million won were sold to the paper products sector in 1963; however, no supply to this sector was recorded in 1963. Besides these major markets, primary industries such as the fishery, coal and agriculture sectors purchase materials from forestry. 2. Analysis of repercussion effect on production The repercussion effect of final demand in any given sector upon the expansion of the production of other sectors was analyzed, using the inverse matrix coefficient tables attached to the the I.O. Table. A. Changes in intra-sector transaction value of inverse matrix coefficient. The intra-sector transaction value of an inverse matrix coefficient represents the extent of an induced increase in the production of self-support products of the same sector, when it is generated directly and indirectly by one unit of final demand in any given sector. The intra-sector transaction value of the forestry sector rose from 1.04 in 1963 to 1, 11 in 1966. It may well be said, therefore, that forestry induces much more self-supporting products in the production of one unit of final demand for forest products. B. Changes in column total of inverse matrix coefficient It should be noted that the column total indicates the degree of effect of the output of the corresponding and related sectors generated by one unit of final demand in each sector. No changes in the column total of the forestry sector were recorded between the 1963 and 1966 figures, both being the same 1. 19. C. Changes in difference between column total and intra-sector transaction amount. The difference between the column total and intra-sector transaction amount by sector reveals the extent of effect of output of related industrial sector induced indirectly by one unit of final demand in corresponding sector. This change in forestry dropped remarkable to 0.08 in 1966 from 0.15 in 1963. Accordingly, the effect of inducement of indirect output of other forestry-related sectors has decreased; this is a really natural phenomenon, as compared with an increasing input coefficient generated by the re-use of forest products by the forestry sector. 3. Induced output of forestry A. Forest products, wood in particular, are supplied to other industries as their raw materials, increasng their value added. In this connection the primary dependency rate on forestry for 1963 and 1966 was compared, i. e., an increase or decrease in each sector, from 7.71 percent in 1963 to 11.91 percent in 1966 in agriculture, 10.32 to 6.11 in fishery, 16.24 to 19.90 in mining, 0.76 to 0.70 in the manufacturing sector and 2.79 to 4.77 percent in the construction sector. Generally speaking, on the average the dependency on forestry during the period 1963-1966 increased from 5.92 percent to 8.03 percent. Accordingly, it may easily be known that the primary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries increased from 16, 109 million won in 1963 to 48, 842 million won in 1966. B. The forest products are supplied to other industries as their raw materials. The products are processed further into higher quality products. thus indirectly increasing the value of the forest products. The ratio of the increased value added or the secondary dependency on forestry for 1963 and 1966 showed an increase or decrease, from 5.98 percent to 7.87 percent in agriculture, 9.06 to 5.74 in fishery, 13.56 to 15.81 in mining, 0.68 to 0.61 in the manufacturing sector and 2.71 to 4.54 in the construction sector. The average ratio in this connection increased from 4.69 percent to 5.60 percent. In the meantime, the secondary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries rose from 12,779 million Wall in 1963 to 34,084 million won in 1966. C. The dependency of tertiary industries on forestry showed very minor ratios of 0.46 percent and 0.04 percent in 1963 and 1966 respectively. The forestry output induced by tertiary industry also decreased from 685 million won to 123 million won during the same period. D. Generally speaking, the ratio of dependency on forestry increased from 17.68 percent in 1963 to 24.28 percent in 1966 in primary industries, from 4.69 percent to 5.70 percent in secondary industries, while, as mentioned above, the ratio in the case of tertiary industry decreased from 0.46 to 0.04 percent during the period 1963-66. The mining industry reveals the heaviest rate of dependency on forestry with 29.80 percent in 1963 and 35.71 percent in 1966. As it result, the direct forestry income, valued at 8,172 million won in 1963, shot up to 22,724 million won in 1966. Its composition ratio lo the national income rose from 1.9 percent in 1963 to 2.3 per cent in 1966. If the induced outcome is taken into account, the total forestry production which was estimated at 37,744 million won in 1963 picked up to 105,773 million won in 1966, about 4.5 times its direct income. It is further noted that the ratio of the gross forestry product to the gross national product. rose significantly from 8.8 percent in 1963 to 10.7 percent in 1966. E. In computing the above mentioned ratio not taken into consideration were such intangible, indirect effects as the drought and flood prevention, check of soil run-off, watershed and land conservation, improvement of the people's recreational and emotional living, and maintenance and increase in the national health and sanitation. F. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the forestry sector exercices an important effect upon the national economy and that the effect of induced forestry output is greater than its direct income.

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Forest income and inequality in Kampong Thom province, Cambodia: Gini decomposition analysis

  • Nhem, Sareth;Lee, Young Jin;Phin, Sopheap
    • Forest Science and Technology
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.192-203
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    • 2018
  • This study analyzed the distribution of forest income and other variable sources of rural household income and considered their importance for the reduction of income inequality and poverty. We employed Gini decomposition to measure the contribution of forest income and other sources of income to income equality and assess whether they were inequality-increasing or inequality-decreasing in the 14 villages. The forest income Gini correlation with total income was very high, $R_k=0.6960$, and the forest income share of total rural household income was 35% ($S_k=0.3570$). If the income earned from forest activities was removed, the Gini index would increase by 10.3%. Thus, if people could not access forest resources because of vast deforestation, perhaps from the limitations of government-managed forestry, unplanned clearing of forest land for agriculture or the granting of ELCs, there would be an increase in income inequality and poverty among rural households. The findings suggest that policy makers should look beyond agriculture for rural development, as forest resources provide meaningful subsistence income and perhaps contribute to both preventing and reducing poverty and inequality in rural communities. The study found that non-farm activities were inequality-increasing sources of income. The share of non-farm income to the total rural household income was $S_k=0.1290$ and the Gini index of non-farm income was very high, $G_k=0.8780$, compared with forest and farm income. This disagrees with other studies which have reported that non-farm income was inequality-decreasing for the rural poor.

