• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.236-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide baseline data regarding functional cosmetics so that Inula. based cosmetics can increase its competitiveness in the market as well as to understand current trends to enable anticipation of demands for future product development. For this research, general consumers over the age of 20 residing in Seoul and the Gyeonggi district were surveyed. The results show consumers preferred serum-type products among various types of cosmetics, and that they purchased these once every 1-3 months. Consumers also preferred these products in less than 10-30ml capacity, and at costs of less than 30,000-50,000 KRW. For whitening, functional cosmetics consumers also preferred the serum type, in less than 30-50ml capacity and priced less than 30,000-50,000 KRW. Consumers preferred to purchase functional cosmetics in single units. The major purchasing location, with a high preference rate, was cosmetic stores, and the major sources of information, also with high preference rates, were 'experienced reviews from family, friends and acquaintances' and 'TV advertisements'. Respondents selected 'over 50,000 KRW' the most for all items when responding to 'Purchase Intent for Functional Cosmetics containing Inula', and responded that they were willing to pay 10%-30% more for functional cosmetics containing Inula compared to standard functional cosmetics. These results show that businesses in the cosmetics industry need to take consumer demand into account when developing new functional cosmetic products, as well as establish plans to create specialized spaces that provide better quality service and increase word of mouth effect through better utilization of various types of offline media, social media, and blogs. The study also shows a need for businesses to develop products fully utilizing the Inula flower, which has been shown to be effective as a natural skin whitener, wrinkle reducer and skin moisturizer, to appeal to the increasing number of customers interested in health and beauty.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1999

The hydrolysate of desalinated tuna boiled extract (TBE) were prepared by continuous hydrolysis of TBE using a membrane reactor. TBE and tuna boiled extract hydrolysate (TBEH) were isolated depending on molecular weights. The major molecular weight distributions of TBEH-l0K, TBEH-5K and TBEH-lK were 9,800Da, 3,000Da and 990Da, respectively. The amounts of nucleotides and their related compounds of TBE were 3.47 $\mu$mole/g AMP, 23.75 $\mu$mole/g IMP, 9.07 $\mu$mole/g inosine and 1.89 $\mu$mole/g hypoxanthine. Total content of amino acids having desirable taste (glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, aspartic acid, serine) was about $63\%$ of total amino acid from TBE and about $62\%$ from TBEH. The natural seasoninings were prepared with TBE and TBEH. From the results of sensory evaluations, complex seasoning containing TBEH-1K was almost equal to the shellfish complex seasoning obtained from the market. The mixed sauce which was made by mixing of $50\%$ TBEH sauce and $50\%$ fermented soy sauce was similar to the tradition soybean sauce in product quality and it showed the possibility to be used for the substitute product for acid hydrolyzed soysauce.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

Although rice has been cultivated as a major food crop for approximately 5,000 years, the interest of customers in 'scented rice' is a recent trend in the Korean market. As a part of developing a germinated scented rice variety, the newly bred scented rice variety 'Cheonjihyang-1 se' was germinated for 24 h, and changes in profiles of flavor-related volatiles, lipophilic phytonutrients, and fatty acids were investigated. The profiling of volatile compounds by using a headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) revealed a total of 56 odor-active flavoring compounds; 52 at the pre-germination stage, 51 at the post-germination stage, and 47 common at both stages. The major flavoring compounds were nonanol and benzene, which constituted 11.5% and 6.6%, respectively, of the total peak area in pre-germinated rice, and 19.4% and 6.5%, respectively, in post-germinated rice. Germination induced an increase in 13 flavoring compounds, including 3,3,5-trimethylheptane and 1-pentadecene, which increased by 763 and 513%, respectively by germination. However, we observed a germination-induced decrease in most of the other flavoring compounds. Especially, the most important scented rice-specific popcorn-flavoring compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, showed 89% decrease due to germination. Furthermore, the germination of scented rice induced a decrease in the content of various phytonutrients. For example, the total contents of phytosterols, squalene, and tocols decreased from 207.97, 31.74, and $25.32{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ at pre-germination stage down to 136.66, 25.12, and $17.76{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, respectively at post-germination stage. The fatty acid compositions were also affected by germination. The composition of three major fatty acids, linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, increased from 36.6, 34.2, and 24.4%, respectively, at the pre-germination stage to 37.9, 36.9, and 20.7%, respectively, at the post-germination stage. All these results suggested significant changes in the flavor-related compounds and phytonutrients of the scented rice variety 'Cheonjihyang-1 se' during the process of germination, and subsequently the need for developing a more precise process of germination to enhance the flavor and nutritional quality of the germinated scented rice products.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2006

