• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2019

동결건조된 쌍별귀뚜라미 분말을 4%(w/v)의 기질용액으로 제조한 후, 기질 대비 단백질 가수분해 효소(alcalase, flavourzyme, neutrase, bromelain, papain)를 1%(w/v) 첨가 하여 24시간 가수분해시킨 단백가수분해물을 제조하였다. 각 효소별 가수분해물을 이용하여 SDS-PAGE와 available amino group 함량을 측정하여 확인한 결과, flavourzyme 단백가수분해물이 가장 높은 가수분해도를 보인 반면 bromelain과 papain은 상대적으로 낮은 가수분해도를 보였다. 가수분해도가 높았던 3종의 효소(alcalase, flavourzyme, neutrase)를 이용하여 제조한 단백가수분해물을 각각 한외여과막을 통해 분자량 3 kDa 이하로 분리한 후 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성의 경우 flavourzyme이 항산화 활성이 가장 우수하였으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 neutrase, flavourzyme 및 alcalase 단백가수분해물 순으로 높게 나타났다. $H_2O_2$ 소거활성은 alcalase와 flavourzyme 단백가수분해물이 neutrase 단백가수분해물에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, FRAP법은 flavourzyme, alcalase, neutrase 단백가수분해물 순으로 높게 나타났다. 저분자 펩타이드 생산 효율이 가장 높았던 쌍별귀뚜라미 flavourzyme 단백가수분해물을 이용하여 농도별 linoleic acid 과산화 억제 활성을 측정한 결과 농도 의존적으로 유의적인 과산화 억제 활성을 보였다. 최종적으로 본 연구를 통해 고단백질 소재인 쌍별귀뚜라미로부터 여러 단백분해효소원들을 이용한 단백가수분해물 제조 특성 및 우수한 항산화 활성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이번 연구는 향후 식용곤충 유래 기능성 식품소재 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 식용곤충 산업 활성화에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

오골계교잡종을 이용한 증탕액을 제조하기 위하여 오골계 교잡종(오골계와 한국재래닭과 로드아일랜드레드종간의 3원교잡)에 단백질분해효소인 Flavourzyme을 각각 0% (Con-trol), 0.1%(T$_2$),0.1%(T$_3$) 및 0.5%(T$_4$)을 첨가하여 45$^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 동안 가수분해한 후 한약재(십전대보)와 재증탕하여 제조한 증탕액의 화학적, 관능적 특징을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 효소 Flavourzyme의 첨가량이 증가할수록 오골계 증탕액의 수분, 단백질, 지방의 함량에는 차이가 없었으나 무기물함량은 증가하였다(P<0.05). 각 성분별 무기물의 함량에서 Na는 효소처리구가 비효소처리구에 비하여 높았으나, 첨가량 증가에 따른 함량의 변화는 없었고, Fe은 효소를 0.1% 처리한 오골계 증탕액의 경우 Iysine, aranine 및 arginin이 많이 검출되었다. 결론적으로 오골계 증탕액에 Flavourzyme 효소를 처리하였을 경우 무기물과 유리아미노산의 함량에 약간의 변화를 가져왔고, 관능검사 결과에서 비교할 때 0.1%첨가까지는 대조구와 맛, 향미 등이 유사함으로써 오골계 증탕액의 제조시 효소 Flavourzyme의 사용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2008

The development of soy cutlets containing textured soy protein (TSP) as a meat analog was studied. In order to decrease the beany flavor and to increase the texture, TSP was treated with 0.3% Flavourzyme or 0.1% Protamex for 10 or 20 min, respectively. The degree of hydrolysis for TSP treated with Protamex was higher than that treated with Flavourzyme. Hydrolysis was observed to increase as the reaction time was increased for both Flavourzyme and Protamex. The water holding capacity of TSP treated with Protamex for 10 min was the highest, and that treated with Flavourzyme for 20 min was similar to that of Protamex treatment for 20 min. The oil binding capacity of TSP treated with Protamex for 20 min was the highest. The hardness of the soy cutlets using TSP treated with Flavourzyme for 10 min was higher than that treated for 20 min, while that of Protamex treated for 20 min was higher than that treated for 10 min. The cohesiveness of the soy cutlets using TSP treated with Flavourzyme or Protamex for 10 min was higher than those treated for 20 min. The chewiness of the soy cutlets treated with Flavourzyme for 10 min was higher than for those treated for 20 min, while those treated with Protamex for 20 min was higher than those treated for 10 min. The springiness of TSP treated with Flavourzyme for 20 min was higher than those treated for 10 min, and higher than those treated with Protamex for 10 or 20 min. For sensory evaluation, the beany flavor of the soy cutlets treated with Protamex for 20 min was the weakest. The flavor and chewiness of both a pork cutlet and a soy cutlet treated with Protamex for 20 min were the best. In the overall quality, soy cutlets treated with Protamex for 20 min was the most desirable. In conclusion, soy cutlets treated with 0.1% Protamex for 20 min could be a reasonable substitute of pork cutlets.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2009

