• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.45-53
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• 2001

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.608-621
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• 1997

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2013

Iriai an Indigenous forest management system in Japan from the viewpoint of "common pool resources" was a success resilient institution and resulted with sustainable production system and environmental conservation. This study was conducted in Osawa of the Nagano prefecture through group discussions, field observations and an in-depth field survey. Osawa Property Ward Forest is managed under the concept very much similarly to traditional "Iriai". This study firstly examined the changes of collective forest management system in terms of awareness and interest in forest management; forest management activities; role of forest; and collection of forest products. Then it analyzed the current threats for collective forest management have been identified as: land abandonment due to loss of benefits and lack of active community participation; deterioration of forest environment particularly the micro-climate and aesthetic values; conflict with local government authorities restraining the use of money in property ward forest and conflict with outsiders on damping of the garbage. Community cantered forestry management rules; livelihood contribution; protection of environment; local initiatives for protection and economic activities are the prevailing opportunities for collective forest management. The main requirements for revitalization of collective forest management are explained as local reciprocity; imposition of community based forest rules; encouraging local innovations; and building partnerships with stakeholders. Collective forest management system addresses the limitations of conventional forestry models, which had invalidated traditional 'iriai' institutions, and key to restoring sustainable use of forest and environmental resources. Cross-institutional collaborations together with responsibilities of local communities would ensure the revitalization of forest resources.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2017

This study was performed to find out the optimum adhesive conditions on manufacturing a cross-laminated timber (hereinafter CLT) with using domestic Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis). The adhesive conditions including a applied amount of the glue and a Pressure are the one of the most important key factors on establishing CLT production process. The shear strength was examined with differing the adhesive conditions while using Phenol Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive (PRF resin). The optimum adhesive conditions was confirmed to be: glue spread of $250g/m^2$ and Pressure of 0.8 MPa respectively. The grain directions of glued specimens were also considered, perpendicularly bonded and parallelly bonded groups. Shear strength of the former group showed lower values than the latter group which is considered to be the effect of a rolling shear. Meanwhile the shear strength of both group satisfied the Korean Standard (KS F 3021) and the European Standard (EN 14080 and EN 16351). The results derived from this study can be used as the basic data for manufacturing the CLT with domestic Korean Pine. And additional researches for the other species including domestic Korean Larch and Pitch Pine is also now being performed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.780-790
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• 2020

In this study, the cell-wall microstructure and anti-swelling effectiveness (ASE) of heat-treated larch wood were evaluated and the correlation between them was analyzed. For this purpose, some larch lumbers were heat-treated for 12, 18, and 24 hours at temperatures of 190℃ and 220℃. By observing the scanning electron microscopy cross-sectional image of the heat-treated larch, it was confirmed that the shape of heat-treated wood cell changed, the cut-section of the wood cell wall was rough, and the intercellular space has become wide as the intercellular bonds had broken because of heat-treatment. In addition, the evaluation of the swelling for each treatment condition revealed that, as the heat-treatment temperature and duration increased, the amount of absorbed water and swelling decreased and the ASE increased. The decrease in the amount of absorbed water is thought to be affected by the chemical change in the cell wall by heat-treatment. On the contrary, the decrease in the swelling and the increase in the ASE are thought to be due to a combination of chemical changes and physical changes such as structural changes in the cell wall.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.847-860
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• 2020

This study was conducted into combustion characteristics and gases generated by the combustion of charcoal and agglomerated charcoal distributed in the domestic using a combustion chamber based on the average space per crater of a charcoal-grilled restaurant in South Korea. Each of the three types of charcoals and agglomerated wood charcoals was analyzed for fuel and combustion characteristics. In addition, the concentration changes of CO, CO₂, NO_x, and O₂ were measured for 20 minutes depending on ventilation. As a result, CO yield without ventilation was measured in the range of 1390 to 4703 ppm, and CO yield with ventilation decreases about 29.8% to 57.4%. CO₂ yield without ventilation was measured in the range of 1.34% to 2.42%, and CO₂ yield was about 44.1% to 53.6% when the emission was more than about 1.5% at 10 minutes. The NOx yield was divided into two cases where the NO_x yield was continuously increased because of incomplete combustion, emitted ranging from 29 ppm to 47 ppm, and where emission was constant after 1 minute in the range of 9 ppm to 18 ppm. The NO_x yield with ventilation tends to be similar to the without ventilation, and NO_x yield decreases up to 62.5%. Therefore, it could be used for health risk assessment with the simulation of the usage environment of charcoal and agglomerated wood charcoal.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.358-373
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• 2013

In this study, both mild acid and alkali treatments with 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt% of $H_2SO_4$ and NaOH solution were applied to evaluate the effects on chemical compositions of wood biomass. Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and larch (Larix kaempferi C.) were chosen due to major species planted in Korea. Chemical treatments of biomass were carried out by being soaked in either acid or alkali solution with 1:20 ratio for 72 hours at ambient temperature. Afterward, lignin, 5 major reduced sugars, ash contents and elemental composition were determined. To statistically understand the relationship between samples and chemical treatments, the Tukey test, simple linear regression model and ANOVA analysis were introduced using a statistical software R. As results from both wet chemistry and statistical analysis, yellow poplar was more affected on the lignin and xylose contents by acid treatments under these experimental conditions. Meanwhile, larch was more affected on the composition of galactose and lignin by alkali treatments. A series of results in this study would show that equivalent chemical treatment makes a change the chemical composition of each species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.740-746
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• 2014

The unripe fruit of cudrania tricuspidata was extracted with 50% ethanol. The crude water-soluble extracts were separated by liquid-liquid separation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol followed by precipitation with ethanol, and then the water-soluble polysaccharide (F1) was isolated by the fractionation through gel permeation chromatography using preparative PLaquagel-OH column with water. The structure was characterized by monosaccharide composition with HPAEC-PAD, methylation analysis with GC-MS, FT-IR and HPLC. According to the data, F1 was com posed of glucose (22.84 mM), galactose (13.75 mM), arabinose (45.87 mM), xylose (7.49 mM). It was revealed which uronic acid and acetyl group were not attached in F1. And it is constituted of 1-linked arabinose, 1,4-linked arabinose, 1,3-linked glucose, 1,4-linked galactose, 1,4-linked glucose, 1,3,6-linked galactose, 1,3,6-linked glucose and the ratio was showed 1.1 : 1.0 : 4.9 : 7.5 : 3.0 : 3.1 : 1.4 : 1.5.