• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2018

Cultivation of high-quality forage crop by using fallow field during winter is required for national high feed self-sufficiency and establishment of self-supply system of high-quality forage crop. Field experiments for cultivation of high-quality winter forage crop were conducted at the paddy and upland fields in Cheonan and Anseong city with treatments of single Italian ryegrass(IRG) and IRG mixed with forage barley at the paddy field and of single forage barley and forage barley mixed with IRG at the upland field in the Mid-west plain. Several cultivation conditions such as broadcasting IRG seed under standing rice, sowing time, tillage method, drainage condition, mixed sowing with forage barley were compared to know the change of growth, yield and quality of winter forage crop. In particular, over-wintering rate and dry matter yield were decreased significantly in late-sown IRG and moisture-stressed forage barley. Yield and quality of forage crops were increased by sowing after tillage, mixed sowing of IRG with barley at the paddy field with good drainage. High yield as much as dry matter $10MT\;ha^{-1}$ with high feed value could be obtained by early sowing of feed barley mixed with IRG at the upland field. Cultivation conditions such as early sowing, sowing after tillage, drainage management are required for higher dry matter yield, quality and stable cultivation of winter forage crops in the mid-west plain of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yields and fled values of winter forage crops using too cultivars of Barley, Rye md Italia ryegrass at the Dae-Ho reclaimed tideland, Korea from 2002 to 2004 2rowing season. Soil salt contents of three forage crops showed highest at sowing time, respectively and after wintering continuously lowed till harvest time. The dry matter yield was 6,668.8, 4,455.6 md 2,591.2 kg / ha, respectively, for Italian ryegrass, Barley and Rye. The highest Crude protein(CP) content was recorded in Italian ryegrass. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were lowed in row with Barley, Italian ryegrass and Rye. Sodium contents in plant tissue were recorded high in line with Barley, Italian ryegrass and Rye. results mentions above suggest Italian ryegrass is suitable winter forage crops for cultivation on reclaimed tideland in view of the good emergence, forage production and its feed value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2013

We examined the use of basic forage data and indicators of forage productivity in different regions of Korea. The productivity of winter forage crops was evaluated from mid to late May 2012 by directly collecting information from farmhouses. A survey of winter forage crop productivity was conducted with 66 farmers in 16 regions; including, Italian ryegrass (IRG) from 22 farmers in 11 regions, whole crop barley from 21 farmers in eight regions, rye from 11 farmers in five regions, and IRG mixed with whole crop barley from 12 farmers in six regions. The results indicated that the Konju region exhibited higher yields of dry matter (DM) forage (15,128 kg/ha) and that the Dangjin region (reclaimed land) showed the lowest (3,885 kg/ha). The average yield of DM forage was 9,418 kg/ha. Yields of whole crop barley and IRG mixed with whole crop barley were comparatively higher than those of rye and IRG. We conclude that overall forage productivity was influenced by farmer's cultivation ability rather than the forage cultivation environment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at paddy field of National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon to investigate the select the promising double cropping system on growth, yield and nutritive value of summer forage(silage corn, sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, japanese millet, jobs tear, rice) and winter forage(rye, barley, Italian ryegass) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total forage yield of winter forages plus summer forage crops. Among agronomic characteristics, lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the summer forage crop including silage corn, jobs tear and rice compared to other forage crops. And lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the winter forage crop including barley compared to rye and Italian ryegrass. The highest dry matter yield of 27,766 kg/ha, 27,296 kg/ha and 25,365 kg/ha obtained from an whole crop barley+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, rye+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid and Italian ryegrass+sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid double cropping sequence in combination among the fifteen cropping systems((P<0.05). And dry matter yield of barley+silage corn and rye+silage com were 23,766 and 23,572 kg/ha.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1416-1424
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• 2008

The objective of this research was to study the production and quality of forage at three different times of the year (April, June and July) of six winter cereals in the southern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. The cereals studied were Triticale (xTriticosecale wittm) cv. "Tritano", Oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. "Prevision" and cv. "Saia; Rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. "Giganton", Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. "Cameo" and cv. "Albacete". The study was carried out in three different locations and over three successive years of harvesting. The three variables considered were location, year and cereal. The % dry matter (DM), % crude protein (CP), % acid detergent fiber (ADF), % neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and % ash content were determined for the three sampling periods and the quality was calculated in milk forage units (MFU/kg DM), the production in kg DM/ha, MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. In all three sampling periods the quality of the cereals was significantly influenced only by the year and by species. However, for production of dry matter (kg DM/ha), milk forage units (MFU/ha) and gross protein (kg CP/ha) all three variables were of significant influence as were their interactions. In the April sampling, the species which showed a significantly higher production ($p{\leq}0.05$) was rye (1,693 kg DM/ha), which, along with its forage quality (16.56% CP, 0.886 MFU/kg DM) meant that the same occurred in MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. Significant differences between species were also found for the June sampling. The most productive cereal was again rye with 2,656 kg DM/ha, although its sharp fall in forage quality meant that barley cv Albacete (2,513 kg DM/ha) returned the highest production in forage units (1,934 vs. 1,951 MFU/ha) and barley cv. Cameo (2,413 kg DM/ha) in gross protein production (242 vs. 264 kg CP/ha). The significantly highest cereal production for July was barley cv. Albacete (4,923 kg DM/ha, 9.11% CP 0.722 MFU/kg DM). As a consequence of the results, we conclude that from the viewpoint of nutritional quality and production, rye is the most suitable for use in early spring in whatever year and location. However, barley cv. "Albacete" is the most appropriate for utilisation in later spring or early summer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