우수한 항산화제로 알려진 astaxanthin을 함유한 H. pluvialis 균체로부터 작용기작이 상이한 exe형과 endo형의 단백질 분해 효소와 복합 다당류 분해 효소를 이용하여 식품용 haematococcus추출물을 효율적으로 제조할 수 있는 방법을 조사하였다. 상업용 단백질 분해 효소로는 Alcalase (endo형)와 Flavourzyme (exe형)을 복합 다당류 분해효소로는 Viscozyme을 사용하였다. 단백질 분해 효소는 endo형과 exe형을 병용하는 것이 추출물의 astaxanthin 함량을 증가시켰다. Viscozyme과 함께 2종류의 단백질 분해 효소를 사용하는 경우에는 Alcalase와 Flavourzyme을 병용하여 1차로 처리한 후 Viscozyme을 2차로 사용하는 2단계 가수분해 방법이 적절하였다. 이 조건에서 astaxanthin 함량은 효소를 사용하지 않은 대조구에 비하여 320% ($529{\mu}g/g{\rightarrow}2,256{\mu}g/g$) 이상 향상되었다. 또한 DPPH법으로 조사한 항산화 활성은 astaxanthin 함량에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 1차로 Alcalase와 Flavourzyme을 병용하여 처리한 후 2차로 Viscozyme을 사용하는 조건에서 가장 우수하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2005

Seven brown algal species (Ecklonia cava, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum coreanum, Sargassum thunbergii and Scytosiphon lomentaria) were hydrolyzed using five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) and screened for angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Most algal species examined showed good ACE inhibitory activities after the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, E. cava was the most potent ACE inhibitor of the seven species. Flavourzyme digest of E. cava exhibited an $IC_{50}$ of around $0.3\;{\mu}g/mL$ for ACE; captopril has an $IC_{50}$ of $\~0.05\;{\mu}g/mL$. The Flavourzyme digest was separated to three fractions by an ultrafiltration membrane (5, 10, 30 kDa MWCO) system according to the molecular weights. The active components were mainly concentrated in >30 kD fraction which are composed of the highest protein content $(27\%)$ and phenolic content (261 mg/100 mL) compared to the other two smaller molecular weight fractions. Therefore, the active compounds appear to be relatively high molecular weight complex molecules associated with protein (glycoprotein) and polyphenols. Therefore, E. cave is a potential source of antihypertensive compound.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2020

Red sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, was dried using three methods-far-infrared ray, vacuum, and freeze drying and then enzymatically hydrolyzed using nine proteases: Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Protamex, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain. In addition, the potential ability of hydrolysates to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was evaluated. The yield of hydrolysates from red sea cucumbers dried using each method was higher than that of the distilled water extract, and protein contents were either similar or higher. The hydrolysates that exhibited inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation, as demonstrated via Oil red O staining, were those obtained by far-infrared ray drying coupled with Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, or Neutrase treatment. In addition to the advantages of far-infrared drying and the characteristics of Flavourzyme, the Flavourzyme hydrolysate of far-infrared-dried red sea cucumber showed the highest inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. In addition, this hydrolysate significantly decreased the expression of the protein factor fatty acid-binding protein 4, which is related to the late differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that Flavourzyme hydrolysates from farinfrared-dried red sea cucumber may be used as a functional food and/or a pharmaceutical ingredient for the inhibition of lipid accumulation.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2009

