• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.112 no.3
• /
• pp.303-321
• /
• 2023

To develop the Forest Work Load Index (FWLI) for estimating the work intensity of forest workers, a study focused on forest tending was conducted. To estimate the FWLI, we used the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and the Work Load Index (WLI). The OWAS is a prominent method used for analyzing musculoskeletal load in work tasks, and WLI is a prominent method used for analyzing the work intensity of workers. The PRI values analyzed for each forest tending project were 185.3 (Thinning), 150.6 (Pruning), 181.1 (Thinning for Forest Fire Prevention), and 197.0 (Thinning for Young Trees). The WLI values, calculated on the basis of the measured heart rates, were 59.5% (Thinning), 53.5% (Pruning), 56.2% (Thinning for Forest Fire Prevention), and 62.3% (Thinning for Young Trees). The FWLI was calculated using the analyzed PRI and WLI values. The FWLI values for the forest tending project were 110.2 (Thinning), 80.7 (Pruning), 102.1 (Thinning for Forest Fire Prevention), and 123.0 (Thinning for Young Trees). The FWLI developed in this study can be used to quantitatively compare the workloads of forest workers. In the future, the analyzed FWLI can be used as a basis for improving forest workers' postures and comparing workloads across different forest projects.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2009

Forest biomass can be used as various types of raw materials such as pulp, wood pellets, solid charcoals and so on. This paper estimates the nation wide amount of forest biomass based on the projection of forest areas for its effective and economic use. Several trend equations are used in projecting the forest areas. In 2009, the forest biomass arising from thinning is estimated be 6,591,575 $m^3$. The estimates of forest biomass in 2015 and 2018 are 6,375,627 $m^3$ and 6,284,779 $m^3$, respectively. Since the forest areas are projected to be declining, the biomass generated by thinning will decrease. This implies that the new alternatives for supplying raw materials for biofuels must be prepared before then.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.23 no.4_2
• /
• pp.593-601
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the physical strain with heart rate monitor in timber harvesting operations in order to reduce occupational accidents. The timber harvesting activities are manual cutting(felling, limbing and bucking) with a chainsaw and extraction by cable yarder. The study took place on Japanese larch stand. The average height was 26m and average diameter at breast height(DBH) was 3 7cm. The havest unit was gentle slope to steep slope. Results showed that the heart rate increases for chocking, felling, limbing and bucking were 94.0%, 87.9%, 84.8% and 56.4% respectively. The rate of Work Load Index was higher in the limbing(61.4%) activity than other activities chocking(55.2%), felling(54.1%) and bucking(32.1%). During 50% working heart rate test it was found that limbing(1.09), chocking(1.05) and felling(1.04) was exposed to high work intensity compared to bucking(0.83). The results showed that maximum acceptable work times(felling, chocking and limbing) were 2.30 hour, 1.85 hour and 1.60 hour respectively. To avoid occupational accidents, timber harvest workers may use a suitable working hour schedule to felling, chocking, limbing.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2013

Nowadays, excessive using of fossil fuel contributes to global warming. Also, this phenomenon increases steadily. Therefore forest biomass from logging residues has received attention. The goal of this study was to determine the sustainability and economic feasibility of forest-biomass energy source. Accordingly, forest biomass resource was calculated, and harvesting and transporting machines which can be used in investing area were chosen, when using forest biomass as energy source. And then through these data, the harvesting cost was decided. The forest biomass resource calculated, thinned trees and logging residues, was 37,330.23 $m^3$ and 14,073.60 ton, respectively. When harvesting timber in each sub-compartment, the average thinned trees yield was 120.73 $m^3$, and tree logging residues was 402.80 ton. The use of tower yarder as harvesting and transporting equipments in study area was 85.4% and 66.7%, respectively, in up hill and down hill yarding. The average harvesting cost of biomass in the possibility area of timber yarding operation was expensive as 81,757 won/$m^3$, 85,434 won/m3 and 50,003 won/ton, respectively, in thinned trees and logging residue. If using data from this research analysis, tree could be felled by choosing sub-compartment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.4
• /
• pp.672-680
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study has been carried to develop a criterion for the selection of evaluation factors on Forest Carbon Cycle Community(F.C.C.C) based on the result of survey of 96 participants who were operation managers on mountain eco village(31), relevant experts(33), and officers of local government(32). For analysis of the results of survey, DHP(Delphi Hierarchy Process) method was used which is a combination of Delphi method and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The key factors on selection of a suitable area to launch F.C.C.C. project of Korea Forest Service was selected under three hierarchical classes. Class 1 comprises 3 indices(Physical resource index, Human resource index, Vision index), and Class 2 which contains 10 indices (Existing resource, Surroundings resource, Forest biomass resource, Humanities Social quality, Local resident participation, Leader's ability, External support, Planning of operation, Capability of operation, and Effect of operation). Class 3 is sub-level class of class which possess 38 indices. From the results of analysis, Consistency Index(C.I) of each index in the 3 classes was used as evaluation factor. In Class 1, index 'human resources' showed highest Consistency Index(0.454). In Class 2, index 'forest biomass resources' was the highest Consistency Index(0.376) in 'physical resources' of Class 1, index 'leader's ability' was the highest Consistency Index(0.326) in 'human resources' of Class 1, and index 'planning of operation' was the highest Consistency Index(0.346) in 'vision' of Class 1. In Class 3, relative importance of 38 index including 'Joint ownership land security(C.I.-0.266)' was evaluated. Based on the result of this study, a criterion for the selection of evaluation factors for F.C.C.C was developed and the evaluation criterion is expected to be use to select of a suitable area to launch F.C.C.C. project since 2011.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2002

