• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.113 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and nutrient dynamics in response to fertilization of four tree species (LT: Liriodendron tulipifera L.; PY: Prunus yedoensis Matsumura; QA: Quercus acutissima Ca rruth; a nd PT: Pinus thunbergii Parl.) planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest in Bongdaesan (Mt.), Ulsan Metropolitan Area, South Korea. The trees were planted in 2009, and compound fertilizers (N₆P₄K₁) were applied in April 2013 and March 2014. Tree growth, soil, and foliage nutrients were examined from March 2013 to October 2016. The regression coefficients for the increment of the diameter at breast height (DBH) significantly differed between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, suggesting the significant effects of fertilization. By contrast, fertilization did not affect the coefficients for height increments. Regarding soil nutrient contents, organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were lower in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and magnesium concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots. In foliage, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were not affected by fertilization. Nutrient concentration of foliage among the tree species were higher in LT and PY than in QA and PT. These results suggest that fertilizers may be used to enhance soil fertility and the growth and nutrient status of tree species planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.152-160
• /
• 1993

Using a flue- cured tobacco variety, KF 109, effect of growth regulators(fatty alcohol and C- MH) on the change of protein, DNA, and RNA were investigated. Generally, inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed soon after become notably reduced when checked on 14 days after the treatment. Fatty alcohol treatment appeared to alleviate the inhibition of DNA synthesis caused by the C - MH treatment. It was also observed that in the tips DNA content increased slightly at the early stage after the C - MH treatment but evident reduction of it was resulted from 7th day after the treatment. RNA content in cutters and tips was increased initially but variable transcription inhibitory activities - not so obvious as was observed in DNA synthesis - according to leaf positions were shown thereafter. Ripening of leaves probably due to senescence was advanced by the treatment of the growth regulators. DNA content in root was relatively higher in plants treated with the growth regulators while it was clearly decreased in stalk, However, RNA contents in tissue of stalk and root was not different with that of foliage. Increase of protein content in foliage as well as in stalk was evident 14 days after dual treatment of fatty alcohol and C - MH.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.243-258
• /
• 2012

These grafting seeding "Torobambica", rootstock "Chuk Yang" were tested to investigate the growth, yield, and quality of eggplants which can be influenced by the bumblebee pollination and plant growth regulators. The results were as follows: According to the treatment of bumblebee pollination and plant growth regulators, the yield of eggplant was good at bumblebee pollination with tomatotone flower spray at blooming time, and was good at foliage spray on the treatment of tomatotone and $GA_3$, and was good at flower clusters spray on the treatment of tomatotone. According to the treatment of bumblebee pollination and plant growth regulators, the ratio of marketable fruit was good at pollination bumblebee with tomatotone spray on the day they flowered, was good at foliage spray on the treatment of tomatotone and $GA_3$, and was good at flower clusters spray on the treatment of tomatotone. On the mineral element contents of eggplant stems, the contents of total nitrogen were good at tomatotone flower spray at blooming time, the ones of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium were good at tomatotone foliage spray the rate of three days, the ones of calcium were good at tomatotone flower spray in two or three days before flowering, and ones of ash were good at tomatotone flower spray at blooming time, foliage spray the rate of three days. On the mineral element contents of eggplant fruits, the contents of total nitrogen were good at tomatotone and $GA_3$ foliage spray the rate of six days, the ones of phosphorus were good at tomatotone foliage spray the rate of three days, the ones of potassium, ash were good at tomatotone and $GA_3$ flower spray at blooming time, and the ones of calcium, magnesium were good at tomatotone an $GA_3$ flower spray in two or three days before flowering.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.828-833
• /
• 2002

