• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.892-900
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• 1995

본 연구대상자들은 열량공급 영양소인 탄수화물 : 단백질 : 지방으로 부터 각각 전체 열량의 63% : 14% : 24%를 공급받아 한국인의 권장비인 65 : 15 : 20에 근사한 값을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 이상적인 섭취양상은 sucrose/starch ratio나 P/S ratio cholesterol 등에서도 바람직한 섭취수준을 보여주고 있어 본 조사대상자는 식이를 통한 고혈압 위험인자를 비교적 적게 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 단, 섭취량이 위험수준 이상 보다 높을 것으로 기대되는 나트륨의 섭취량은 조리과정에서 첨가되는 식염의 양을 측정하지 못하여 그 위함의 심각성을 도출하지 못했다. 영양소 섭취의 식품공급원의 순위와 개인간의 변이식품의 순위는 일반적으로 모든 영양소(열량, 단백질, 지방, 나트륨, 칼륨)에서 크게 다른 것으로 나타나 영양소의 주된 공급식품을 중심으로 빈도조사법의 설문지를 작성할 경우 개인간의 섭취량의 차이를 찾아내는데 크게 실패할 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 단, cholesterol의 경우는 제한된 식품에 의존해서 공급받는 것으로 나타나 공급식품과 변이식품의 순위가 크게 차이 나지않아 빈도조사법 설문지 개발시 주된 공급식품의 섭취빈도 조사만으로도 개인간의 변이를 충분히 반영할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 질병과의 관련성을 규명하기 위해 식이조사에서 식품섭취 빈도법을 이용하여 설문지를 개발할 경우 주된 급원식품만을 포함시킨다면 개인간의 섭취량의 차이를 도출해 낼 수 없으나, 포함되는 식품항목의 금원식품 뿐 아니라 변이식품도 포함시키는 것이 개인간의 영양소 섭취의 차이를 찾아낼 수 있는 좋은 방법임을 본 연구결과는 시사하고 있다. 본 연구는 고혈압의 식이성 위험인자가 되는 영양소를 중심으로 개인간의 섭취량의 차이를 규명하기 위한 식이조사를 한다는 전제하에 조사에 사용될 식품섭취 빈도법의 설문지 개발시 포함시켜야 할 식품항목의 타당성을 공급식품과 변이식품의 순위 분석을 통해 관찰해 봄으로써 조사표 작성의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 앞으로 고혈압 이오의 다른 질병인 경우에도 이와같은 연구가 진행되어 각각의 질병연구에 적절한 조사표 작성의 기초자료들이 제공되어야 역학연구에서 식이조사의 효율성을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2017

This study aimed to estimate daily intake of anthocyanins and to identify major sources of anthocyanins in current Korean dietary patterns in order to implement dietary recommendations for the improvement of Korean health. Sixteen foods were selected based on the availability of food intake and reliable anthocyanin content. Food intake data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014 and anthocyanin content data from earlier investigations were used to calculate the consumption of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin contents of 16 foods varied significantly and exhibited a range of 0~4,009 mg/100 g of fresh weight. Daily intake of anthocyanins was estimated to be 3.3 mg to 95.5 mg in Koreans. Of the 16 foods studied, the source contributing most to anthocyanin intake in the Korean population was plums (35.1%), followed by black beans (17.1%) and grapes (15.2%). These results indicate that major foods contributing to anthocyanin consumption in the Korean dietary pattern are fruits and grains.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.452-460
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• 2000

