• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1996

Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. This mycosis is best known for meningeal involvement, yet, this disease rarely can be limited to the lungs. The usual portal of entry is respiratory tract. The recently rising incidence of the disease can be attributable to wide use of steroid, immunosuppressive agents and advent of AIDS. We experienced one case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in healthy person, who was admitted to the our hospital because of cough. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in the sputum, and lung tissue obtained by CT guide needle aspiration biopsy. Clinical improvement was noted after 6weeks of medical therapy with fluconazole.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2012

Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection, which is more common in immunocompromised patients. However, pulmonary cryptococcosis can occur in immunocompetent patients and should be considered on a differential diagnosis for nodular or mass-like lesions in chest radiograph. Recently, we experienced a patient with pulmonary cryptococcosis, successfully treated with oral fluconazole therapy. A 74-year-old female patient was referred for an evaluation of abnormal images, a large consolidative mass with multiple nodular consolidations and small nodules that mimics primary lung cancer with multiple lung to lung metastases. Computed tomography-guided lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. The follow-up image taken after 4 months with oral fluconazole treatment showed marked improvement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to determine tile inhibitory effect of granitic powder against Microsporum canis. Fourteen strains of M. canis isolated from dgs and cats with fungal dermatitis and two strains isolated from humans were used in this study. The in vitro antifungal activities of granitic powder and 5 commercialized antifungal agents (terbinafine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin and fluconazole) were compared. The antifungal effect was measured by the broth microdilution method and was expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC value of the granitic powder was ranged from 31.3 to 250mg/ml. Terbinafine showed the lowest MIC value among the 5 commercial antifungal agents $(0.0078-0.125{\mu}g/ml)$, while fluconazole showed the highest MIC values $(125-1,000{\mu}g/ml)$. The MIC range of itraconazole, griseofuvin and ketoconazole were $0.125-0.5{\mu}g/ml\;0.625-5{\mu}g/ml$ and $10-40{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The Geometric mean(GM) MIC values of terbinafine and ketoconazole against M. canis isolated from human were $0.0078{\mu}g/ml\;and\;10{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, while the GM MIC values of these agents against M. canis isolated from animals were $0.063{\mu}g/ml\;and\;31.4{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Other antifungal agents did not show any significant differences in antifungal activity against M. canis of animal or human origin. Although granitic powder was shown to have antifungal activity, it was much lower than that of the 5 commercialized antifungal agents.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2018

Background: Previous studies have noted that the simultaneous use of sulfonylureas and antimicrobials, which is common, could increase the risk of hypoglycemia. In particular, an age of 65 years or older is a known risk factor for sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Therefore, we performed this study to determine the potential risk of hypoglycemia from the concurrent use of antimicrobials and sulfonylureas. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2013. The eligibility criteria included patients of 65 years of age or older taking a sulfonylurea with 25 different antimicrobials. Different risk ratings of severity in drug-drug interactions (potential DDIs), level X, D, or C in Lexi-$Interact^{TM}$ online, and contraindicated, major, or moderate severity level in $Micromedex^{(R)}$ were included. SAS version 9.4 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 6,006 elderly patients with 25,613 prescriptions were included. The largest age group was 70 to 74 (32.7%), and 39.7% of patients were men. The mean number of prescriptions was 4.3 per patient. The most frequently used antimicrobials were levofloxacin (6,583, 25.7%), ofloxacin (6,549, 25.6%), fluconazole (4,678, 18.0%), and ciprofloxacin (2,551, 9.8%). Among sulfonylureas, glimepiride was prescribed most frequently, followed by gliclazide, glibenclamide, and glipizide. Conclusion: Of the antimicrobials with a high potential of hypoglycemia, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin were used frequently. Thus, the monitoring of clinically relevant interactions is required for patients concurrently administered sulfonylureas and antimicrobials.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1999