This survey was done to investigate the pesticide residues on agricultural products on the markets in Incheon area from 2003 to 2005. A total of 10,431 samples was analyzed the residues by GC. The violation rates of the samples over maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues established by Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) in the survey of 2003, 2004 and 2005 were 1.3%, 0.9%, and 1.2%, respectively. The rate from the samples of 2005 surveyed in general wholesale markets was 3.1%, whereas that from agricultural wholesale market was 0.93%. Of the total violated samples, more than 70% of the rates were recorded from the samples of Gyeonggi-do and Incheon area in 2003 and 2004. However, the rates from Gyeonggi-do and Incheon in 2005 were remarkably reduced to 25.6% and 23.3%, respectively. Most commonly encountered agricultural commodity over MRLs was crown daisy. Positively detected pesticides were 12, 17 and 32 in the survey of 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The pesticides detected yearly over MRLs during three years were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, endosulfan, procymidone. Decreasing tendency in detected and violated rates of the residues was observed in chlorpyrifos and diazinon, while increasing tendency in detected rates was recorded in chlorothalonil, endosulfan, procymidone.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.825-834
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• 2003

Chicken thigh from a retail market were used as experimental samples. Some chicken samples of raw state were packaged with PVDC at an aerobic and vacuum condition. The other samples were cooked until core temperature arrived at 70$^{\circ}C$ and then packaged immediately in the same way of raw samples. After samples were irradiated by electron beam at 6 kGy, they were stored in a refrigerator. Identification and quantity of cholesterol oxides were made at 0 and 7 days of storage, respectively. During the early stage of storage, 7$\beta$-hydroxycholesterol, $\alpha$,$\beta$-epoxide, cholestanetriol and 7-ketocholesterol were produced from the raw meat samples, and the production of these chemicals were significantly higher(P〈0.05) from the samples with aerobic packaging than those with vacuum packaging. With storage time, 7$\alpha$-hydroxycholesterol, 6-ketocholesterol and some other chemicals, which were not found during the early stage of storage, were found. Also, the formation of these chemicals were significantly increased(P〈0.05) with storage time. Cholesterol and lipid oxidation products of cooked meat after irradiation and irradiated meat after cooking were significantly increased(P〈0.05) with storage time for all treatments, and vacuum packaging results in showed significantly lower value(P〈0.05) than aerobic packaging. Summarizing the aforementioned results, it was found that the formation of cholesterol and lipid oxides and lipid oxidation was more easily affected by packaging condition than irradiation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 2008

This research was performed to determine the proximate compositions, mineral contents, alginic acid, antioxidative activities and amino acids of sea mustards (Miyeok: Undaria pinnatifida) collected from Gijang and Wando area. Ash content was higher in Gijang samples, whereas carbohydrate and moisture were higher in Wando Sil Miyeok. General compositions of dried sea mustard showed different contents as manufacture's company and places. The major free amino acids were hydroxyproline, alanine, glutamic acid and asparagine in Gijang samples. Both Gijang and Wando Sil Miyeok showed lower contents comparing with Gijang Gadak Miyeok. Major mineral content was Na, K, Ca, Mg and P, and especially, Na and K were the most abundant in both Gijang and Wando sea mustards. Alginic acid content was almost similar in both sea mustards. Antioxidative activity of methanol extract of sea mustards was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 45.5% $(40\;{\mu}g/ml)$ in Gijang Gadak Miyeok and 37.0% and 26.0% $(40\;{\mu}g/ml)$ in Gijang and Wando Sil Miyok, respectively. SOD-like activity of Gijang and Wando Sil Miyok was 63% and 71% $(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$, respectively. These results show that biological activities depend on Miyeok manufacture's process. When stimulated macrophages RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inhibition of NO production in Gijang Sil Miyeok (44.2%) was 9% high comparing with that of Wando Sil Miyeok (35.7%).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 2014