Thirty mature pregnant ewes of the Phan Rang breed with an initial live weight of 30 to 45 kg were used to compare the effects of three different diets in late pregnancy on ewe and lamb performance. All diets contained 20% of whole sugar cane, 16% rice bran, 26% cassava root and 6% molasses urea block. The remaining 32% of dry matter consisted of Jackfruit (JF diet), 16% each of Jackfruit and Cassava foliage (JF+CS diet) or Jackfruit and Flemingia foliage (JF+FM diet). The diets were fed at 3.5% of actual BW of the individual animal. The foliages were offered at 120% of the amount decided in the diets of the requirements. The JF+CS diet resulted in significantly higher feed intake than the JF diet, and also a higher feed intake than the JF+FM diet, but this difference was not significant. The ewe weight changes during the last 8 weeks of pregnancy, or from start to 24 h after lambing, were significantly different. The highest weight gain was obtained from the ewes fed the JF+CS diet. Diets had no effect on weight changes of ewes during 3 weeks after lambing but a significant effect on the litter birth weight, with the JF+CS diet giving the highest litter birth weight. There was, however, no effect on the litter weight at 21 days or litter growth rate from birth to 21 days due to the experimental diets.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1144-1149
• /
• 2011

The occurrence of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) advance growth has been noticed in the deciduous oak forest being adjacent to the mature Korean pine plantation. the korean pine seedlings in the forest were regenerated naturally from harvested and transported Korean pine seeds and cones by rodents, mainly red squirrels. Mongolian oak (Quercus bariabilis), which formed dominant overstory, had close-to-normal distributions of height, diameter and age classes. Korean pine, which dominated the understory, had the reverse J-shaped height, diameter and age distributions that are expected of a shade tolerant species. Growing in the summer shade of the oak, Korean pine seedling had slow, but steady height growth during the past four decades. Total biomass of Korean pine seedling ranged from $2,835-8,541kg\;ha^{-1}$ and biomass allocation of Korean pine seedling was follows : stem (with bark) > foliage > branches > roots. Korean pine seedlings allocated more biomass to foliage and branches compare to planted Korean pine. The smaller root/shoot ratio of Korean pine seedling in the site is to believed to be result of competition for light. Contents of N and K for Korean pine seedling were greatest in foliage follow by branches, stem ad roots, while content of P was greater in the order of foliage > roots > stem > branches.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.66-74
• /
• 2008

Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of replacing a conventional concentrate with mixed cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage and legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) foliage. In Exp. 1, three rumen fistulated crossbred cows were used for in sacco rumen degradability studies. In vitro gas production was also studied. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred F2 heifers (Red Sindhi$\times$Holstein Friesian), with initial live weight of $129{\pm}6kg$ and aged six months, were allocated in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to evaluate a mixture (ratio 3:1) of cassava and legume foliage (CA-LE feed) as a protein source compared to a traditional concentrate feed (Control) in diets based on fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and urea treated rice straw ad libitum. The Control feed was replaced by the CA-LE feed at levels of 0% (Control), 40% (CA-LE40), and 60% (CA-LE60) based on dry matter (DM). The in sacco degradation of CA-LE feed was higher than Control feed (p<0.05). After 48 h incubation the degradation of CA-LE feed and Control feed was 73% vs. 58% of DM and 83% vs. 65% of CP, respectively. The gas production of CA-LE feed was also significantly higher than of Control feed during the first 12 h of incubation. The results of the performance study (Exp. 2) showed that the level of CA-LE feed in the concentrate had no effect on total dry matter intake (p>0.05), but live weight gains (LWG) in CA-LE40 and CA-LE60 were significantly higher (551 and 609 g/d, respectively) than in the Control group (281 g/d). The intake of CP was higher (p<0.05) for the treatments CA-LE40 and CA-LE60 (556 and 590 g/d, respectively) compared to that of Control (458 g/d), while there was no significant difference in ME intake. The feed conversion ratio was 16.8, 9.0 and 7.9 kg DM/kg LWG in Control, CA-LE40 and CA-LE60, respectively. The feed cost of CA-LE40 and CA-LE60 corresponded to 43% and 35%, respectively, of the feed cost of Control feed. The best results were found when CA-LE feed replaced 60% of DM in Control feed and considerably decreased feed cost. It is concluded that feeding cassava foliage in combination with Phaseolus calcaratus legume as a protein supplement could be a potentially valuable strategy which leads to reduced feed costs and a more sustainable system in smallholder dairy production in Vietnam.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.1
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 1998

