• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.396-405
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• 1997

We performed this study to understand the health status and food intake of North Koreans. Information was collected by individual closed in-depth interviews of 11 escapers from North Korea as well as books, newspapers and North Korean movies. Interviews were done from October, 1996 to May, 1997, covering their heights and weights, their appearance and disease, food system and intake of various main/side foods, concern about health and hygiene. North Korean's height and BMI were lower than those of South Koreans. Difference of BMIs between North and South Koreans was profound in middle aged women than in other age groups. Childrem showed many malnutrition appearances of moon face, large abdomem, arrow-like legs, flaky skin, decolored hair, etc.. Main foods in North Korea were rice-shaped corn, corn flour, wheat flour and wet noodle, and side foods were kimchi and/or soups and steamed soy paste. Food supply system there seemed not to work normally for many years, so foods, especially in cities, has been extremely short in government-operating shops, but some in private market. Many housewives were eager to make and sell simple snack food products, We noticed that North korea schools didn't check students' health even though their medical policy was based on preventive medicine. Their living environmental hygiene was shown to be oyt of control.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1991

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and nutritional status supplied by group feeding for blue color and white color in Seoul and Kyunggi area. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Blue color and white color of the average food supply per person per day was 1370.0g. Blue color of the total fool supply was consisted of 35.1% grain, 44.1% vegetables. White color of the total fool supply was consisted of 31.8% grain, 44.0% vegetable. The amount of milk product, fruit and fat supply were very small. 2. Blue color and white color of the ratio of main dish and side dish supplied was 69 : 31, 60.0 : 39.7. 3. Main dish all is rice. Side dish ard kinds of soupes and Jigeai Johngol in the two groups. In the kind of side dish white color much more than blue color. Dessert are scarcely supplied in the two groups. 4. The mean daily supplies of energy and 9 nutrients were above the level of the R.D.A. Blue color and white color of the mean daily amount of energy supply was 2653.0㎉ 3022.6㎉. Blue color and white color of the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat supplied was 68.4%, 18.6%, 13.1%, and 62.1%, 20.9%, 17.0%. 5. Blue color and white color of the average feeding cost amounts to 460won, 812won per meal. 6. Blue color; There were high correlations in supply amoung energy, protein, fat. Carbohydrate, calcium, iron, riboflavin, niacin. White color; There were high correlation in supply amoung energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vit-C.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.370-378
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• 1995

This study is to seek methods for optimum management of foodservice system for elementary schools in Korea through surveying and analyzing the current status of the "common-management foodservice system" and certain important factors relating to its operations. For the survey of the current status of the "common-management foodservice system", questionnaires are prepared as against schools adopting "common-management system"("Common Schools") as well as schools adopting "conventional management system" ("Conventional Schools") in Kyungsangbookdo ("Kyungbook") area. The survey items are composed of general items, items concerning tasks of dietitians, items concerning purchasing activities and items concerning level of recognition and job-satisfaction of the dietitians. Total 46 dietitians from Common Schools and 65 dietitians from Conventional Schools in Kyungbook region responded the questionnaires. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Information Concerning Dietitians Average age of the dietitians: 26.6 yrs Ratio of two years or less of experiences as school dietitian: Dietitians from Common Schools: 59.1％ Dietitians from Conventional Schools: 50.8％ 2. Types of the Foodservice In both schools, rural type are prevalent; however, between urban types and islands types, the ratio of urban types are larger than the ratio of islands types in Conventional Schools, and the opposite is true in Common Schools. 3. Decision of Suppliers The ratio of dietitian＇s participaion in the decision making reaches only 38.3％, indicating the possibility of problems in quality control and hygienic aspects of the food supply. 4. Factor Analysis of the Foodservice Duties Food supply and general affairs administration work was carried out very well (4.2), while personnel management and operational improvement work (2.8), nutritional education work (2.3), and information related work were poorly carried out. No significant differences were found between the two types of the foodservice management systems. 5. Job Satisfaction scores of Dietitians Dietitians were more satisfied with the works (50.0), supervision (50.5) and co-workers (46.9) than pay (18.0) and promotion (22.3).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2006