The leaves of Peatasites japonicus are a traditional oriental medicine with diverse biological activities. A simple and specific analytical method for the quantitative determination of bakkenolide B constituents from methanolic extract of the leaves of P. japonicus was developed. Bakkenolide B was isolated from the leaves of P. japonicus, and its structure was elucidated based on 1D, 2D NMR, and GC-MS spectral data. A liquid chromatographic method was developed to evaluate the quality of P. japonicus through determination of major active compound, bakkenolide B. The wavelengths at 254 and 215 nm were chosen to determine bakkenolide B. The recovery of the method was in the range of 98.6 to 103.1%, and bakkenolide B showed good linearity ($r^2$=0.999) within test ranges. The developed method was applied to the determination of bakkenolide B in the plant part and seasonal changes. The results showed that the content of bakkenolide B in the leaf was higher than in the petiole and rhizome. In this study, a simple, rapid, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine the percentage and composition of bakkenolide B in P. japonicus procured from different Petasites species plants in South Korea. The method can be employed in routine quantitative analysis and quality control of different products in the market.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1224-1230
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• 2012

Cancer chemotherapy drugs command a large share of the market, and the development of new therapeutics with high efficacy and specificity is an active area of study. Recently, the development of cancer therapeutics from natural products targeting angiogenesis has drawn attention due to conventional chemotherapeutics showing serious side effects and resistance in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological efficacy of Gomisin A, an active ingredient of Schizandra chinensis baillon, on tumor growth and metastasis. Administration of Gomisin A at 10 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ reduced tumor growth in vivo by $80.5{\pm}8.1%$ and $96.2{\pm}2%$, respectively, compared with positive tumor controls. Treatment of Gomisin A in normal and various tumor cell lines did not exert significant toxicity. Mice treated with Gomisin A at a concentration of 10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/head showed a significant reduction in tumor-induced angiogenesis of $151{\pm}16.9%$ and $98.5{\pm}29.5%$, respectively. Furthermore, tumor metastasis analysis revealed that the administration of Gomisin A at a concentration of 10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/head inhibited tumor metastasis by $13.5{\pm}8.56%$ and $58.3{\pm}9.12%$, respectively. In addition, Gomisin A significantly decreased cell adhesion of the B16BL6 cells to the extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate that Gomisin A inhibits tumor growth via suppression of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis inhibition, without cellular toxicity. The pharmacological efficacy of Gomisin A suggests that it may be a potential candidate for the development of cancer drugs.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.463-469
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• 2008

During the last decade, monacolin-K biosynthesized by fermentation of red yeast rice (Monascus strains) was proved to have an efficient cholesterol lowering capability, leading to rapid increase in the market demand for the functional red yeast rice. In this study, the production medium composition and components were optimized on a shake flask scale for monacolin-K production by Monascus pilosus (KCCM 60160). The effect of three different soybean flours on the monacolin-K production were studied in order to replace the nitrogen sources of basic production medium (yeast extract, malt extract and beef extract). Among the several experiments, the production medium with dietary soybean flour to replace a half of yeast extract was very good for monacolin-K production. Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to determine the key factors which are critical to produce the biological products in the fermentation. According to the result of Plackett-Burman experimental design, a second order response surface design was applied using yeast extract, beef extract and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ as factors. Applying this model, the optimum concentration of the three variables was obtained. The maximum monacolin-K production (369.6 mg/L) predicted by model agrees well with the experimental value (418 mg/L) obtained from the experimental verification at the optimal medium. The yield of monacolin-K was increased by 67% as compared to that obtained with basic production medium in shake flasks.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2021

In this study, monokaryons of "Heukari" (Pleurotus ostreatus) and "Hosan" (Pleurotus pulmonarius) were separated to remove the cell wall, and a cross-species protoplast fusion was developed through chemical treatment with polyethylene glycol. The protoplast-fused PF160306 and PF160313 strains have a culture period of 10 and 2 days shorter than that of the "Heuktari" and "Hosan" cultivars, respectively. Furthermore, the growth of the strains was faster than that of the existing cultivars. The yield was 135.9 g per bottle, which was approximately 8% higher than that of the commercially available "Hosan" cultivar; however, it was not statistically significant. A growth survey was conducted after treatment at five temperatures (15, 18, 21, 23, and 25℃). The growth of the strains accelerated with the increase in temperature. However, at 21℃, the yellow color of pileus was the brightest. Band pattern, assessed using URP Primer 7, was similar to that of the "Hosan" cultivar. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity and polyphenol content were 62.5% and 43.5 mg/mL, respectively, for "Sunjung" and 65.7% and 49.9 mg/mL, respectively, for PF160313. Furthermore, the antihypertensive activities of the "Sunjung" cultivar and PF160313 were similarly high at 74% and 75%, respectively. In conclusion, cross-species hybridization via the protoplast fusion technique can be used for obtaining primary data for mushroom breeding to develop new varieties. In addition, the protoplast fusion technique might aid in expanding the market for yellow mushrooms.