• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2012

In this study, the beeswax extraction methods using organic solvents were examined to develop a optimal dewaxing technology for beeswax-treated Hanji. Thermally-aged beeswax-treated Hanji was dewaxed using four types of extraction methods including dipping, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic washing and shaking methods. Then, the aging stability of the dewaxed Hanji was evaluated in terms of variations in paper strength and in the color of the printed area with muk. The experimental results suggested that the dewaxing methods allowing solvent to flow during extraction showed superior extraction efficiency. The dipping method in which the organic solvent does not flow showed the slowest extraction rate of beeswax compared to three other methods. In terms of variations in tensile strength and folding endurance, however, no obvious differences in the aging stability were observed amongst these four extraction methods. Regarding the aging stability in terms of the color of the printed area with muk, Soxhlet extraction method showed the best performance of dewaxing.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

Curtain coating has been considered as the best coating technology because it is a coating technology that forms contour coating layer with better coverage. To increase the curtain stability surfactants are being used. In this study, the effect of a surfactant on the stability of curtain coating colors was examined by evaluating dynamic surface tension with a bubble surface tensiometer. Di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate was used as a surfactant since it showed low dynamic surface tension at low surface age. And we evaluated the influence of surfactant on coating color properties including surface tension, viscosity and curtain stability. The surface tension of coating color was decreased when surfactant addition was increased up to 0.5 pph, but it was leveled off at 0.3 pph of surfactant addition. With the increase of surfactant addition rate, viscosity of coating color were increased. Micelles formed by surfactant contributed to the increase of the viscosity. Curtain stability was improved with the addition of surfactant until it reached up to 0.5 pph. Excessive addition of surfactant (> 0.5 pph) didn't improve curtain stability. This was attributed to Marangoni effect(self-healing) and decreasing of curtain thickness.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2008

Recently, reckless exploitation of land resources without much consideration for the environmental value of the land has been witnessed to accommodate the ever-increasing demands for regional development. Fragmentation due to land development is a major reason for the declining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the relationship between the factors of land development and forest fragmentation in 13 watersheds of a metropolitan area and (2) to suggest a forest management plan through the relationship. We carried out a factor analysis to determine explanatory axes of forest fragmentation, and then conducted a correlation analysis between the factor scores and the factor of land development, such as the rate of built-up areas, road density, number of built-up patches, and area of housing developments. The first explanatory axis represented stability of landscape highly related with the rate of the built-up area and road density. The second axis represented the level of fragment highly related with a number of built-up patches. Forest fragmentation patterns of the 13 watersheds were classified for the similarity in forest fragmentation. This study presents the forest management plans including distribution and level of land development and forest conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2023

Densification is an effective method for improving the physical and mechanical properties of low-density wood. However, the set-recovery of dimensions was found to be the problem of densified wood due to low fixation during the densification process. Alkali pretreatment before densification is thought to be a modification process to improve the dimensional stability of densified wood. In this research, the wood samples used were boiled in a 1.25 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at different times, followed by densification for 5 h at 100℃. The alkali pretreatment for 1, 3, and 5 h of boiling increased the dimensional stability of densified woods and anti-swelling efficiency values were 8.52%, 63.24%, and 48.94%, respectively. The boiling of wood in NaOH solution decreased the holocellulose content, as well as lignin to a lesser degree, and a lower crystallinity index was observed. The lower hydroxyl groups and a higher proportion of lignin in treated samples seem to have contributed to the high dimensional stability detected.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.392-398
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• 2016

Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) composed of mainly wood flour and thermoplastics have attracted considerable attentions due to advantages of cost effectiveness, high durability, and microbial resistance. However, relatively poor fire resistance of WPCs from low thermal stability of wood and plastics prevents further uses. This study investigated the effect of expandable graphite (EG) and aluminium hydroxide (AH)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) on the properties of WPCs. The combined incorporation of both EG and metal hydroxide (i.e., AH or MH) into formulations leads to higher flexural modulus of filled composites compared to neat PP and WPC. In thermal properties, EG played an important role in improving thermal stability of filled composites by suppressing thermal decompositions of wood and PP. Moreover, EG showed better water absorption features. From this research, it can be said that EG and metal hydroxides have potentials as effective reinforcement, flame retardant, and moisture barrier.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2011