Aspects of health food intake were investigated by conducting a questionnaire survey with over 480 of adults in Taejon and the data were analyzed by $\chi$$^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA, using an SAS program. Eighty two percent of the subjects had taken some kind of health food. The health foods they took frequently were, for example, health drinks, green tea, ginseng products, dietary fiber drinks, honey, general tea, vitamin B, vitamin C, and tonic medicines. The main reason for taking health foods was recovery from fatigue and the frequency of taking health foods was one time per day. Most of the subjects took health foods without knowledge of their components or effects. When they health foods with a perceived knowledge of their components and effects, they responded that the health foods were very helpful for them. Twenty percent of subjects experienced side effects, such as diarrhea, stomachache, headache, nettle rash, and stomach cramps. Information on health foods was obtained mainly from friends or family. The user group showed higher intention to continue health food intake than non users(p < 0.001). Health foods were taken without any knowledge about them. Health food intake was significantly correlated with consideration of disease, suffering or disease, medical examination, and self-perceived health status, but not with food habits and health food knowledge. As for the results from the adults consumption pattern of health food, an education program should be developed to choose proper health foods according to the consumers dietary life and health conditions. Also a proper guide line should be established to be chosen the authorized health foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.479-492
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the foods intake as well as nutrients intake, 2) the nutritional knowledge, and 3) the relations between the foods and nutrients intakes and nutritional knowledge in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts (RGs). The results are summarized as follows. Average daily intakes of energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$ vitamin B$_2$ and niacin were in 45-74％ of the RDAs for Koreans. Average daily energy intake was only about 50％ of energy expenditure by physical activities. Average daily intakes of each food group were generally lower, but intakes of breads and confectionaries, sugar and sweets, milks and dairy products, and instant foods were higher in the RGs compared to the nonathletic students of the same age from the National Health and Nutrition Suvey. The contribution of empty-calorie foods such as breads and confectionaries, beverage and instant foods to the major energy nutrients were high. Mean of total nutritional knowledge score of RGs was 28.4 of total score 50. In categorical score of nutritional knowledge, the RGs make a best score on food sources and they get the lowest marks for food exchange. Among the nutrients, intakes of crude fiber, animal Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, carotene, vitamin B$_1$ niacin and vitamin C and, among the food groups, intakes of mushrooms, fruits and meats had relations with one of the total or categorical nutritional knowledge scores in the RGs. In conclusion, nutritional status of adolescent RGs was poor due to their unbalanced diet composed of empty-calorie foods, and their undesirable food intake pattern was supposed to be related to the low nutritional knowledge score of them. These results indicate that the RGs should be given more nutritional knowledge to improve their nutritional status and the exercise performance.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2007

This study examined the intake patterns and information-seeking behaviors of elderly individuals with regard to health foods, according to sociodemograhic characteristics, awareness of health, and concerns and awareness about health foods. The data were collected from 421 elderly living in Seoul, Busan, Daegue, Daejon, and Gwangju, between January 17th and February 23rd, 2006. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted using SPSS Windows. The results are as follows: The respondents were highly concerned about their own health as well as health foods, and individuals primarily took nutritional supplements and glucosamine containing products. In addition, they had taken various health-improving foods. Most had intentionally consumed at least one health food, in order to maintain a condition of health. According to chi-square tests, women were more likely to consume health foods than men. The most important sources of information regarding health foods were family, relatives, and friends. Some respondents answered they had difficulties in obtaining and understanding health food-related information. Many respondents desired to get health food information regarding efficacy from TV, radio, and newspapers, as well as doctors, pharmacists, and dieticians.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2000

