• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

This study is proposed to the effects of interval training by different intensity on body fat, flexibility, agility, quickness, and maximal oxygen consumption. A total of 30 healthy men voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomized to moderate aerobic exercise(n=15) and high-intensity interval training groups(n=15). Exercise programs lasted for six weeks, with each session occurring four times per week for 50 minutes per session. There were significant differences in fat and physical fitness according to flexibility, agility, quickness, and maximal oxygen consumption within the high-intensity interval training groups(p<.05). For the moderate aerobic exercise group, there was a significant difference in fat, flexibility, maximal oxygen consumption(p<.05). There were significant differences between groups for fat, flexibility, agility and quickness(p<.05). Therefore using high-intensity interval training will significantly benefit obese young men in musculoskeletal capacity and quickness.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on muscle strength, balance, flexibility and bone mineral density among community dwelling elderly women. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent comparison group was utilized, Elderly women were recruited from the community settings and assigned to either the treatment group (n=30) or the comparison group (n=34). Both groups completed the pretest and the posttest measures at six months with an 29.7% of dropouts. Tai Chi exercise was performed for 60 minutes, three times a week for 24 weeks. The study participants were referred to the sports clinic of the university hospital where an exercise therapist and a technician measured muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and bone mineral density without the knowledge of the group assignment. Data were collected from June 14, 2010 to May 27, 2011. Results: At the completion of 6 month Tai Chi exercise, the experimental group showed a significant difference in knee flexor strength (t=3.26 p=.002), flexibility (t=-2.93, p=.005), and bone mineral density in femur (t=2.20, p=.032), compared to the control group. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise could be performed safely to community dwelling elderly women and effective for preventing declining in physical function in this population. Whether or not this health benefits would lead fall prevention will require further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of unilateral static stretching on the flexibility and symmetry of the lower leg, and temporal gait variables in gait asymmetry people. METHODS: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided into a unilateral static stretching group (USG, n = 10) and control group (CON, n = 10). The USG performed unilateral static stretching for 60 minutes, three times a week, and eight weeks. The flexibility of the lower leg (SR), and symmetry (BR), and temporal gait variables (Step length; SL, gait speed; GS) were measured before, after four and eight weeks of unilateral static stretching. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured SL value. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. RESULTS: SR and BR in the dominant and non-dominant side, and GS were increased significantly at USG after eight-weeks compared to before unilateral static stretching (p < .05). The difference in BR in the dominant and non-dominant side, and step length (SI) decreased significantly at USG after eight-weeks compared to before unilateral static stretching (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Unilateral static stretching improves the flexibility and symmetry of the lower leg, and temporal gait variables in gait asymmetry people.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2021

Background: This study investigated the effects of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) technique on lower back pain and pain disability among university students with lower back pain. Methods: A total thirty 20~30 year old university students with lower back pain were divided into two groups. A lumbar flexibility exercise was applied to the control group (n=15). The SNAGS technique group (n=15) received L1~L4 segment mobilization using SNAGS technique. Intervention was implemented for 20 minutes, 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The SNAGS were performed using belt with flexion and extension, whereas lumbar flexibility exercise included lumbar flexion and extension. Lower back disability was measured using the Korean Oswestry disability index (KODI), and pain sensitivity was measured by pain pressure threshold (PPT). The groups were assessed for lower back pain disability and pain, before and after the intervention. Results: There were significant improvements in both the KODI and PPT of the SNAGS technique group (p<.05), while the lumbar flexibility exercise group showed no significant change (p>.05). In addition, the SNAGS technique group had a statistically significant difference in KODI and PPT compared to the lumbar flexibility exercise group (p<.05). Conclusion: SNAGS technique is more effective than lumbar spine joint flexibility exercise in the improvement of lower back pain disability and pain among university students with lower back pain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Straight leg lifts (SLL) and double leg lowering (DLL) exercise on abdominal muscle activity, visual analog scale (VAS), and flexibility in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Methods : A total of 30 LBP patients were divided into two groups: those with SLL exercise group 15 (male=8, female=7) and those with DLL exercise group 15 (male=7, female=8). Before the intervention, the abdominal muscle activity, VAS, and flexibility were measured. After 4 weeks of intervention, the above variables were measured in the same way. The SLL exercise bends the leg $45^{\circ}$ in the supine position, and the DLL exercise was performed as opposed to SLL. At this time, the pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) was placed behind the lumbar to reduce the instability of the pelvis and muscles. The subjects were instructed to use the PBU to maintain the target pressure determined (40 mmHg) during the exercise. Results : The external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) were significantly different in the SLL and DLL group, and EO, IO, and TrA activity improved more significantly increased in the DLL than SLL group (p<.05). The results on the VAS and flexibility were significantly different both group (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference between the groups (p>.05). Conclusion : SLL and DLL exercises in patients with LBP were able to confirm the increased activity of the abdominal muscles, decreased pain, and increased flexibility of the waist. In addition, DLL exercise is more effective in patients with LBP in terms of muscle activity.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

