• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.235-246
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• 2013

Age estimations by forensic odontology play a great role in personal identification. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of age estimation cases in Korea. Surveying clients who requested age estimation at the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from March 2012 to March 2013. The results were as follows: 1. On gender distribution, females(57.14%) were more than males(42.86%). The elderly with 50's and over 60's were majorities(89.28%) of clients, and no clients were below 40's. Most of clients were equal to and lower than elementary school graduate(69.64%). 2. The most frequent reason for age discrepancy between registered age and alleged age was mistakes by family or relatives(80.36%). The purposes of age estimation were welfare(62.50%), social relationship problem(12.50%), to find right age(10.71%), and occupation(8.93%). 3. In order of route to visit at Department of Oral Medicine, they were via government office(48.21%), acquaintances(21.43%), mass media(14.29%), and clinic(10.71%). Clients had high degree of comprehension on age estimation with forensic odontology (scored 7.03 out of 10). The 2/3 of clients were satisfied with present fee for age estimation. 4. The percentage on the proximity of estimated age to alleged age was 69.81%. 4(11.43%) clients were approved on age correction by court.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2024

Human dentition is unique to individuals and helps in identification of individuals in forensic odontology. This study proposes to study the manually ground sections of single rooted teeth using digital methods for dental age estimation. To assess the dentinal translucency from the scanned digital images of manually ground section of teeth using commercially available image edition software. Corroborating the root dentinal translucency length and region of interest (ROI) of translucency zone in pixels (as a marker of dental age) with the chronological age of the subject, as stratified by different age groups. Twenty single-rooted extracted teeth from 20 patients each from 6 groups divided as per age. Manual sectioning of the teeth followed by scanning the sections was done. Root area in pixels and ROI of translucency zone were measured. From the observed values, translucency length percentage (TLP) and percentage of ROI in pixels (TPP) was calculated and tabulated. Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained for age with TLP and TPP. Positive correlation existed between age and TLP and also between age and TPP. With the obtained data, multilinear regression equations for specific age groups based on 10-year intervals were derived. By a step-down analysis method, age was estimated with an average error of around ±7.9 years. This study gives a novel method for age-estimation that can be applied in real-time forensic sciences.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.497-513
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• 1995

Human genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was extracted from teeth by boiling, salting-out, phenol, boiling-phenol methods. The author compared DNA concentration and its purity, the accuracy of sex determination and the results of the D1S80 locus detection among above 4 methods. The following results were obtained : 1. DNA concentration was the highest in pulp with salting-out method and DNA purity was higher in pulp with salting-out and phenol methods than other 2 methods. 2. Sex determination was possible using of the pulp and the dentin of the teeth with four methods but, it was impossible in the enamel and some pulp with boiling method. 3. Amplification of D1S80 locus occurred from pulp and dentin with salting-out, phenol, and boiling-phenol methods. 4. There are no differences among the amplification of X-Y homologus amelogenin gene by application of 4 methods and salting-out, phenol methods efficiently makes available to amplification of D1S80 locus. From the investigation DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus was successfully accomplished with salting-out, phenol, boiling-phenol methods Therefore above 3 methods are available and applicable as forensic odontology for individual identification.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1988