This study was to optimize the harvest time of several winter cereal forage crops. Barley, rye, oat, triticale and wheat were evaluated for the quantity and quality of hay and silage at four different harvesting stages, including heading, 10 days after heading (DAH), 20 DAH and 30 DAH. Barley and wheat harvested at 20 DAH, and oat and triticale at 30 DAH showed maximum dry matter yield. Crude protein content of barley, wheat, triticale and oat decreased significantly with advancing crop maturity. Mean crude protein content was the highest in rye and the lowest in oat. The NDF and ADF content of barley, wheat, triticale and oat decreased with late harvest, while rye increased. Maximum total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was recorded in barley and wheat harvested at 20 DAH, in triticale and oat at 30 DAH, and in rye at heading. The maximum TDN content of silage, 66.98%, was recorded in barley, followed by wheat, triticale, oat and rye. However, The crude protein, NDF and ADF of silage was 1 to 4 times higher than those of hay. In this study, barley harvested at 20-25 DAH, wheat and triticale at 30 DAH, and rye at heading provided a good compromise between dry matter yield and forage quality. At this stage, a sufficient quantity of fodder with moderate forage quality was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2013

In this study, a yogurt containing skim milk powder and whole barley flour was fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and its quality and properties were estimated. The yogurts with 1% and 3% barley flour had lower pH values, higher titratable acidity, and higher Brix values than the control. In addition, the viable cell counts were lower and viscosity was higher. The value of L was low, and the values of a and b were high. The yogurt with 3% barley flour had more lactic acid than the control and showed a substantial increase in the amount of acetic acid. ${\beta}$-Glucan content and antioxidant activity increased with the amount of barley flour added. In sensory evaluation, there was a similar preference for the yogurt with 3% barley flour and the control, and as the barley flour content increased, the preference decreased. Moreover, the preference for the yogurt was higher among old people.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

To establish the dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage by clipping before overwintering and grain next year, an experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of clipping times and cultivars haying different winter habits in rice-barley cropping system at paddy field in southern Korea. Barley showed more forage yield by clipping once only on December 10 than that of twice-clipping on November 10 and December 10. Among experimented cultivars, Saegangbori (winter habit II) and Keunalbori (winter habit IV) produced higher forage yield in one time clipping than the others. On the contrary, higher total digestive nutrients(TDN) was gained from twice-cut plants. Barley clipped once or twice headed and matured without serious delay as compared to the conventionally sown barley. In spite of clipping in November and/or December, barley produced grain yield similar to that of the conventional. Conclusively, it was regarded that cultivars having II-III winter habit were suitable for dual-purpose barley cultivation for forage in winter season and grain harvest next year.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-158
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• 2006

This study was carried out to find out the effect of seed date and rate on the agronomic characteristics and yield of forage barley in paddy field of Suwon, from 2001 to 2003. The main plots were consisted of different seeding dates such as 5th and 20th October and 5th November. The subplots were consisted of different seeding rates of barley such as 160, 190 and 220 kg/ha. Plant height was increased at the early seeding. Dry matter(DM) percentage of barley was decreased as the seeding date was delayed. Dry matter percentages of 5th and 20th October and 5th November were 47.4, 41.5 and 34.5%, respectively. Fresh matter yield of barley decreased from 30,092 to 16,018 kg/ha as the seeding date was delayed. And fresh matter yield of barley was significantly increased with the increase in the seeding rate. Dry matter yield of barley decreased from 14,230 to 5,521 kg/ha as the seeding date was delayed. And dry matter yield of barley was significantly increased with increase in the seeding rate(p<0.05). The results obtained from this study indicate that both the seeding date of 20th October and seeding rate of 220 kg/ha would be recommendable for forage yield of barley in paddy field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2012

This experiment was carried out to determine the harvesting day after heading of barley for highest total forage yield in double cropping with corn at paddy field in middle region. The fresh barley yield was the highest at the harvest of 20 days after heading, but the dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest at the harvest of 25 days after heading because of higher dry matter rate. The dry matter yield of corn after the harvest of 25 days after heading was decreased about 16 percent than that of the check, sowing on april 25. But total fresh yield of corn monoculture was lower about 31 percent, and decreased 28 percent of dry matter and 23 percent of TDN yield, respectively, than that of the double cropping system with corn and barley. In double cropping system at paddy field, the total forage yield was the highest at the harvest of 25 days after heading of barley and grew corn subsequently. Although yield of corn was reduced by late sowing, the total forage yield was increased by double cropping system compared with corn monoculture.