본 연구는 열수추출법에 의하여 추출한 세리신을 이용하여 단독 또는 2종의 효소를 이용하여 가수분해하고 그 가수분해물의 항산화 및 미백효과를 살펴본 것이다. 여러 산업용효소 중 세리신에 대한 분해효과가 우수한 alcalase, flavourzyme 및 protamex를 이용하여 분해한 결과 세리신의 분자량은 20 ${\sim}$ 30 kDa의 범위로 감소하였으며 사용한 효소별로 특이적 가수분해물이 나타났다. 세리신 가수분해물의 항산화능을 살펴본 결과 원래 세리신에 비하여 DPPH 소거율이 높게 나타났으며 flavourzyme과 protamex를 같이 사용한 경우 약 85 %의 소거율을 나타냈다. 티로시나아제의 활성억제 효과를 살펴본 경우에는 세리신 가수분해물이 오히려 더 낮은 억제효과를 나타내었으나 세리신 가수분해물의 분획을 실시하고 활성억제 효과를 살펴본 결과 F2와 P3의 분획이 상대적으로 우수한 억제 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.625-638
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• 2022

This study aimed to carefully investigate the effect of hydrolysis using Flavourzyme on meat quality, antioxidative status, and taste-related compounds in breast of Samgyetang that was supplemented with black garlic (BG). Four different treatment groups were compared: (1) conventional Samgyetang (control), (2) Samgyetang hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) (FS), (3) Samgyetang made with the BG extract without hydrolysis (NBG), and (4) BG samgyetang pre-treated with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) in a water bath at 55℃ for 2.5 h and hydrolyzed before being processed (HBG). All the treatment groups were cooked by retorting at conditions 121℃ and 1.5 kg/cm² for 1 h. Improved umami profiles through the increase of umami-related nucleotides (5c-GMP, 5'-IMP) and free amino acids-aspartic acid and glumtamic acid, in Samgyetang breast was recorded following hydrolysis. The HBG group tended to impart stronger scavenging activity toward free radicals compared with the other two groups, while not differing with NBG group regarding suppressing malondialdehyde. Textural properties were improved through hydrolysis, wherein the shear force value decreased from 2.29 kgf in the control to 1.19 and 1.25 kgf in the FS and HBG group. Moisture percentages were highly retained, with the redness score increasing and the lightness color decreasing following hydrolysis. In conclusion, the results of this study can be a preliminary information of the effect of hydrolysis pre-treatment for BG samgyetang. Further experiments are required to compare various enzymes along with its organoleptic acceptances.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1359-1363
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was that the optimal hydrolysis conditions of endo- and exo-type enzymes were selected to utilize organic cheese byproducts. Optimal substrate concentration and optimum enzyme ratio were measured by using 4 kinds of endo-type enzymes (alcalase, neutrase, protamex, and foodpro alkaline protease) and two exo-type enzymes (flavourzyme and prozyme 2000P) for whey protein hydrolysis were analyzed using liquid chromatography. As a result, the optimal endo-type enzyme through the first enzyme reaction was selected as alcalse, and as a result of the secondary enzyme reaction, flavourzme was selected as the Exo type enzyme. The concentration of whey protein substrate for optimal primary and secondary enzyme reactions was 10%. In addition, the optimum ratio of enzyme was 0.5% of alcalase and 0.2% of flavourzyme, which showed low molecular weight chromatography pattern compared to 2% of alcalase and 1% of flavourzyme hydrolyzate. Therefore, hydrolyzing the endo-type enzyme alcalase at a concentration of 0.5% for 10 hours and then hydrolyzing the exo-type enzyme flavouryme at a concentration of 0.2% for 4 hours was considered to be the optimum condition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2004

식품 가공의 부산물 중 동물성 부산물을 재활용하여 조미소재로의 개발 가능성을 탐색하였다. 부산물 원료로는 돼지뼈(PB)와 닭뼈(CB), 그리고 참치 혈합육(TDF)을 사용하였다. PB와 CB를 열수로 18시간 추출한 후 단백질과 지방 분해효소를 처리하여 가수분해물을 제조하였다. 각각의 열수 추출물에서 지방의 제거를 위하여 1차로 lipase활성이 있는 pancreatic enzyme을 처리하고 2차로 Flavourzyme을 사용하는 경우 가수분해도(DH)가 PB는 약 70%, CB는 약 80%까지 증가하였다. 지방이 적은 TDF는 단백질 분해효소인 Alcalase와 Flavourzyme으로 분해한 결과 고형분 회수율은 약 22%, 단백질 회수율은 9%이었으며, 효소분해액 중 유리 아미노산 함량은 고형분 중 27%까지 향상되었다. 세 종류 분해액에 가염한 후 관능적인 특성을 조사한 결과 전체적으로 TDF>PB>CB의 순으로 우수하여 참치 혈합육은 조미소재의 원료로 적합한 동물성 부산물로 판단되었다.