Caffeine is widely consumed ingredient and it belongs to alkaloids. Many foods that we intake contain caffeine ; coffee, tea cocoa, chocolate, and coke. And it is also added to many commercial remedies ; cold tablets, headache tablets, etc. Effect of caffeine that is known to us so far is as follows; 1. Remaining awake for long hours 2. Increasing concentration and decreasing fatigue 3. Increasing basal metabolic rate 4. decomposing glycogen and body fat and providing energy 5. Stimulating gastric acid 6. Increasing urinary excretion. Caffeine containing beverages(especially, coffee)are also favorite food in adult. In case of children and youth, chocolate and coke are favorite food. So, to intake caffeine containing foods moderately can be a vitality of life. But, a long-term intake or overdose of caffeine can result in many side effects. For example, headache, irritability, restlessness, hypertension, fetal abnormality, etc. Therefore, it is desirable that caffeine intake is under 300-400mg per day. To decrease intake of caffeine, 1. Use decaffeinated coffee 2. Product of decaffeinated coffee bean through gene transformation 3. Indicate content and function of caffeine on caffeine-food container 4. Provide an information of caffeine to public.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.606-614
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the attitude to various soy foods and to estimate dietary isoflavone intake among Korean adolescents. The survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire with 800 middle and high school students residing in urban and rural areas and 714 questionnaires were collected: resulting in 89% response rate. The dietary isoflavone intake was estimated by food frequency questionnaire developed for rapid assessment of isoflavone intake. Soybean paste, soybean curd, soy milk, bean sprouts and dambuk were recognized as nutritious and healthy food in order. Dambuk got the lowest score in taste and flavor. Bean sprouts, soybean curd and soybean paste were recognized as familiar food in order. Stuffed rice in fried soybean curd got the highest score and Miso soup got the lowest in preference. More than 50% of the subjects consumed soybean paste stew/soup and soybean curd over twice per week and 12.3% of the subjects consumed soybean over once a day. The estimated daily intake of isoflavones ranged from 0 to 227 mg, and the mean daily isoflavone intake of the subjects was 28.1 mg (16.3 mg genistein and 12.0 mg daidzein) whereas the median value of isoflavone intake was 19.7 mg. There was statistically significant relationship among Kyung Gi Do, Chung cheung Do and Seoul residents in their intake of isoflavone. The highest monthly income group consumed isoflavone more than the other groups. These results suggest that Korean adolescent perceived the soybean dishes as high quality foods but they didn't take much because of difficulty to cook or less chance to eat. Nutrition education program is needed to enhance consuming soy foods for prevention of chronic diseases related to dietary isoflavone intake. More detailed information on easy cook method of soy food is also needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.422-434
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• 2019