In this paper forest fire statistical information management system is constructed on web environment using web based GIS(Geographic Information System) technology. Though this system, general users can easily access forest fire statistical information and obtain them in visual method such as maps, graphs, and text if they have web browsers. Moreover, officials related to forest fire can easily control and manage all information in domestic by accessing input interface, retrieval interface, and out interface. In order to implement this system, IIS 5.0 of Microsoft is used as web server and Oracle 8i and ASP(Active Server Page) are used for database construction and dynamic web page operation, respectively. Also, Arc IMS of ESRI is used to serve map data using Java and HTML as system development language. Through this system, general users can obtain the whole information related to forest fire visually in real time also recognize forest fire prevention. In addition, Forest officials can manage the domestic forest resource and control forest fire dangerous area efficiently and scientifically by analyzing and retrieving huge forest data through this system. So, they can save their manpower, time and cost to collect and manage data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.4
• /
• pp.630-638
• /
• 2014

This paper explores the economic spillover effects of forest therapy projects of Korea Forest Service, using the 2011 Input-Output Tables of Bank of Korea. We consider total expenditures on the construction of 20 forest therapy bases and Baekdudaegan Forest Therapy Base, and operation of 3 forest therapy bases. During the 8 years of 2010-2017, we find that these forest therapy projects generate 698 billion wons of production, 456 billion wons of value-added, and 8,176 new jobs.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2011

Forest in the our country is in the age that needs positive operation in order to foster economical forest. Multiple operations for making valuable forest should be conducted steadily and timely from afforestation to harvesting. In order to execute these kinds of forest operations, the construction of skid trail network that can be effectively used as a pathway for forestry machine and working space is necessary. To investigate facility effect of skid trail network, we executed the location of skid trail network through centroid method by GIS for 50ha of harvesting workplace in mechanized model forest located in Hongcheon, Gangwon Province. As a result of this research, skid trail density in this area changed from 79m/ha with current method to 42m/ha with improved method. It appeared that skid trail density with improved method is nearly half of current method even though the cutting area is the same as the current cutting area. Also, skidding distance changed from 117m with current method to 57m with improved method. It appears that skidding distance with improved method is nearly half of current method even though cutting area was enlarged in adjacent tending cutting area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.108 no.2
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the schools and local governments were aware of the creation and operation of school forests. A survey was conducted of 45 teachers of schools selected as having the best practices in the school forest and 153 local government officials within the district where the school forests were built. The school teachers attributed the necessity to create school forests to the importance of beautifying the environment. The results showed that the area in which the school forest was created, the school environment after the school forest was created, and use of the school forest were generally satisfactory, but maintenance of the school forest was not somewhat unsatisfactory. Additionally, the results indicated that continuous maintenance was necessary for the effective use of the school forest, and there was a great need for professional personnel to conduct the maintenance program. Furthermore, local government officials recognized that beautification of the school environment was the best effect of creating the school forests. They also realized a great need for local government's support of a maintenance program and its cooperation with related ministries and agencies to create and operate the school forest. Thus, it is crucial to devise measures for maintenance and to establish a system by which schools and local governments can work closely to promote the creation and operation of these school forests.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2000

Calibrations of fast-response krypton hygrometers were carried out using a dew-point hygrometer to investigate the changes in their absorption coefficients due to long-term field operation. Absorption coefficients changed proportionally with the number of hours of field operation. The increase in absorption coefficient indicates that the water vapor flux, calculated with the original absorption coefficient, would underestimate the true flux in the field. To minimize the uncertainty in quantifying evapotranspiration and surface energy budget studies, frequent calibrations (for example, every 1500 hours of field operation) of krypton hygrometer are recommended.