This study was planned to investigate the current using status of agricultural products in school food service both produced in Korea and imported from other countries and the dieticians' perception on using those. A total of 723 dieticians of 442 elementary schools and 381 middle high schools were surveyed in July, 2003 to perform the purposes of the study. A high using rate (93.4%) for Korean agricultural products was investigated. As for meat such as pork and chicken except beef and eggs, the using rate of Korean agricultural products was high. Almost 100% of vegetables and fruits, except tropical fruits such as banana, kiwi, orange and pineapple supplied for school food service were also Korean products. As for nuts and edible oil, the rate of using for Korean agricultural products was comparatively lower than those of other food items due to the price gap. Most dieticians rated the quality of the products produced in Korea higher than that of the imported products in the aspects of their freshness, taste, and safety. But they found no difference in the package condition of the products produced in Korea and of those imported from other countries. This result suggests that the package system should be improved for the agricultural products produced in Korea.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of the school dietitian on superior agricultural products (SAP) and the status of using superior agricultural products in school meals. Questionnaires were distributed to 185 school dietitians after face to face interview, and a total of 181 responses were used for analysis. 82.3% of the respondents were using SAPs in school meals and there was a significant difference between elementary school (95.1%), middle school (76.8%) and high school (66.7%) dietitians (p < 0.001). 85.2% of the dietitians, who were using SAP, were purchasing SAPs through electronic bidding, and the main reason of not using SAPs was the higher price of SAPs than that of general agricultural products. The good agricultural practices (GAP) product was considered the most appropriate agricultural products for school meals by the majority of respondents (66.9%), and organic products was the next (13.3%). In addition, the most important selection criterion for a SAP perceived by school dietitians was safety (58.0%), and the main reason of using SAPs in school meals, when two choices were allowed, was 'to provide healthful food to children' (98.9%). The major barriers to using SAPs in school meals (two choices were allowed) were 'too expensive' (73.5%) and 'unstable supply' (32.6). In conclusion, it was suggested that there should be an improvement in SAP supply and management systems to increase the use of SAPs in school meals.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.520-531
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• 2018

Aim of this study is to investigate the perception and purchasing status of functional beverages for adults in the Chungnam area. In this case, the reasons to buy the functional beverages for men were 'recovery of fatigue (43.1%)', 'quenching thirst (21.6%)', 'health promotion (19.6%)', 'supply of nutrition (15%)', and 'a loss in weight (7%)'. Otherwise the reasons to buy the functional beverage for women showed to be 'recovery of fatigue (28.6%)', 'health promotion (26.4%)', 'quenching thirst (22.1%)', 'supply of nutrition (12.9%)', and 'a loss in weight (10%)', which were significant different between the men and women subjects. The place to buy functional beverages was for singles (46.5%) a store and for married person a supermarket. The purchase of functional beverages was affected by as follows; manufactured date > original granule > nutrition sign > country > price > taste > brand > scent > color and the women are affected more than men. For functional beverages, the men preferred to buy an energy drink and vitamin drink more than the women. After the intake of functional beverages, the men and women recognized the effect on 'recovery of fatigue' and 'a loss of weight/release of a feeling of hunger/improvement of constipation', respectively. Considering the results of the study, it is necessary to clarify the function of functional beverages so that consumers can choose and take the correct functional beverage by themselves. In addition, the nutritional education should be conducted for the intake allowance for the compositions and excessive or inadequate intake of functional beverages.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.267-283
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• 2003

