• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2006

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is common in the genitourinary tract. The gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer has been cystoscopy, along with urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive and relatively expensive technique. By comparison, urine cytology is easy to perform and specific for a diagnosis of bladder cancer, although less sensitive, especially in low-grade tumors. For this reason, there has been a need for superior noninvasive technology to increase our confidence in being able to detect bladder cancer. There are many reports of the various urinary tests that are available to facilitate the diagnosis. In this article, I reviewed the literature on urinary markers and tests that may be clinically useful, including fluorescence in situ hybridization, uCyt+/Immunocyte, the $BTA^{(R)}$ test, the NMP 22TM, the $FDP^{(R)}$ test, the telomerase activity test, the HA and HAse tests, and flow cytometry. Most of these tests have a higher sensitivity and specificity than cytology. However, urine cytology has the highest specificity, especially in individuals with a high-grade tumor. We conclude that no urinary markers or tests can replace the role of cystoscopy along with cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. However, some markers could be used adjunctively to increase the diagnostic accuracy during screening or during the postoperative follow-up examination of patients with bladder cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-375
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• 2020

Selective accumulation of a photosensitizer and the subsequent response in only the light-irradiated target are advantages of photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The limited depth of the therapeutic effect is a positive characteristic when treating surface malignancies, such as peritoneal carcinomatosis. For photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), adjunctive use of aminolevulinic acid- protoporphyrin IX-guided fluorescence imaging detects cancer nodules, which would have been missed during assessment using white light visualization only. Furthermore, since few side effects have been reported, this has the potential to become a vital component of diagnostic laparoscopy. A variety of photosensitizers have been examined for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and treatment protocols are heterogeneous in terms of photosensitizer type and dose, photosensitizer-light time interval, and light source wavelength, dose, and dose rate. Although several studies have suggested that PDT has favorable effects in peritoneal carcinomatosis, clinical trials in more homogenous patient groups are required to identify the true benefits. In addition, major complications, such as bowel perforation and capillary leak syndrome, need to be reduced. In the long term, PDD and PDT are likely to be successful therapeutic options for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, with several options to optimize the photosensitizer and light delivery parameters to improve safety and efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.232-236
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• 1991

The efficacy of berberine sulphate, a fluorochrome having binding properties with both DNA and RNA, was investigated for the detection of mycoplasma-like organisms(MLOs) in jujube(Zizyphus jujuba), paulownia(Paulownia tomentosa), mulberry(Morus alba) trees and periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plant. When examined under fluorescence microscope, berberine sulphate-stained sections of diseased samples showed distinct MLO-specific fluorescent particles in the phloem area, while such fluorescence was absent in the healthy ones. This staining technique was proved to be a very accurate method for the diagnosis of MLO infections in woody and herbaceous plants. Furthermore, the cheap and easy procedure could be used to test a great number of samples on MLO infections with reliability and rapidity.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2016

This article reports the development of biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (BPLP)-based nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating either magnetic nanoparticles (BPLP-MNPs) or gadopentate dimeglumine (BPLP-Gd NPs), for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study is to compare these nanoparticles in terms of their surface properties, fluorescence intensities, MR imaging capabilities, and in vitro characteristics to choose the most promising dual-imaging nanoprobe. Results indicate that BPLP-MNPs and BPLP-Gd NPs had a size of $195{\pm}43nm$ and $161{\pm}55nm$, respectively and showed good stability in DI water and 10% serum for 5 days. BPLP-Gd NPs showed similar fluorescence as the original BPLP materials under UV light, whereas BPLP-MNPs showed comparatively less fluorescence. VSM and MRI confirmed that the NPs retained their magnetic properties following encapsulation within BPLP. Further, in vitro studies using HPV-7 immortalized prostate epithelial cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) showed > 70% cell viability up to $100{\mu}g/ml$ NP concentration. Dose-dependent uptake of both types of NPs by PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells was also observed. Thus, our results indicate that BPLP-Gd NPs would be more appropriate for use as a dual-imaging probe as the contrast agent does not mask the fluorescence of the polymer. Future studies would involve in vivo imaging following administration of BPLP-Gd NPs for biomedical applications including cancer detection.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2015