산지양계복합경영의 비용구조와 경영성과 분석 (Analysis on Cost Structure and Management Performance of Poultry Farming in AgroForestry)

  • 원현규;김혜수;전현선
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제106권4호
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    • pp.473-479
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 유실수, 특용수, 산채 및 고로쇠 등을 주업으로 임업만 생산했을 경우와 자연순환농법으로 닭을 방사하여 키우는 산지양계와 결합한 복합경영일 경우의 조수입이 어느 정도 향상되었는지를 분석하였다. 연구대상지는 충청북도 충주시, 경상북도 경산시, 강원도 화천군에 위치하고 있는 3곳의 산지양계 복합경영 현장실연 임가이다. 그리고 현장 면담조사를 통해 2015년도 기준의 경영비와 조수입을 조사하여 산지양계의 비용구조와 경영성과를 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과, 충주는 조수입이 25,608,000원, 경영비가 20,217,571원으로 소득은 5,390,429원으로 분석되었고, 경산은 조수입이 33,950,000원, 경영비가 18,655,714원으로 소득은 15,494,286원인 것으로 나타났다. 화천은 조수입이 31,850,000원, 경영비가 13,143,000원으로 소득은 18,707,000원이었다. 그리고 판매량과 비용이 일치하는 손익분기 판매량은 충주는 617마리, 경산은 125마리, 화천은 63마리로 나타났다. 1마리당 가격에서 차지하는 원가율은 충주는 79%를 차지하였고, 경산은 55%, 화천은 41%를 차지하였고 이에 따른 마진율은 충주는 21%, 경산은 45%, 화천은 59%로 나타났다. 또한 산지양계복합경영의 소득효과는 조수입 기준으로 평가한 결과, 임업만 주업으로 할 때 보다 충주가 16%, 경산이 18% 그리고 화천이 11%로 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

주요 단기소득임산물(표고버섯, 밤, 떫은감)에 대한 소비 의향 분석: 소셜 빅데이터 분석을 이용하여 (Analysis on Consumer's Preference for Non-Timber Forest Product (Shiitake, Chest nut, Persimmon): Social Big-data Analysis)

  • 석현덕;최준영;변승연;민선형
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제108권1호
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    • pp.97-108
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    • 2019
  • 최근 단기소득임산물 생산량 증가에 따라 정부나 관련 기관에서 단기소득임산물에 대한 소비를 촉진하기 위한 다양한 노력을 하고 있다. 소비 촉진 노력의 일환으로 단기소득임산물에 대한 소비자 의향 연구가 진행되고 있지만 대부분의 연구는 설문조사에만 의존하는 상황이다. 정보화 시대에서 소비재에 대한 소비자 의향은 인터넷 확산에 따라 SNS에 크게 반영되고 있다. 기존 연구에서 설문에만 의존하는 것을 탈피하여 소비자의 의향이 직접 반영되어 있는 SNS를 직접 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 소셜 빅테이터 분석을 통해 주요 단기소득임산물에 대한 소비자 의향을 파악하였으며, 이 결과를 이용해 해당 단기소득임산물의 판매 촉진 전략을 수립하였다. 본 논문은 설문조사만을 이용한 기존의 단기임산물 관련 연구들과는 다르게 적은 비용으로 많은 표본들의 즉각적인 반응을 파악할 수 있는 SNS 빅데이터를 활용하여 소비자 의향을 파악하였다는 것에 차별성이 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 정부나 관련 기관의 단기소득임산물의 소비 촉진 정책에 직접적으로 도움이 되고 궁극적으로는 임가 소득 향상과 건강한 산림관리에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

Evaluation of Economic Damage Caused by Drought in Central Region Vietnam: A Case Study of Phu Yen Province

  • Truong, Dinh Duc;Tri, Doan Quang
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제54권6호
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    • pp.649-657
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    • 2021
  • This paper aims to study the impact of natural disasters on per capita income in Vietnam both the short and long-term, specifically impact loss of income caused by the extreme drought 2013 for agriculture, forestry and fishery in Phu Yen Province, Central Vietnam. The study valued economic damage by applying the synthetic control method (SCM), which is a statistical method to evaluate the effect of an intervention (e.g. natural disasters) in different case studies. It estimates what would have happened to the treatment group if it had not received the treatment by constructing a weighted combination of control units (e.g. control provinces). The results showed that the 2013 drought caused a decrease in income per capita, mainly in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sector in Phu Yen. The reduced income was estimated to be VND 160,000 (1 USD = 23,500 VND (2021)) for one person per month, accounting for 11% of total income per capita and continued to affect the income 6 years later. Therefore, authorities need to invest in preventive solutions such as early and accurate warnings to help people to be more proactive in disaster prevention.