We measured seedling growth, foliar nutrient and extract concentrations of 3-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings growing in a nursery following a single fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen plus phosphorus (N+P) fertilizers. Fertilization did not change foliage, stem and root biomass of the seedlings except for the high N+P treatment, Foliar N and P concentrations following fertilization varied according to the amount of fertilizers. In general, foliar N and P concentrations increased with fertilization, but fertilization with 400kg N/ha and 100kg P/ha decreased foliar N and P concentrations, respectively. Seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations showed that N and P were the growth-limiting nutrients in our study site. It was found that fertilization reduced the concentrations of secondary metabolites (Ginkgo flavon glycosides and terpene lactones) in foliages. It seemed there was a relationship between foliage biomass production and secondary chemicals in G. biloba seedlings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2009

This study intends to examine the influence of foliage treatment and seed treatment on the suppression of the succulent growth of tomato seedlings, and further, to clarify the proper way of suppressing the succulent growth of tomatoes. For the foliage treatment, the time and the concentration of diniconazol treatment were considered, and for the seed treatment, the soaking time was considered. As a result of examining the stem elongation of tomatoes based on the time and the concentration of diniconazol treatment, suppression of stem elongation and internodal length was found in step 1, 2, and 3. Plants absorb more quantity of a chemical when they are young, so a good chemical effect was found. In step 1, the number of suppressed nodes was 4, which was decreased to 3 in step 2 and to 2 in step 3. As a result of examining the influence of chemical tenacity on stem elongation, $5\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in step 1 and 2 showed the suppression of stem elongation after chemical treatment, but it became recovered fast after a particular time, compared with others. In step 3, the period of stem elongation suppression was short and they were recovered fast. In step 1, the effect of chemical tenacity was found for 5 weeks, but in step 2 and 3, it lasted for 4 weeks respectively. After raising seedlings was finished, they got planted and the quantity of living bodies increased fast so there was no significant difference in breeding from non-treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.931-938
• /
• 2012

The effects were investigated of different lengths and numbers of slitwalls in drainless containers on growth and change in soil moisture volumes on the growth of Diffenbachia amoena 'Marianne' and Begonia rex. Drainless containers filled with amended soil, with square shape ($240mm{\times}240mm$) were used, as well as three different sets of slitwalls (2, 4 or 8, respectively) in addition to non-slitwall containers. Two indoor foliage plants were grown in slitwall containers in randomized blocks with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions, from March to September, 2009. Soil moisture volumes per container were measured by weighing containers every 2 hours during the day. The change in soil moisture volumes showed considerable differences among slitwalls tested in comparison to control containers before and after twice-weekly irrigation. Particularly, the differences in the S2 (195mm, slitwall 2) containers were significantly greater than other containers tested. For Diffenbachia amoena 'Marianne', plant height, length of leaf, dry weight and fresh weight were higher with S2 containers than with those grown in other containers tested. The Begonia rex with the best quality in terms of plant height, length of leaf and width of leaf was grown in S8 (360mm, slitwall 8) containers. Particularly, statistical analysis has indicated that shoot fresh weights of Begonia rex grown in S8 were 3-fold higher than those grown in CS8 containers. The different results obtained within the two species led us to hypothesize a species-specific influence on indoor foliage plant performance. However, plants of both species grown in slitwall containers showed good results compared with plants grown in non-slitwall containers.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2004

A disease causing blights on leaves, stems, flowers, and pods of Vinca (Catharanthus roseus L.) was occurred in Aug. 2003 in Chengdo Peach Experiment Station. A species of Phytophthora was isolated from the diseased tissues. The causal fungus was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae on the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity. Sporangia were ovoid to spherical, noncaducous, prominently papillate and averaged 38.0${\times}$31.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in dimension. Chlamydospores were abundantly produced on agar media and sized about 30.5 fm in diameter, The fungus was heterothallic and Al mating type. Oospores were measured 23.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was 25 to 3$0^{\circ}C$. This is the first report of occurrence of foliage blight of Vinca caused by P. nicotianae in Korea.