우리나라 국민의 가공식품 섭취 증가로 인해 가공식품으로부터의 영양소 섭취는 개인의 건강을 유지하는 식생활의 중요한 요인으로 작용하게 되었다. 그러므로 본 연구는 가공식품으로부터의 열량 및 영양소의 섭취 기여를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 나이, 성별, 에너지 섭취량을 보정 한 결과, 가공식품의 섭취량은 남자가 여자보다 유의적으로 많이 섭취하였고, 나이가 증가할수록 적게 섭취하였다. 또한, 소득이 높고, 학력이 높을수록 총 가공식품의 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았다. 가공식품 섭취는 총식품 섭취량의 68.1%로 원재료식품보다 높았고, 곡류, 버섯류, 기타류를 제외한 모든 식품군에서 가공식품 섭취비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 음료 및 주류에서 가공식품 섭취량이 가장 높았다. 가공식품 섭취량이 많은 상위 5개 식품군인 음료 및 주류군, 채소군, 곡류군, 과일군, 유류군에서 다소비 가공식품은 빵, 김치, 사과가공품, 우유, 맥주로 나타났다. 나이, 성별, 에너지 섭취량을 보정 한 결과, 탄수화물을 제외한 조사된 모든 영양소 섭취량 및 영양소 섭취기준 비율은 원재료식품 식품에서보다 가공식품에서 유의적으로 높았다. 총 에너지 대비 탄수화물 섭취 비율은 가공식품에서 낮았고 단백질, 지질로부터의 에너지 섭취비율이 가공식품에서 높았다. 특히 나트륨의 경우, 가공식품에서 섭취가 96.3%로 가공식품으로부터 가장 높게 섭취하는 영양소로 나타났다. 나이, 에너지 섭취량을 보정 한 결과, 가공식품에서 영양소 섭취량은 남성이 여성보다 많았다 (비타민 C, 식이섬유, 철분, 비타민 A 제외). 가공식품에서 비타민 C 섭취량은 여성에서 높았고, 식이섬유, 철분, 비타민 A 섭취량은 성별에 따른 차이가 없었다. 성별, 에너지 섭취량, BMI를 보정 한 결과, 가공식품에서 철, 비타민 A, 비타민 C의 섭취량은 20대에 비하여 30 ~ 64세에서 섭취량이 증가하였고 65세 이상에서는 감소하였다. 가공식품으로부터의 나트륨 섭취량은 30 ~ 49세에 가장 높았고, 50세 이상에서는 섭취량이 감소하였다. 결론적으로 한국 성인의 경우 1일 총 식이 섭취량에서 가공식품 섭취량이 원재료식품보다 많았으며 가공식품으로부터 더 많은 열량과 및 대부분 영양소를 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가공식품의 섭취는 앞으로 더 늘어날 것으로 예상하여 건강한 가공식품의 섭취와 선택에 관한 연구와 영양교육이 필요한 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of practice of dietary behavior and dining out in accordance with intake of sodium among male and female adults aged 20 years or older residing in the Seoul Metropolitan area or Chungcheong Province. A total of 530 copies of the questionnaire were distributed from May to July, 2014. The SH group who responded that they eat a lot of sodium constituted 30.6% (158 people), followed by the SM group who responded that their sodium intake is about average at 55.7% (288 people) and the SL group who answered that they do not eat much sodium at 13.7% (71 people). Those in the SL group showed positive results for dietary behavior patterns. The SL group showed the lowest rate in terms of how often they eat harmful foods, including processed foods, sweet foods, salty foods, or food with high animal fat content such as pork belly. Positive results among the SL group were prominent in terms of avoiding over-drinking, regular exercise, and nutritional knowledge, indicating greater health management. The distribution of each group in terms of self-perceived sodium intake showed significant differences across age, gender, and household income in terms of frequency of fast food intake, regularity of meals, purchase of foods with consideration of sodium amount, frequency of missed meals, balance of food intake, and health management habits.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.436-447
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• 2014

본 연구는 45~60세 중년 여성을 대상으로 건강식품의 섭취 실태를 파악하고, 건강식품 섭취 여부에 따른 건강행태와 식생활을 조사하여 이들 여성의 건강식품의 섭취와 식생활과의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 조사 대상자의 평균 연령은 49.8세였으며, 현재 건강식품을 섭취하고 있는 대상자 비율이 66.8%로 건강식품 섭취자가 비섭취자 보다 더 많았다. 섭취하고 있는 건강식품은 비타민 및 무기질의 섭취 비율이 가장 높았으며, 섭취 이유로는 영양보충과 질병예방이라고 응답한 비율이 높았다. 건강식품 구입과 관련한 태도에서는 건강 식품 구입 시 영양정보 또는 제품성분, 섭취량, 섭취방법을 잘 확인하고 구입한다고 응답한 비율이 70% 이상으로 높았다. 건강식품 섭취 여부에 따른 평상시 식생활 태도를 분석한 결과, 건강식품 섭취군이 비섭취군에 비해 평상시 식생활 태도의 평균 점수가 유의적으로 높았으며(p < 0.05), 식생활 태도에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과에서도 추출된 4개의 요인 중 '식품의 절제' 요인에서 섭취군의 점수가 비섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p < 0.001). 이상의 결과로 건강식품을 섭취하는 사람들의 식생활 태도가 더 좋으며, 바람직한 식생활과 건강식품의 섭취가 긍정적인 관계에 있는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 건강식품 섭취를 평상시 식생활과 잘 조화를 이루게 한다면 더욱 긍정적인 작용을 할 것으로 기대되며, 이에 중년 여성 자신의 식생활을 올바르게 인식하고 자신에게 적합한 건강식품을 선택할 수 있도록 관련 교육 및 지침이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.