1920~30년대 일제 하 개성 소년형무소를 비롯한 조선내 형무소의 주식공급량과 대만 신죽 소년형무소 및 프랑스 후레누 감화원, 독일 모아비트 구치소간의 영양조사 자료를 통해 당시 세계공황과 일본의 식량난 속에서 수형인의 식생활 실태를 재검토한 결과를 다음과 같다. 1. 1920년대 조선내 형무소의 주식공급상태 1) 식사가 12등급으로 나누어 제공되었으며 급여열량의 차이로 볼 때 활동정도에 따라 구분하였을 것이다. 목포형무소 1등급이 6045.0 ㎉, 마산형무소 12등급이 1855.8 ㎉로 각 형무소의 잡곡사용비유과 식이등급에 따라 열량공급량의 차이가 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 2) 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물의 평균 열량비가 20.0 : 20.2 : 59.8로 단백질의 공급량이 의외로 높은데 이것은 주식 중 콩의 비율이 높기 때문이다. 개성형무소를 제외하고 주식 중 콩의 사용비율은 20~60%이다. 주식에서의 단백질의 양이 높다하더라도 모두 식물성단백질이지만 다른 곡물에 부족한 lysine에 대한 보충작용의 효과가 컸을 것으로 기대된다. 3) 콩을 공급하지 않은 개성소년형무소는 단백질과 지방의 열량비가 각각 8.3%, 8.1%로 낮고 탄수화물의 공급량이 높아 성장기 소년 수형인에게는 부적절하다고 사료된다. 2. 각 형무소의 영양공급량의 종합적 비교 대만 프랑스, 독일 형무소와 본 논문의 전보로 수행된 (Kim CH 2003) 조선 경성형무소의 영양상황을 종합적으로 파악하기 위하여 중등활동을 하는 수형인에게 공급된 영양량으로 비교하면 다음과 같다. 1) 경성형무소 중등활동 수형인에게 공급된 열량은 1일 3966.5 ㎉, 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물의 열량비는 18.9 : 16.6 : 64.5로 단백질은 약간 높고 지방은 약간 낮으나 3대 영양소의 균형정도는 양호하다고 볼 수 있으며 오히려 총열량이 너무 높은 것으로 사료된다. 2) 대만 신죽 소년형무소에서는 주식은 쌀과 고구마를 7:3으로 혼합하여 6등급으로 구분하여 공급하였으며 부식은 1주일 cycle menu로 작성되었다. 열량섭취량은 1등급에서 2862.9 ㎉, 6등급에서 1388.9 ㎉로 성장기 소년 수형인에게는 충분한 공급이라고 할 수 없다. 단백질과 지방의 열량 섭취량도 적으나 돼지고기, 돼지기름, 잡어, 유부등의 음식을 제공하므로 동물성 단백질과 지방이 어느 정도 공급되었을 것이다. 3) 프랑스 후레누 감화원과 독일 모아비트 구치소는 1일 총열량섭취량이 각각 2771.3 ㎉, 2678.7 ㎉로 당시 열량권장 기준으로 간주되었던 3000 ㎉, 현재 중등활동 성인열량권장량인 2500 ㎉ 어느 쪽으로 비교해도 적정량이 공급되었다고 할 수 있으며, PFC 비율은 후레누 감화원에서 16.2 : 12.0 : 71.8로 지방이 부족하고, 모아비트 구치소에서는 12.4 : 14.3 : 73.3으로 단백질과 지방이 약간 부족하다고 볼 수 있다. 4) 법무부 급식관리위원회의 수용자 급식기준과 각 형무소의 보통활동 수형자를 위해 공급하는 영양량을 종합적으로 비교해보면 총열량 공급량은 조선 경성형무소(Kim CH 2003)에서는 3966.5 ㎉로 급식기준열량의 159.9%로 공급량이 높았으며, 대만 신죽 형무소에서는 소년 수형자임에도 89.6%만을 공급하고 있었다. 프랑스와 독일은 각각 110.9%, 107.1%로 급식기준을 조금 넘는 적정열량에서 가까운 양을 공급하였다고 할 수 있다. 일제하의 조선, 세계공황 이후 식량이 극도로 부족한 상황에서 대만, 유럽의 프랑스와 독일 모두 단체로 수용되어 있는 수형인들에게 적정영양량을 찾기 위해 노력하였다는 것을 알 수 있다. 다만 조사된 것이 계획에 불과한 것이 아니었는지 의문시된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