Background: To study the effect of the home exercise program on pain, flexibility, endurance of extensor in chronic back pain patients, and suggest optimal method for home exercise program. Methods: I divided into two groups who has chronic back pain; one is control group who was given a treatment at the hospital only and the other is experimental group who did another exercise after treatment at the hospital, and there were 10 people in each group. The manual therapy were given to all the patients in each group after applying a stupe and an electric treatment, but the experimental group conducted another exercise program at homes. All the exercise programs were applied to patients 12 times for 4 weeks totally. Result: SPSS for win version 12 was used for statistic analysis and independent t-test was used to find changes between two groups. VAS scale was used to show changes in pain between each group. The grade of pain was decreased between pre&post test to -5.60 in control group and -4.80 in experimental group but there wasn't significant difference between each group. Finger tip-to-floor test was used for the flexibility changes and it was increased between pre&post test in both groups but the change of flexibility between each groups didn't show statistical difference. Biering-Sorensen test was used to measure the endurance of extensor and it was increased between pre&post test in both groups but there wasn't significant difference between each group. Conclusion: As you read the results above, for a chronic low back pain patient, application of the manual therapy showed that it has effect on decrease of low back pain, increase of flexibility and endurance of extensor. However, the effect of home exercise treatment was not sure about improvements for chronic low back pain patient. So I think there should need further study about the effect of home exercise treatment except the treatments at hospital and the thorough education for the exercise of lumbar should be done before the study for the accurate experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.839-847
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of ankle flexibility, gender, and Q-angle on the ankle joint injury factors during one leg drop landing. For this study, 16 males(age: 20.19±1.78 years, mass: 69.54±10.12 kg, height: 173.22±4.43 cm) and 16 females(age: 21.05±1.53 years, mass: 61.75±6.97 kg, height: 159.34±4.56 cm) in their 20's majoring in physical education using the right foot as their dominant feet were selected as subjects. First, an independent t-test of joint motion and joint moment according to the experience of ankle injury was conducted to determine the effect of physical characteristics on ankle joint injury during one leg drop landing(α = .05). Second, the variable that showed a significant difference through t-test was set as the dependent variable, and the ankle flexibility, gender difference, and Q-angle were designated as independent variables to use Multiple Linear Regression(α =. 05). As a result of this study, it was found that the group that experienced an ankle joint injury was found to use a landing strategy and technique through adduction of the ankle joint and internal rotation of the knee joint, unlike the group without an injury. It was also confirmed that this movement increases the extension moment of the ankle joint and decreases the extension moment of the hip joint. In particular, it was found that the dorsi flexion flexibility of the ankle affects the ankle and knee landing strategy, and the gender difference affects the ankle extension moment. Therefore, it was confirmed that physical characteristics factors affecting ankle joint injuries during one leg drop landing.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability and a common musculoskeletal disorder encountered at some point in life. Dysfunction of the lumbar vertebrae has been associated with decreased flexibility of the hamstrings, which exhibited a strong positive correlation with LBP. Hamstring tension affects lumbar pelvic rhythm. We aimed to activate pelvic stability with compression by Active Therapeutic Movement (ATM), muscle energy technique (MET) was applied to increase the flexibility of the hamstring. Objects: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MET with ATM and general MET were applied to the hamstring of adults, who were in their twenties with nor without LBP, on their pelvic inclination and the length of their hamstring. Methods: A total of 32 subjects were briefed about the purpose of this study and agreed to participate voluntarily. Before the experiment, all subjects were pre-examined, and they were divided into an LBP group and a no lower back pain group accordingly. Thereafter, all subjects participated in both in a crossover manner. After at least one week, they switched to another group and participated in the same experiment. Results: The study results revealed that both groups demonstrated significant results in the modified active knee extension test (p < 0.01) and the sit and reach test (p < 0.01) performed to assess the hamstring flexibility; an interaction (p < 0.05) was noted. Moreover, a more significant difference was observed between the MET with ATM and the general MET. Although significant results were obtained for the pelvic inclination (p < 0.01), interaction was not noted. Conclusion: Conclusively, in this study, when the MET with ATM was applied to the two groups, there was a significant difference compared to the general MET for hamstring flexibility, but it was confirmed that there was no significant difference for the pelvic inclination.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.318-331
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• 2021