The author studied the vertical height of tooth crown and the amounts of alveolar bone resorption with age. All 84 subjects(44 male, 40female) who visited Dental hospital of Wonkwang University with no history of sever periodontal disease and no experience of periodontal surgery. 84 subject were divided into 3 groups by age, that is, group I(28-32yrs), group II(38-42yrs), and group III(48-52yrs). Informal radiogram with bite wing film(horizontal angulation : $0^{\circ}$, vertical angulation : $+5^{\circ}~+10^{\circ}$) were taken on premolar and molar area. The distances from cusp tip to cementoenamel junction (vertical height of tooth crown) and from cementoenamel junction alveolar crest(amount of alveolar bone resorption) were measured, and then recorded data from 946 teeth were statistically analysed. This study was undertaken to obtain the data for age estimation by the changes of tooth crown height and alveolar bone resorption in the point of forensic odontology. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The average crown height of mandibular right 1st. molar was 7.1mm in group I, 6.7mm in group II, and 6.6mm group III, and the average amount of alveolar bone resorption on mandibular right 1st. molar were 1.8mm in group I, 2.5mm in group II, and 3.0mm in group III. Ratio of tooth crown height to amount of alveolar bone resorption was 4.0:1 in groupI, 2.7:1 in group II, and 2.2:1 in group III, the ratio was decreased with age. 2. In comparison with upper teeth and lower teeth in ipsilateral side, the average value of tooth crown height and amount of alveolar bone resorption were slightly higher in upper arch than those in lower arch, but there was not a statistically significant difference. 3. The ratio of height of tooth crown to amount of alveolar bone resorption was decreased with age, and which depended mainly upon the change of amount of alveolar bone resorption rather than the change of tooth crown height.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.121-136
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to obtain the data for age determination following the calcification degree of the second molar, third molar in the point of forensic odontology. The intraoral panoramic radiograph of 1600 male and 1600 female (100 persons each age) ranging from 7 to 2 years of age were studied. The developmental state of the second molar and third molar were divided into 12 stages following the calcification degree and correlations of second molar developmental stage and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. There was remarkable correlation between the development of the second molar, the third molar and age. 2. There was no significant developmental differences between the right and left second molar, third molar.(p>0.05) 3. The developmental stages of the lower second molar was more advanced than those of upper second molar. (p<0.05) 4. The developmental stages of upper third molar was more advanced than those of lower third molar. (p<0.05) 5. Both the developmental stages of second, third molars were earlier in the female than in the male. (p<0.001) 6. For the purpose of age estimation according to developmental stages of the second, third molar, linear equations are as follows. (p<0.001) second molar : male upper : Y=1.3927X + 0.2213 (r=0.72) lower : Y=1.4132X + 0.0012 (r=0.78) female upper : Y=1.4914X + 0.2151 (r=0.73) lower : Y=1.5429X - 0.0911 (r=0.78)

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2020

Purpose: In India, the age of 14 years is the legal age threshold for child labour. Therefore, in suspected instances of child labour, age assessment plays a crucial role in determining whether a violation of the law on the employment of children has occurred. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the discriminatory ability of stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) in predicting the legal age threshold of 14 years. Materials and Methods: Routinely taken lateral cephalograms from 408 subjects aged 10 to 18 years were evaluated retrospectively using the CVM stages described by Baccetti et al. Descriptive statistics, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for stages 2, 3, and 4 of CVM. Results: Real age increased as the CVM stage gradually increased. The results of 2×2 contingency tables showed that CVM stage 4 produced an accuracy of 71% and 73%, a false positive rate of 7% and 18%, and a post-test probability of 59% and 68% for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the stages of CVM are of limited use for predicting the attainment of the legal age threshold of 14 years. Future studies should investigate whether combinations of skeletal and dental methods could achieve better accuracy and post-test probability.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to obtain the data age determination following the eruption of individual cusps of the first molars in the point of forensic odontology. 532 children (294 male and 238 female, born between April, 1989 and March, 1986) from a kindergarten and a primary school in a reesidential district in Seoul were studied. The eruption state of the first molar was divides into 6 stages according to the degree of exposure of individual cusps, and correlation between the stage and age was stastically analysed. The results of the study lead to following conclusions : 1. The most frequently seen eruption sequence of cusps for the upper first molar was mesibuccal cusp, mesiopalatal cusp, distobuccal cusp, mesiodistal cusp, distopalatal cusp. As for the lower first molar : mesiobuccal cusp, mcsiolingual cusp, distobuccal cusp, distolingual cusp. 2. The time of eruption was earlier in the female ethan in the male, but it was stastically remarkable only in upper and lower parts of the right and the left teeth of subjects age between 6.0 and 6.5 and upper part of the right and the left teeth of subjects age over 7.5 3. The eruption of the lower first molar was comparatively earlier than that of the upper first molar and there was no significant stastical difference between the right and the left first molars in the time of eruption. 4. There was no noticeable difference in the eruption sequence of cusps, irrespective of sex and side. 5. The eruption of the upper first molar is started at the age of about 6.4 and complete the age of about 7.1 and as for the lower first molar, it is from 6.3 to 7.0

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to develop PCR primers for the identification and detection of Streptococcus mutans (by)using species-specific forward and universal reverse primers. These primers targeted the variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA coding gene (rDNA). The primer specificity was tested against 11S. mutans strains and 10 different species (22 strains) of oral bacteria. The primer sensitivity was determined by testing serial dilutions of the purified genomic DNA of S. mutans ATCC $25175^T$. The data showed that species-specific amplicons were obtained from all the S. mutans strains tested, which was not observed in the other species. The direct and nested PCR could detect as little as 2 pg and 2 fg of the chromosomal DNA from S. mutans ATCC $25175^T$, respectively. This shows that the PCR primers are highly sensitive and applicable to the detection and identification of S. mutans.