Purpose - Our Research is a study on the competition structure between retailers in traditional markets. Specifically, this study examined the effects of SSM, commodity supply store, Hanaro mart, food mart and other mart in traditional markets on retail stores of small businesses. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution to the market encroachment of large retailers in traditional markets. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is based on the data of 'Market Survey of Traditional Market·Shopping Mall and Store Management in 2016' and 'Current status of SSM(Super SuperMarket), commodity supply store, Hanaro mart, food mart and other mart in the traditional market in 2017' conducted by Small Enterprise and Market Service. In this study, a multiple regression equation was constructed using the number of SSM, commodity supply store, Hanaro mart, food mart and other mart as an independent variable and sales, number of customers as a dependent variable for analysis. Results - The increase of SSM and commodity supply stores in the traditional market affects the sales decrease of the surrounding small merchants in the traditional market. This means that the SSM and commodity supply stores can lead to the decline of the traditional market. However, it has been found that the penetration of these companies in traditional markets does not affect the number of visitors. Second, Hanaro mart's entry into the traditional market has a negative impact on the sales and visitor numbers of the surrounding small-scale merchants. The increase in the number of food mart has a significant effect on the sales and the number of visitors to the small stores. The results of this study indicate that the food mart can contribute to the revitalization of traditional markets. Lastly, other mart with more than medium size were found to affect the sales of small stores, the number of visitors. Conclusions - We examines the competitive structure among retailers in traditional markets. The penetration of large retailers in traditional markets has a negative impact on traditional markets, particularly Hanaro mart has a greater impact than SSM. We provide practical and theoretical implications for the retail competition structure in traditional markets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.104-117
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 제6기 (2013 ~ 2015년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 전기노인 (65 ~ 74세)과 후기노인 (75세 이상)의 식생활 및 건강 특성을 식품안정성에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 노인의 식품불안정성 비율은 10.6%였고, 전기노인과 후기노인에서는 각각 10.0%, 11.6%로 나타났다. 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 에너지, 지방으로부터의 에너지섭취비율, 리보플라빈, 니아신의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았고, 탄수화물로부터의 에너지섭취비율은 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 유의하게 높았다. 전기노인에서는 분석한 모든 영양소 (단백질, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인, 철)에 대하여 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 부족하게 섭취하는 비율이 높았다. 반면 후기 노인에서는 단백질, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 인을 부족하게 섭취하는 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 유의하게 높았으나 비타민 A, 티아민, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 철에서는 식품안정성에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 식품불안정군뿐 아니라 식품안정군에서도 영양소 섭취 부족자 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 고기 생선 달걀 콩류와 과일류의 섭취 횟수가 유의적으로 낮았고, 전기노인에서는 곡류와 채소류, 후기노인에서는 유지 당류의 섭취 횟수에서도 식품안정성에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 전기노인과 후기노인 모두 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 식사를 거르는 비율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 전기노인에서 아침, 점심, 저녁을, 후기노인에서는 아침과 저녁을 혼자서 식사하는 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 건강 특성에 대해서는 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 주관적 건강 상태가 '매우 나쁘다' 또는 '나쁘다'고 응답한 비율이 높았다. 또한 전기노인에서는 저작불편함을 느낀다고 응답한 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 높게 나타났으나 후기노인에서는 식품안정성에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, 두 연령집단에서 식품안정성에 따른 식생활 및 건강 특성은 다른 양상을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 전기노인에서 후기노인보다 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 향후 노인 대상 식품 및 영양지원 프로그램 설계 시 노인을 연령별로 세분화하고 식품안정성에 따라 다르게 나타난 양상을 고려할 필요가 있겠다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1974

A complete study of the nutritive value of foods in Korea is required as essential basic data in the planning of food supply and demand, the implementation of national nutritive survey and the development of dietary improvement, nutritional education and various nutritional administration projects. The kinds, numbers and nutritive value of foods we consume in our everyday life vary markedly according to the weather, soils, and the economic system of the region. A study of the current status of Korea in terms of the nutritional value of foods consumed is urgently required. For this reason, a study was conducted of 29 kinds of foods including 5 kinds of mushrooms, 19 kinds of vegetables and 5 kinds of seafoods. The foods examined were randomly collected from major markets in Seoul. The results are summarized in the accompanying tables.