This study was conducted on the assumption that bone age would be more effective when it comes to physique and physical fitness assessment for adolescents, and the purpose of this study was to identify the differences in physique and physical fitness for students in their adolescence through bone age and chronological age in order to contribute to the well-balanced physique and physical fitness development in adolescents and the health improvement in students. Total 874 adolescents(483 males, 391 females) aged 11~16 were selected as subjects out of the total population of 1100 adolescents aged 6~16 based on the PAPS(Physical Activity Promotion System) and age standards of the TW3 method; and skeletal maturation, which symbolize the indicators of biological maturation, were evaluated by using the TW3(Tanner-Whitehouse 3) method after hand-wrist radiographs, and birth date was used for chronological age. A stadiometer and InBody 270 (Biospace, Korea) were used to measure 2 components in physique. A total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, cardiovascular endurance, balance, agility, were measured as well. A independent samples t-test was conducted for data processing using SPSS 25.0, and the significance level was set at p< .05. The study results are as follows. First, bone age and chronological age used for physique comparison in males aged 11 and 12, height and weight showed significant difference; in males aged 13, weight showed signicant difference. Weight and height in females aged 11, and height in females aged 12 showed significant difference. Second, bone age and chronological age used for physical fitness comparison in males aged 11, muscular strength, power, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance showed significant difference; in males aged 12, muscular strength. power, cardiovascular endurance; in males aged 13, flexibility showed significant difference. Muscular strength, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance in females aged 11, and flexibility in females aged 14 showed significant difference. As a result, this study concluded that in a period of rapid skeletal growth, evaluating physique and physical fitness based on bone age is more accurate than evaluating based on chronological age.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.755-767
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• 2014

Recently, many firms have introduced information and communication technology (ICT) into supply chain. However, existing studies have not yet insisted definite conclusion with respect to ICT impact on supply chain. Thus, this study subdivides supply chain performance which previous researchers have studied comprehensively while suggesting perspective of the use of firm's ICT capabilities. We classify ICT capabilities into four types of group and then analyze the difference between groups regarding each factor of supply chain performance by ANOVA analysis and Tukey method. As a result of analysis, the group in which all ICT capabilities are high shows the highest level of integration and flexibility performance among supply chain performances. On the other hand, the group in which all ICT capabilities are low presents the lowest level of integration and flexibility performance. We also provide more precise and specific information with practitioners by analyzing the difference between groups with regard to detailed measurements on integration and flexibility variables.