Thermal treatment techniques are used for modifying wood and wood-based materials to improve dimensional stability and hygroscopicity. This study investigated the effects of press pressure and temperature on density, vertical density profile, thickness swelling and surface hardness of eucalyptus wood boards. The experimental wood boards were prepared from Turkish River Gum ($Eucalyptus$ $camaldulensis$ Dehn.). The surface hardness value increased with increasing press pressure in the treated groups. The application of a higher pressure at the same temperature level increased the amount of swelling of wood. It means that it is not needed for application of higher pressure to enhance the dimensional stability of wood. It is expected that it is possible to produce increased hardness, dimensional stability and durability by application of hot pressing treatment. This research showed that different press pressure and temperature values should be used to improve the performance properties of eucalyptus wood so that the end-use of the wood materials could be expanded.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

이 연구는 김해시 상동면 매리 산사태지의 발생특성을 밝히기 위한 일련의 연구로 본보에서는 구조물의 안정해석을 실시하였다. 옹벽 및 석축의 외적 안정성 검토 결과, II-D단면을 제외하고는 모두 불안정한 것으로 산정되어 구조물에 대한 안정 대책이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 불안정한 옹벽은 보강하고 여기에 배수공을 추가로 설치하여 안정을 도모할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 아울러 이 지역의 석축 구조물은 사면활동에 저항하기 위하여 석축 상부의 사면을 완화하여 상부로부터의 하중을 감소시키는 방법이 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2013

이 연구는 '콘크리트 테스트 해머'를 이용하여 1990년대에 경기도와 강원도에서 시공된 사방댐 중 사방협회 에서 육안 점검한 사방댐 10기(양호 6기, 불량 4기)의 대수면, 방수로 및 반수면의 반발경도 측정을 통해 사방댐의 안정성을 파악하여 사방댐의 비파괴검사에 적합한 압축강도 추정식과 적정 판정범위를 정하는 것을 목적으로 진행하였다. 특히, 콘크리트 사방댐 본체의 안정성을 사전에 파악하게 되면 사방댐을 적시에 보수, 관리할 수 있고, 사방댐 본연의 기능인 토사유출방지기능을 최대화할 수 있다. 콘크리트 사방댐의 압축강도 조사한 결과, 현재 사방협회에서 진행 중인 안정점검 육안 점검 결과와 대부분 일치하였다. 또한, 안정점검시 압축강도는 일본건축학회에서 제시한 추정식을 적용하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단되었으며, 판정 기준은 300 $kgf/cm^2$ 이상일 경우에는 '안정', 250~300 $kgf/cm^2$이 범위일 경우에는 '정밀검사 필요', $kgf/cm^2$ 미만일 경우에는 '불량' 판정을 내리는 것이 적합하다고 사료된다. 그리고 사방댐의 연대별 압축강도에 대한 자료를 충분히 축적하고, 이를 토대로 우리나라 사방댐에 적합한 안정기준과 압축강도 추정식이 필요하다고 사료된다. 앞으로는 육안 점검과 간이 안정성 검사를 통해 사방 구조물에 이상이 발견될 경우 정밀진단 검사를 실시하여 안정도를 파악하는 체계가 구축되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

Lignocellulosic biomass has recalcitrant characteristics against chemical and biological conversion due to its structural heterogeneity and complexity. The pretreatment process to overcome these recalcitrant properties is essential, especially for the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. In recent years, pretreatment methods using ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as the green solvent has attracted great attention because of their advantages such as easy recovery, chemical stability, temperature stability, nonflammability, low vapor pressure, and wide liquids range. However, there are some limitations such as high viscosity, poor economical feasibility, etc. to be solved for practical use. This paper reviewed the research activities on the pretreatment effect of various ILs including DESs and their co-solvents with organic solvents on the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass and the nanocellulose preparation from the pretreated products.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.740-745
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 HPC (hydroxypropyl cellulose)와 TEMPO 산화된 셀룰로오스 나노섬유(Tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils, TOCN)가 보강된 복합필름을 제조하였다. 복합필름의 기계적, 열적 특성을 관찰하기 위해 인장강도 및 열중량 분석기(TGA)를 측정하였다. HPC/TOCN 복합필름에서 TOCN의 함량이 1 wt%에서 5 wt%까지 증가할수록 인장강도와 인장탄성계수는 직선적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 TGA 분석 결과, TOCN의 함량에 관계없이 HPC/TOCN 복합필름의 열 안정성은 거의 차이가 없었다.