The fungistatic and fungicidal activities of amphotericin B, fluconazole, miconazole, econazole, and 5-fluorocytosine against Saccharomyces cerevisiae were estimated in the presence of 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 1/2 minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of polygodial, respectively. Among them, the antifungal activities of miconazoles by polygodial was still shown against several yeast-like fungi including Candida albicans, Candida utilis, Cryptococcus neoformans, except for Candida krusei. The combination of polygodial with imidazole drugs against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was further examined using the macrobroth dilution checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and the fractional fungicidal concentration (FFC) index between polygodial and miconazole were 0.16 and 0.19, while the combination of polygodial with econazole exhibited the FIC index of 0.19 and the FFC of 0.25, respectively. These results suggest that polygodial and the imidazoles on the fungistatic and fungicidal action are highly synergistic.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.135-137
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• 2017

A 5-year-old castrated male Chinchilla Persian cat weighing 4.84 kg was referred for hematuria. The cat had a history of urethrostomy and bacterial cystitis. In urine culture, Candida glabrata was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Based on these results, the cat was diagnosed with Candida cystitis. Subsequently, oral administration of fluconazole was initiated. Urine culture was negative at 31 days after administration. This case describes the diagnosis and treatment of Candida glabrata infection of urinary bladder in a cat with a history of urethrostomy.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

The antifungal activities of the bee venom against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum were determined by using modified broth dilution assay. The most common dermatophytes, named T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, were known to cause a variety of cutaneous infections in humans and animals. The bee venom exhibited prominent antifungal activities against the two dermatophytes tested in this investigation. Moreover, the antifungal activities of the bee venom were much stronger than that of fluconazole, one of the commercial antifungal drugs used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The result suggests that bee venom could be developed as a natural antifungal drug.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2008

A simple, efficient and cost effective method is described for the synthesis of Biginelli type heterocyclic compounds of dihydropyrimidinones analogous. They were prepared from a reaction mixture consisting of substituted benzaldehydes, thiourea and ethylacetoacetate using ammonium dihydrogenphosphate as catalyst. The procedure for the preparation of the compounds is environmentally benign and safe which is advantageous in terms of experimentation, catalyst reusability, yields of the products, shorter reaction times and preclusion of toxic solvents. The four new synthesised compounds were tested for their antifungal activity. They have good antifungal activity comparing to the standard (Fluconazole).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-330
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• 1993

A series of 2-chloro and 2-bromo-3-(substituted)-1, 4-naphthalenedione derivatives (1-25) were tested for antifungal and antibacterial activities in vitro against Candida albicans 10231 aand Local, Aspergillus niger KCTC 1231, Tricophyton mentagrophytes KCTC 6085, Fusarium oxysporium KTCC 6501, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas arruginosa NCTC 10490, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6358p, Escherichia coli NIHJ and Acinetobacter baumanii Local. The MiC values were determined by twofold afar diution/streak method. Among thee derivatives, 1, 9, 20, 21, 23 and 25 showed more potent antifungal activities than fluconazole. 20 and 23 completely inhibited the gorwth of fungi, such as Candida albicans, Aspegillus niger, Ticophyton mentagrophytes and fusarium oxysporium, at $3.2\;\mu{g/ml}$. Also some derivatives had the antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-123
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• 2019

Urinary tract infection is common in the pediatric population. The most common causative agents are bacteria, among which Escherichia coli is the most frequent uropathogen. Although fungal urinary tract infection is rare in the healthy pediatric population, it is relatively common among hospitalized patients. Fungus may be isolated from the urine of immunocompromised patients or that of patients with indwelling catheters. The most common cause of funguria is Candida albicans. Although more than 50% of Candida isolates belong to non-albicans Candida, the prevalence of non-albicans candiduria is increasing. Herein, we report a case of community-acquired candiduria in a 4-month-old immunocompetent male infant who had bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and was administered antibiotic prophylaxis. He was diagnosed with urinary tract infection caused by Candida lusitaniae and was managed with fluconazole.