This study used sodium fluorescein to improve imaging diagnostic ability by increasing the fluorescence difference between sound enamel and caries lesions. It also made it easier to discriminate between stain and caries lesions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Half of the specimen surface was covered with nail varnish as a control. Specimens were divided randomly in six decalcification groups and decalcified for different lengths of time. Then, ${\Delta}F$ was measured using QLF-D. After applying 0.075% sodium fluorescein, we measured ${\Delta}F$ again and compared it with the initial value. After cutting the central portion of the specimen, we measured the lesion depth using scanning electron microscopy. The lesion surfaces observed with QLF were darker than normal enamel, whereas they were lighter than normal enamel after applying fluorescein. Longer decalcification time was associated with greater fluorescent dye penetration. The ${\Delta}F$ measured after applying fluorescein was higher than the initial value (p < 0.05). Due to QLF measurement using fluorescein being more sensitive for diagnosing early decalcification, this approach will enable early diagnosis of dental caries before the cavity formation stage, allowing the treatment of early caries lesions. With QLF and sodium fluorescein, we can easily discriminate between stain and caries lesions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.646-648
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• 2021

The syntheses and properties of polynuclear metal complexes have been reported to develop the easy syntheses and noble photo-characteristics of those complexes for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) or photodynamic therapy (PDT). We have been focused on the design and synthesis of polynuclear lanthanide dendritic molecule due to long life time of fluorescence. Therefore, we will be presented on the design of home (Eu or Gd) or hetero (Tb or Lu) polynuclear lanthanide dendritic molecule.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.300-304
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• 2011

Optical microscopes are widely used for medical imaging these days, but biopsy is a lengthy process that causes many problems during the ex-vivo imaging procedure. The endo-microscope has been studied to increase accessibility to the human body and to get in-vivo images to use for medical diagnosis. This research proposes a multi-modal confocal endo-microscope for bio-medical imaging. We introduce the design process for a small endoscopic probe and a coupling mechanism for the probe to make the multi-modal confocal endo-microscope. The endoscopic probe was designed to decrease chromatic and spherical aberrations, which deteriorate the images obtained with the conventional GRIN lens. Fluorescence and reflectance images of various samples were obtained with the proposed endo-microscope. We evaluated the performance of the proposed endo-microscope by analyzing the acquired images, and demonstrate the possibilities of in-vivo medical imaging for early diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2003

The R.C Building will be superannuated as time passes. This program is generated by propagation of cracks. In order to manage such cracks, time and efforts, expense, etc. are required. In this study, glass sensors were embedding in a model beam and column and leakage of fluorescence and adhesive material was investigated. Further, currents in glass pipe were observed to find the leakage of liquid in glass pipes. Progressive cracks generated by cause the fracture of glass pipes. Therefore, the liquid become to flow and electric current stops, and the cracked part of the member can be found easily. Moreover, the adhesive delays progressive cracking system that responds in air, and the life of a structure can be made to extend. The purpose of this research is to develop of low price sensors that can perform of self-diagnosis in addition to ability of concrete repair concrete to damage.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2000

The purpose of study was to measure the interrater reliability of the newly developed caries diagnostic instrument, Diagnodent(KaVo, Germany), using a new laser fluorescence techinique. One hundred and three extracted human premolars and molars were examined by Diagnodent, three times for fissures and five times for smooth surfaces. There was no significant difference among the three fissure means, but two combinations showed significant differences among the five smooth surface means. Correlation coefficients of Pearson and Spearman were all above 0.9(P<0.01). The $\alpha$ values from reliability analysis were 0.9980 or 0.9981 for fissures and 0.9992 for smooth surfaces.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2017

Purpose: Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EOE) of the rectum is extremely rare: only three cases have been reported in the literature and none of these reports described their imaging findings in detail. Herein, we describe the tumor imaging and pathological features in detail. Materials and Methods: We report a case of rectal EOE in a 72-year-old female who received local excision and was provisionally diagnosed with a rectal submucosal spindle cell tumor. We used immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize the tumor and provide a definitive diagnosis of EOE. Results: MRI revealed a well-demarcated submucosal tumor with heterogeneous enhancement and hemorrhagic foci in rectum. EOE was diagnosed by positive staining of tumor cells for CD99 and Fli-1 by immunohistochemistry and the presence of the EWSR1 gene translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although the patient underwent radiation treatment and surgery, the tumor recurred after 4 months as revealed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Rectal EOE may present as a rectal submucosal tumor. The understanding of imaging and histological characteristics of this tumor are critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate aggressive treatment.